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海淀區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年高三第一學(xué)期期中練習(xí)英語試卷本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare’sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.EddaFarinaandMarcoColombo___1___eachotherduringoneoftheregular6:00pm___2___concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin___3___onhisbalcony.Shesaid,“ThemusicwaslikeanarrowfiredbyCupid”.Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.Thetwokept___4___eachothertillonedayMarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda’snameonitto___5___hisloveforher.Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinaparkastherestrictionswere___6___inMay.Itturnedoutthecouplehadlivedinthesameneighbourhoodformuchoftheirlivesbutit___7___aglobalpandemictofinallybringthemtogether.Perhapsthefactthatthecouplecouldleanoneachotherduringthelockdownmeantthattheyhadbuilta___8___foundationbeforetheymetup.AsMarcosharedonhissocialmedia,“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding,whichwould___9___sincewemetonourbalconies”.Finallyabalconylovestorythatendshappily—oneShakespearehimselfcouldneverhave____10____!1.A.greetedB.recognizedC.spottedD.monitored2.A.balconyB.charityC.folkD.square3.A.studioB.talentC.practiceD.performance4.A.consultingB.messagingC.datingD.visiting5.A.seekB.declareC.shareD.win6.A.liftedB.announcedC.introducedD.rejected7.A.causedB.deservedC.neededD.took8.A.soundB.materialC.freshD.basic 9.A.workoutB.takeeffectC.makesenseD.payoff10.A.understoodB.adoptedC.editedD.anticipated【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.D8.A9.C10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了疫情期間，一對男女因?yàn)殛柵_(tái)音樂會(huì)而相愛故事?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡是在晚上6點(diǎn)的陽臺(tái)音樂會(huì)中相遇的，這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。A.greeted歡迎；B.recognized認(rèn)出；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.monitored監(jiān)視；監(jiān)聽。分析文章可知，埃達(dá)·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡本身是不認(rèn)識(shí)的兩人，是因?yàn)殛柵_(tái)音樂會(huì)才發(fā)現(xiàn)了彼此。故選C。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)·法里娜和馬爾科·科倫坡是在晚上6點(diǎn)的陽臺(tái)音樂會(huì)中相遇的，這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。A.balcony陽臺(tái)；B.charity慈善機(jī)構(gòu)；C.folk家人；D.square廣場。下文提到“EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin3onhisbalcony.（埃達(dá)最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽臺(tái)上聽他演奏小提琴的時(shí)候。）”由此判斷，兩人最初相識(shí)的地方是在各自的陽臺(tái)上。故選A。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：埃達(dá)最初注意到馬可是在她走到陽臺(tái)上聽他演奏小提琴的時(shí)候。A.studio錄音室；B.talent天才；C.practice練習(xí)；D.performance表演。前文提到“oneoftheregular6:00pm2concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.（這是一場旨在鼓舞社區(qū)的常規(guī)音樂會(huì)。）”由此判斷，陽臺(tái)音樂會(huì)指的是在陽臺(tái)上進(jìn)行音樂表演。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達(dá)的名字，以表達(dá)他對她的愛。A.consulting咨詢；B.messaging發(fā)信息；C.dating約會(huì)；D.visiting拜訪。前文提到“Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.（馬可也對埃達(dá)一見鐘情，他在社交媒體上找到了愛達(dá)。）”且因?yàn)橐咔榈脑蚓蛹腋綦x，因此兩人只能通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)送消息進(jìn)行聯(lián)系。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人不停地發(fā)信息，直到有一天，馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達(dá)的名字，以表達(dá)他對她的愛。A.seek尋找；B.declare宣布；聲明；C.share分享；D.win贏得。前文提到“MarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda’snameon it（馬可做了一面大橫幅掛在他的大樓的頂層，上面寫著埃達(dá)的名字）”由此判斷，馬可通過在樓頂掛橫幅的行動(dòng)在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里公開表達(dá)了對埃達(dá)的愛。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著今年5月禁令的解除，他們在一個(gè)公園里進(jìn)行了第一次約會(huì)。A.lifted解除；撤銷；B.announced宣布；C.introduced介紹；D.rejected拒絕。前文提到“Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinapark（他們在一個(gè)公園里進(jìn)行了第一次約會(huì)）”能在公園里約會(huì)說明居家隔離的禁令解除了。故選A。【7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)證明，這對夫婦大半生都住在同一個(gè)街區(qū)，但直到一場全球大流行才讓他們終于走到了一起。A.caused造成；引起；B.deserved值得，應(yīng)受;C.needed需要;D.took花費(fèi)；遭受。分析句子可知，此處是Ittakessth.todosth.，意為“做……需要付出……（代價(jià)）”。故選D?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：也許這對夫婦在封鎖期間可以互相依靠的事實(shí)意味著他們在見面之前已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。A.sound堅(jiān)實(shí)的；B.material物質(zhì)的；C.fresh新鮮的；D.basic基礎(chǔ)的。后文提到“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding（我們正在考慮在我公寓大樓的大屋頂上舉行婚禮）”由此判斷，之前在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中互不認(rèn)識(shí)的兩人，在封鎖期間因?yàn)殛柵_(tái)音樂會(huì)而相識(shí)，并且在網(wǎng)上互相聯(lián)系上彼此最終走向婚姻的殿堂，證明他們在結(jié)婚前應(yīng)該打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：我們正在考慮在我公寓大樓的大屋頂舉行婚禮，這是有意義的，因?yàn)槲覀兪窃陉柵_(tái)上認(rèn)識(shí)的。A.workout解決；實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.takeeffect生效；起作用；C.makesense有意義；D.payoff付清；取得成功。后文提到“wemetonourbalconies（我們是在陽臺(tái)上認(rèn)識(shí)的）”由此判斷兩人因?yàn)樵陉柵_(tái)相識(shí)而選擇在屋頂舉行婚禮應(yīng)該是一件非常有意義的事。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：終于，一個(gè)陽臺(tái)上的愛情故事圓滿結(jié)束了——這是莎士比亞自己都沒有預(yù)料到的!A.understood理解；B.adopted收養(yǎng)；采納；C.edited編輯；校訂；D.anticipated預(yù)料。文章第一段提到“AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare’sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.（意大利一對情侶在冠狀病毒封鎖期間在一場夜間陽臺(tái)音樂會(huì)上相遇，在莎士比亞不幸的戀人故事發(fā)生的同一座城市，他們正在成為現(xiàn)代版的羅密歐與朱麗葉。）”原本是莎士比亞筆下愛情悲劇發(fā)生的地方，但是在疫情期間卻上演了一場愛情的美好結(jié)局，這是莎士比亞自己都無法預(yù)料的事情。故選D。 第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7th,1812,thesonofaclerkattheNavyPayOffice.Hisfather,____11____(continuous)livingbeyondhismeans,wasimprisonedfordebtintheMarshalseain1824.Twelve-year-oldCharles____12____(remove)fromschoolandsenttoworkataboot-blackingfactory,earningsixshillingsaweektohelpsupportthefamily.Thisdarkexperiencecastashadowovertheclever,sensitiveboy.Thechildhoodpovertyandfeelingsofabandonmentwouldbeaheavyinfluence____13____Dickens’laterviewsonsocialreformandtheworldhewouldcreatethroughhisfiction.【答案】11.continuously12.wasremoved13.on##over##upon【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了查爾斯·狄更斯的人生經(jīng)歷故事?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：他父親一直入不敷出，1824年因債務(wù)被囚禁在馬紹爾西。由副詞修飾動(dòng)詞可知，此處為副詞continuously修飾動(dòng)詞短語livebeyondhismeans。故填continuously。【12題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：12歲的查爾斯被勒令退學(xué)，被送到一家擦鞋廠工作，每周掙6先令，以貼補(bǔ)家用。分析句子可知，此處為謂語動(dòng)詞的填入，由and連接的sent可知，此處為動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)合句意可知，主語Charles和動(dòng)詞remove為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。故填wasremoved?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：童年的貧困和被遺棄感對狄更斯后來對社會(huì)改革的看法以及他通過小說所創(chuàng)造的世界產(chǎn)生了重大影響。beaninfluenceon/over/upon“是對……方面產(chǎn)生影響”為固定短語，故此處為介詞on/over/upon的填入。故填on/over/upon。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Farmingwasconsideredpartoftheruralcharminthepast.Butnow,farmshavecometotheconcretejungle andtheycanevenbefoundhighuponbalconies.Accordingtoarecentreport____14____(release)byaChinesee-commerceplatform,thesalesofvegetableseedsinthefirstquarteronT–malldoubledcomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.Salesofproductssuchasnutrientsoilandgardeningtools____15____(rise)threetimessincelastApril.Outofallthepeople____16____(buy)farmingtoolsandseeds,mostwerebornafter1995.【答案】14.released15.haverisen16.buying【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在過去，農(nóng)業(yè)被認(rèn)為是鄉(xiāng)村魅力的一部分。但現(xiàn)在，農(nóng)場已經(jīng)來到了混凝土叢林，甚至可以在高高的陽臺(tái)上找到它們。據(jù)中國某電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，今年第一季度天貓蔬菜種子銷量較去年同期翻了一番。自去年4月以來，營養(yǎng)土和園藝工具等產(chǎn)品的銷量增長了三倍。在所有購買農(nóng)具和種子的人中，大多數(shù)是95后?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：據(jù)中國某電子商務(wù)平臺(tái)最近發(fā)布的一份報(bào)告顯示，今年第一季度天貓蔬菜種子銷量較去年同期翻了一番。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知release與邏輯主語report構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填released。【15題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自去年4月以來，營養(yǎng)土和園藝工具等產(chǎn)品的銷量增長了三倍。根據(jù)后文sincelastApril可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為Salesofproducts，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填haverisen?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在所有購買農(nóng)具和種子的人中，大多數(shù)是95后。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知buy與邏輯主語people構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故填buying。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Howpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence____17____(influence)howtheylearnandgrow.Peoplewithafixedmindsetbelievethattheirtalentsandqualitiesarepre-determinedandunchanging.Therefore,theyeasilyadoptlimitingbeliefsabout____18____theycanandcannotdo.Thisfixedmindsetcanleadpeopletoavoidchallenges,tofeelthreatenedbyothers’success,andtoturnadeafear____19____thereisanethicalmisbehavior.Onthecontrary,peopledrivenbygrowthmindsetaremoreconvincedthattheir____20____(capable)canbe developed,thusmoremotivatedtotakeonchallengesandrespondwelltocriticism.【答案】17.influences18.what19.when##if20.capability##capabilities【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。人們?nèi)绾慰创约旱哪芰τ绊懼麄內(nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)和成長。心態(tài)固定的人認(rèn)為他們的才能和品質(zhì)是預(yù)先決定的，是不變的。這種固定的思維模式會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們逃避挑戰(zhàn)，對他人的成功感到威脅，對道德上的不當(dāng)行為充耳不聞。相反，受成長思維驅(qū)動(dòng)的人更相信自己的能力可以得到發(fā)展，從而更有動(dòng)力接受挑戰(zhàn)并對批評(píng)做出良好回應(yīng)?！?7題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：人們?nèi)绾慰创约旱哪芰τ绊懼麄內(nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)和成長。根據(jù)上文think可知為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為Howpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填influences。【18題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：因此，他們很容易對自己能做什么和不能做什么采取限制性的信念。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，指事物應(yīng)用what。故填what?！?9題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：這種固定的心態(tài)會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們回避挑戰(zhàn)，對他人的成功感到威脅，并在出現(xiàn)道德不當(dāng)行為時(shí)（如果存在道德上的不當(dāng)行為）置若罔聞。此處可理解為時(shí)間狀語從句，即當(dāng)有不當(dāng)行為出現(xiàn)時(shí)，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”用when；或條件狀語從句，即如果有不當(dāng)行為，表示“如果”用if。故填when/if。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：相反，受成長思維驅(qū)動(dòng)的人更相信自己的能力可以得到發(fā)展，從而更有動(dòng)力接受挑戰(zhàn)并對批評(píng)做出良好回應(yīng)。作從句主語應(yīng)用名詞capability，該詞即可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)合上文their用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填capability/capabilities。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A Nia’sfamilymovedoften,findingshelterinroomswithrelatives.Tensionsrosewitheverymoveandshoutingmatcheswereconstant.Wheneverythingcametoaboil,Niafounditbesttokeepsilent.Shebecamemoreandmorewithdrawnasshegotolder,losingconfidenceinherselfandhervoice.Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare’sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.Niasignedupforaceramic(陶瓷)class.Thepassionshegainedforlearninganewcraftwasclear-butwhenitcametogroupactivitiesintheclassroom,Niastruggled.Shetoldstaffthatshedidn’tlikebeingaroundpeopleshedidn’tknow.Sowhentheclasswasgiventheopportunitytoselltheirartworkatalocalfair,Niahesitated.WiththesupportfromYouthCareCareerCoordinator,Kate,shecautiouslyagreed.Whenthebigdaycame,shopperspouredintothefair,approachingNiawithquestionsabouttheprogramandartpiecesforsale.Eachtime,NiaturnedtoKatetowhispertheanswersinherear,andKaterepeatedtheanswersoutloud.Atonepointduringthefair,shewasleftaloneforamoment.Whenacustomercameuptoaskaquestion,Niaansweredwithhesitation.Soonafter,anothervisitorcame.WhenKatereturnedtoherside,Niafoughtbackherfearsandansweredtheirquestionsonherown.Nia’sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,”saidKate.“Theartworkshesoldwasthebiggestsaleoftheday!”Thatdayatthefairwaslife-changingforNia.Shediscoveredthatshetrulyenjoyedtalkingtoothers-especiallyaboutart!Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.21.WhatmadeNiafinallydecidetotrytheProject?A.Herfamilyatmosphere.B.Herfriend’spersuasion.C.Herdesiretofindajob.D.Herpassionforceramics.22.Thefairislife-changingforNiabecauseshe.A.discoveredhertrueloveinartB.madethebiggestsaleinthefairCwontherecognitionofcustomersD.gainedconfidencethroughinteraction23.WhatcanweknowaboutNia?AShewasforcedtothefair.B.Shedidverywellthroughoutthefair.C.Shefinishedtheprojectsuccessfully.D.Shewasstrugglinginlearningceramic. 【答案】21.C22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了主人公妮婭通過一次在交易會(huì)上的表現(xiàn)，成功地克服了與他人交流的恐懼，建立了通技巧和信心，出色地完成了工作的項(xiàng)目。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.”（但妮婭想找份工作養(yǎng)活自己。她終于深吸了一口氣，決定試一試。）可知，她想找工作的愿望是讓她最終決定嘗試這個(gè)計(jì)劃的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Nia’sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,”saidKate.”（每和妮婭交流一次，她的信心就增加一次。那天結(jié)束時(shí)，她滿臉笑容?！澳輯I給我留下了深刻的印象。她非常喜歡向顧客解釋如何燒制陶瓷?！眲P特說。）可知，這次交易會(huì)改變了妮婭的生活，因?yàn)樗诨?dòng)中獲得了自信。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.”（在工作人員的持續(xù)支持下，妮婭建立了溝通技巧和信心，出色地完成了瓷磚項(xiàng)目。）故可推知，關(guān)于妮婭，我們知道她最終成功地完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。ABD選項(xiàng)與原文實(shí)意不符。故選C項(xiàng)。BItisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.KitchnIfyou’rededicatedtolearningtheinsandoutsofcookingandwantafullprogram,KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethatincludes20lessonsover20daysforonly$30eachclass.Eachday,anewtopiciscovered,startingwithknifeskillsandendingwithhowtoplan,cookandthrowadinnerparty.Mostimportantly,theinstructorsvaluethejoyincooking.ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.UdemyWithover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry. Manyvideoscomewithbonusmaterialthatincludessuggestionsonkitchentoolsandequipment.Udemyoffersgreatdealswithlargesalesonclasses,aswellasaselectionoffreecontent.Coursescomewithfull,lifetimeaccesswhenpurchasedanda30-day,money-backguarantee.Pricesgenerallyrangefrom$10to$30.RouxbeWidelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.Membershipcostsaround$15permonthor$99peryear,butRouxbeoftenoffersdiscountsontheirannualmembership,aswellasa30–dayfreetrial.So,ifyou’vebeenstrugglingtocomeupwithrecipestocookathome,Rouxbeisafantasticresourcethatprovidessimple,qualityprofessionalguidance.NYTNYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.Membershipfeeisaround$5permonthor$40annuallyforunlimitedaccess.And,nottoworry:Youcancancelatanytime.24.Whichoneismostlikelytoattractvegetarians?A.Kitchn.B.Udemy.C.Rouxbe.D.NYT.25.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Kitchnisrecognizedforitsprofessionalandinformativestyle.B.Udemyoffersrichcookingcoursesbyworldwideinstructors.C.Rouxbeishighlythoughtofbyindustryprofessionals.D.NYTtargetspeoplewithspecificdietarypreferences.26.Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A.Theyofferonlinecourses.B.Theyallowspecialdiscounts.C.Theyprovideextramaterials.D.Theyengagefamousinstructors.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethecookingmethods.B.Torecommendcookingschools.C.Topromotehomecookingskills.D.Tointroducecookingcourses.【答案】24.D25.C26.A27.B【解析】【分析】 本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)提供在線烹飪課程的學(xué)校，旨在幫助忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳購買決定?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)NYT部分“Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（對于那些有特定飲食偏好的人，你可以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”可知，NYT最有可能吸引素食者。故選D。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kitchn部分“ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.（Kitchn的語氣輕快、俏皮、有趣，但仍然很專業(yè)，信息量很大。）”不能推斷出Kitchn以其專業(yè)和信息豐富的風(fēng)格而聞名。故A項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.（Udemy擁有超過183000門在線課程，提供由全國各地的教師教授的各種烹飪課程。）”可知，B項(xiàng)中“worldwideinstructors”說法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)Rouxbe部分“Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,（Rouxbe被公認(rèn)為行業(yè)專業(yè)人士中領(lǐng)先的在線烹飪學(xué)校，）”可知，C項(xiàng)“Rouxbe受到行業(yè)專業(yè)人士的高度評(píng)價(jià)。”說法正確；根據(jù)NYT部分“Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.（對于那些有特定飲食偏好的人，你可以通過選擇無乳制品、低碳水化合物、高纖維等類別輕松找到你想要的食物。）”不能推斷出NYT針對有特定飲食偏好的人。故D項(xiàng)說法錯(cuò)誤。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Kitchn部分“KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethat…”、Udemy部分“Withover183,000onlinecoursesavailable…”、Rouxbe部分“Widelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschool…”以及NYT部分“NYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.”可知，這四所學(xué)校的共同之處是都提供在線課程。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.(我們的使命是幫助忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳的購買決定。現(xiàn)在編織了下面的信息名單。)”以及文中Kitchn、Udemy、Rouxbe和NYT是四所提供在線烹飪課程的學(xué)校。本文的寫作目的是推薦這四所學(xué)校，以幫助那些忙碌但好奇的家庭廚師做出最佳購買決定。故選B。CNextFrontiers Schoolbookstypicallypresentexplorersasintrepid(勇敢的)individualswho,forexample,sailwoodenshipstonewlands.Buttodaymostexplorerswhoaremakingfundamentaldiscoveriesarescientists.Andwhetherthefrontiersaretiny,likethehumangenome,ormassive,likeourdeepestoceans,westillhavemuchlefttolearnaboutplanetEarth.Thequeststhatmodernscientistspursuerival(比得上)anythinginahistorybookoranadventurenovel.Explorationisscienceinitsmostbasicform—askingquestionsofthenaturalworldand,wehope,usingtheanswersforthebettermentofeverythingonEarth.Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep–submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.Nowthereareroughly4,000autonomousArgofloatsacrosstheworld’soceansthatdivedownto2,000feetandresurfaceevery10days.Programmablevesselsgreatlyexpandourreachandreducetherisktothepeopleinvolvedinexploration,allowingforthekindofdiscoverythatthehumanbodymightlimit.TheArgogroupwillalsodeploydozensofsensorseveryyearthatwillgatherbiologicalandchemicaldata,leadingtonewobservationsaboutmarinelife.Otherinstitutionsplantosearchtheseasinunison,sendingdatatoguideshipsthatforwardtheinformationtoresearchersonshore.Oceanresearchgroupshavemadeitaprioritytoopenlysharetheirdiscoveriesanddatawiththepublicandtoinspirethenextgenerationofyoungscientists.Anyonecangoalongfortheride—wecanallbeexplorers.Maybeonedayyou’llexploretheGreatBarrierReef,thedesert,orarain-forestcanopy.CaptainJamesT.KirkbeganeachepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrektelevisionseriesbysaying,“Space,thefinalfrontier.”Notnecessarily.WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.28.Theexample“proverbialfrog”inParagraph3isusedto.A.illustratethesignificanceofexplorationB.stresstheimportanceofknowledge C.argueforthenecessityofinnovationD.showtheimpactofglobalwarming29.WecanlearnfromParagraph4and5that.A.thehumandesiretoovercomechallengesleadstoinnovationB.sealifeobservationisthefinalpurposeofoceanexplorationC.thefindingsofoceanexplorationareratherdisappointingD.newtechnologiespushhumanexplorationintheocean30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Fewmodernscientistsaretrueexplorers.B.Thespacewillbehuman’sfinalfrontier.C.Exploringisanin-bornhumanquality.D.Exploringtheearthcanstillbefruitful.【答案】28.A29.A30.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要說明了探索是科學(xué)最基本的形式——提出自然世界的問題，我們希望用這些問題的答案來改善地球上的一切。文章論述了探索地球的重要作用和意義?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.(探索有很大的價(jià)值。它激勵(lì)我們，擴(kuò)大我們的知識(shí)，給我們一個(gè)更好的未來的希望。而實(shí)際的回報(bào)甚至可以挽救生命。科學(xué)家們花了幾十年的時(shí)間探索大氣中的物質(zhì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著時(shí)間的推移，二氧化碳的濃度在上升。如果沒有這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們?nèi)祟惉F(xiàn)在就會(huì)像諺語所說的青蛙一樣生活在逐漸加熱的鍋里，不確定我們周圍的環(huán)境為什么會(huì)發(fā)生變化，然后慢慢地沸騰而死)”可推知，第三段中的“諺語青蛙”的例子用來說明探索的重要性。故選A?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep-submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottomsnumeroustimes.( 人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動(dòng)力是人類探索動(dòng)力的一個(gè)重要方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，探索動(dòng)力會(huì)刺激創(chuàng)新。早期的人類潛水器到達(dá)最深的海溝底部，在巨大的壓力下只進(jìn)行了一次。但最終，一種更耐壓力的深海潛水器——“限制因子”，讓投資者和海底探險(xiǎn)家維克多·維斯科沃得以多次到達(dá)海溝底部)”可知，人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的欲望導(dǎo)致了創(chuàng)新。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.(探索有很大的價(jià)值。它激勵(lì)我們，擴(kuò)大我們的知識(shí)，給我們一個(gè)更好的未來的希望。而實(shí)際的回報(bào)甚至可以挽救生命)”；第四段中“Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.(人類克服挑戰(zhàn)的動(dòng)力是人類探索動(dòng)力的一個(gè)重要方面，在大多數(shù)情況下，探索動(dòng)力會(huì)刺激創(chuàng)新)”以及最后一段中“WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.(我們在地球上還有很多東西要發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們熱切地等待著來自我們發(fā)現(xiàn)的最新世界的驚喜)”可推知，探索地球仍然是富有成效的。故選D。DHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants’reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators(授粉昆蟲).Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants’cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewas producedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume”thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance–makingisdominatedbyman–madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld–famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.D.Man–madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyB.SmartnessbehindFragranceC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。對植物來說，香味是與昆蟲和其他動(dòng)物互動(dòng)的一種方式。它們對人的吸引力完全是偶然發(fā)生的。文章主要說明了植物是如何通過香味來保護(hù)自己以及繁殖的?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.(如果一只昆蟲咬穿了一些Bursera植物的葉子，就會(huì)噴出一種粘性的、有臭味的液體來困住它。土狼煙草植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饑餓毛蟲的氣味，它們就會(huì)產(chǎn)生揮發(fā)物，吸引捕食者殺死害蟲)”可推知，作者認(rèn)同香味是植物保護(hù)自己的工具。故選B。 【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon”可知，為了嚇跑競爭對手，阿拉伯商人傳播了一個(gè)關(guān)于守護(hù)肉桂的巨鷹的傳說，可見有些香料非常珍貴，讓商人通過傳說來嚇跑競爭對手。故畫線詞意思是“寶貴的”。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.(真正令人驚奇的是植物在利用它們的氣味進(jìn)行繁殖時(shí)是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜間散發(fā)氣味，以吸引夜間傳粉者，如飛蛾。它們產(chǎn)生稀釋的花蜜，鼓勵(lì)飛蛾不斷移動(dòng)，而不是停留在一個(gè)單一的花期，這更好地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后會(huì)改變它們的香味，作為昆蟲轉(zhuǎn)移到其他地方的信號(hào))”可知，植物利用香味來吸引和趕走傳粉者。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.(長期以來，人類一直從自然界的氣味中獲得快樂。不過，在大多數(shù)情況下，人類并不是它們的目標(biāo)市場。對植物來說，香味是與昆蟲和其他動(dòng)物互動(dòng)的一種方式。它們對人的吸引力完全是偶然發(fā)生的)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了植物是如何通過香味來保護(hù)自己以及繁殖的?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“香味背后的聰明機(jī)智”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowSociologistsDefineCultureCultureisoneofthemostimportantconceptswithinsociologybecausesociologistsrecognizethatitplaysacrucialroleinoursociallives.Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.____35____Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon–materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.Expandingonthesecategories,cultureismadeupofourknowledge,commonsense,assumptionsandexpectations.Itisalsotherules,norms, lawsandmoralsthatgovernsociety;thewordsweuseaswellashowwespeakandwritethem;andthesymbolsweusetoexpressmeaning,ideasandconcepts.____36____Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience”;andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.Cultureincludesthecollectivepracticesweparticipateinaswell,suchasreligiousceremonies,thecelebrationofsecularholidaysandattendingsportingevents.____37____Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.Aspectsofmaterialculturearemorecommonlyreferredtoasculturalproducts.Sociologistsseethetwosidesofculture—thematerialandnon–material—ascloselyconnected.Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.____38____Butitisnotaone–wayrelationshipbetweenmaterialandnon–materialculture.Materialculturecanalsoinfluencethenon-materialaspectsofculture.Forexample,apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople’sattitudesandbeliefs.____39____Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts.A.Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.B.Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.C.Withoutculture,wewouldnothaverelationshipsorsociety.D.Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.E.Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.F.Cultureisdistinctfromsocialstructureandeconomicaspectsofsociety.G.Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.【答案】35.B36.D37.E38.G39.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了社會(huì)學(xué)概念中文化的各種形式以及內(nèi)容。【35題詳解】前文提到“Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.（它對塑造社會(huì)關(guān)系、維護(hù)和挑戰(zhàn)社會(huì)秩序、決定我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐澜绾臀覀冊谄渲械牡匚?、塑造我們在社?huì)中的日常行為和經(jīng)驗(yàn)都很重要。）”，后文提到“Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon–material aspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.（簡而言之，社會(huì)學(xué)家將文化的非物質(zhì)方面定義為一群人共有的價(jià)值觀、信仰、語言、交流和實(shí)踐。）”社會(huì)學(xué)家提到了文化在非物質(zhì)方面表現(xiàn)為價(jià)值觀、信仰、語言等，由此可知文化在社會(huì)學(xué)表現(xiàn)為物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)方面。B項(xiàng)“Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.”（它由非物質(zhì)的和物質(zhì)的東西組成。）該項(xiàng)可作為第一段的段尾句同時(shí)引起第二段關(guān)于文化兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，起到承上啟下的作用。故選B。【36題詳解】后文提到“Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience”;andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.（它體現(xiàn)在我們走路、坐著、抬著身體以及與他人互動(dòng)的方式中；我們的行為取決于地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和“觀眾”；以及我們?nèi)绾伪磉_(dá)種族、階級(jí)和性別等身份。）”由此判斷，人們的一些行為也是根據(jù)文化本身而進(jìn)行的。D項(xiàng)“Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.”（文化也是我們所做的以及我們的行為和表現(xiàn)。）該項(xiàng)提到的“行為和表現(xiàn)”對應(yīng)后文中出現(xiàn)的“走路、坐著、互動(dòng)方式”等，起到承上啟下的作用。故選D?！?7題詳解】第三段第二句提到“Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.（這方面的文化包括各種各樣的東西，從建筑、科技產(chǎn)品和服裝，到電影、音樂、文學(xué)和藝術(shù)等等。）”能通過建筑、科技等方式體現(xiàn)的文化指的是文化的物質(zhì)方面，E項(xiàng)“Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.”（物質(zhì)文化是由人類制造和使用的東西組成的。）該項(xiàng)提到的“由人類制造和使用的東西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技產(chǎn)品、服裝”等。由此判斷該項(xiàng)起到引起后文的作用。故選E?！?8題詳解】前文提到“Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.（物質(zhì)文化產(chǎn)生于文化的非物質(zhì)方面，并受其塑造。）”文化的物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)方面是相互影響的，尤其是非物質(zhì)方面會(huì)影響物質(zhì)方面，G項(xiàng)“Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.”（換句話說，我們所重視的、相信的和知道的影響著我們所做的事情）由此判斷，該項(xiàng)中提到的“whatwevalue,believeandknow”（我們所重視的、相信的和知道的）即為文化的非物質(zhì)方面，該項(xiàng)起到承上啟下的作用，故選G。【39題詳解】前文提到“apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople’sattitudesandbeliefs.”（一部好的紀(jì)錄片可能會(huì)改變?nèi)说膽B(tài)度和信仰），且后文提到“Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,for example,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts.”（例如，之前在音樂、電影、電視和藝術(shù)方面出現(xiàn)的東西影響著與之互動(dòng)的人的價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望，而這些價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望又反過來影響著其他文化產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造。）音樂、電影、電視等方面出現(xiàn)的都是屬于文化產(chǎn)品，而價(jià)值觀、信仰和期望又會(huì)對文化產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)造產(chǎn)生影響。由此判斷文化產(chǎn)品的產(chǎn)生也是受一定價(jià)值觀、信仰等方面的影響。A項(xiàng)“Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.”（這就是為什么文化產(chǎn)品傾向于遵循模式。）起到承上啟下的作用，符合文意。故選A。第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Nobodylikestofeelanxious.Anxietyisamongthemostcommonandcriticizedofhumanemotions.Studiesshowthatover100millionpeopleintheU.S.willsufferfromananxietydisorderintheirlifetime.Rates,especiallyamongtheyoung,havebeenrisingforthepastdecade.Itseems,then,thatoureffortstocontainanxietyaren’tworking.Asaclinicalpsychologistandneuroscienceresearcher,Ibelievethatwementalhealthprofessionalshavemadeaterriblemistake.Feelinganxiousisn’ttheproblem.Theproblemisthatwedon’tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.That’swhyit’sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood.This“bad”feelingisn’tafailureofmentalhealth.It’satriumphofhumanevolution:theabilitytothinkabouttheuncertainfutureandprepareforit.Theunpleasantemotion,forexample,fear,signalsthatyoumaybeindanger—fromapredator,bullyorspeedingcar—andreadiesyourbodyandmindtofightortakeflight.Anxiety,bycontrast,hasnothingtodowithpresentthreats.Instead,itturnsyouintoamentaltimetraveler,drawingyourattentiontowhatliesahead.Willyousucceedorfailinthatinterviewforajobyoudesperatelywant?Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals.Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn’texpect:higherlevelsofdopamine(多巴胺)whenwe’reanxious.Wehavelongknownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurableandalsoinanticipationofrewards.Thefactthatanxietyalsoboostsdopaminelevelspointstoitsroleinmakingpositivepossibilitiesintoreality.Manyofusfeeloverwhelmedbylastinganxietyanddon’tseeanybenefitfromit.Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit.Buttreatinganxietylikeadiseasepreventsusfromdistinguishing betweenordinaryanxietyandanxietydisorders.Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.Anxietycan’tdoitsjobunlessitmakesusuncomfortable,forcingustositupandpayattention.Wedon’tneedtolikeanxiety—justtouseitintherightway.40.Whyisitincreasinglyhardforustoknowhowtofeelgood?_____________________________________________________________41.Howdoesanxietyhelponeinajobinterview?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious._____________________________________________________________43.Howdoyoucopewithanxietypositivelyinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________【答案】40.Becausewedon’tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.41.Itpromptsone’smindandbodyintoactionandithelpshim/hertostaysharpandfocusedintheinterview,preparedtopursuehis/hergoals.42.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.Becausedopamineisinhigherlevelswhenweareanxious.43.版本一：Weshoulddevelopagoodmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotionandtrytouseitintherightwayinourdailylife,whichcanhelpusgetridofitgradually.版本二：I’musuallyanxiousaboutthetonsofworkahead.Todealwithit,Imakeachecklistofthetasksinorderofpriority.WheneverIfinishone,I’lltickitoff.Inthisway,anxietypushesmeforwardandItranslateitintoproductivity.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇說明文。焦慮已成為現(xiàn)在社會(huì)普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象，人們將它視為糟糕的情緒。文章講述了焦慮形成的原因、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)及如何應(yīng)對焦慮的方法?！?0題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Theproblemisthatwedon’tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.That’swhyit’sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood. ”（問題是我們不知道如何建設(shè)性地應(yīng)對焦慮。這就是為什么越來越難知道如何感覺良好。）可知，我們越來越不知道怎樣感到快樂的原因是我們不知道如何建設(shè)性地去應(yīng)對焦慮。故答案為：Becausewedon’tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.【41題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段“Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals.”（焦慮促使你的思想和身體付諸行動(dòng)。你的擔(dān)憂迫使你為面試做了充分的準(zhǔn)備，你會(huì)心跳加速、大腦充血，這樣你就會(huì)保持敏銳和專注，為達(dá)成目標(biāo)做好充分準(zhǔn)備。）可知，焦慮會(huì)促使人的思想和身體付諸行動(dòng)，幫助他/她在面試中保持敏銳和專注、實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。故答案為：Itpromptsone’smindandbodyintoactionandithelpshim/hertostaysharpandfocusedintheinterview,preparedtopursuehis/hergoals.【42題詳解】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段“Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn’texpect:higherlevelsofdopamine(多巴胺)whenwe’reanxious.”（研究也顯示了某些科學(xué)家們沒想到的結(jié)果：當(dāng)我們焦慮時(shí)，多巴胺水平更高。）可知，“butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious”這一部分是錯(cuò)誤的，按題目要求劃線；原因就是根據(jù)文章的描述，研究所得結(jié)果是：當(dāng)我們焦慮時(shí)，多巴胺水平更高。故答案為：Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious.Becausedopamineisinhigherlevelswhenweareanxious.【43題詳解】考查開放答題。根據(jù)最后一段“Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit.”（我們要相信最后的應(yīng)對辦法就是擺脫它。）和“Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.”（我們需要對這種讓人誤解的情緒有一個(gè)新的心態(tài)。）及“Wedon’tneedtolikeanxiety—justtouseitintherightway.”（我們不需要喜歡焦慮——只是用正確的方式使用它。）可以推測，在日常生活中，我們應(yīng)該有一個(gè)良好的心態(tài)來看待焦慮，正確使用它，爭取逐漸擺脫它。故答案為：Weshoulddevelopagoodmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotionandtrytouseitintherightwayinourdailylife,whichcanhelpusgetridofitgradually.第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班班長李華。近期你班計(jì)劃開展“信息安全教育”的主題班會(huì)，請你給你班交換生Jim寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.班會(huì)目的及活動(dòng)安排；2.請他參加并在會(huì)后發(fā)表感想。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。提示詞語：informationsecurityDearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Howareyoudoing?Ourclassisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingrecently,whosethemeis“InformationSecurityEducation”.I’mwritingtosharesomedetailswithyouandinviteyoutotakepartinit.WiththeincreasingpopularityofInternet,thesecurityofitisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant,especiallyforusstudents.RaisingtheawarenessofinformationsecurityandlearninghowtousetheInternetsafelyarethepurposeofourclassmeeting,whichwillbeheldat2:00pmthisFridayinourclassroom.Tobeginwith,we’llbeprovidedwithsomevideostolearnaboutwhatsecurityproblemsandthreatsareandhowtheydoharmtous.Inaddition,theteacherwillinstructuswhatmeasureswecantaketoprotectourinformationsecurity.Lastbutnotleast,allthestudentsandteachersinvolvedinthemeetingcancommunicatewitheachotherabouttheirownthoughts.Wewouldappreciateitverymuchifyoucanjoininthemeetingandexpressyourideaafterit.Lookingforwardtoyourparticipation.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給交換生Jim寫封郵件，告訴他有關(guān)近期要開展的“信息安全教育”主題班會(huì)的相關(guān)信息和安排，邀請他參加并在會(huì)后發(fā)表感想?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累安全：security→safety參加：takepartin→joinin 目的：purpose→aim對……有害：doharmto...→beharmfulto...此外：inaddition→besides2.句式拓展同義句轉(zhuǎn)化原句：Ourclassisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingrecently,whosethemeis“InformationSecurityEducation”.拓展句：Ourclassisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingrecentlywiththethemeof“InformationSecurityEducation”.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】RaisingtheawarenessofinformationsecurityandlearninghowtousetheInternetsafelyarethepurposeofourclassmeeting,whichwillbeheldat2:00pmthisFridayinourclassroom.（運(yùn)用了動(dòng)名詞作主語；以how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和以which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句）【高分句型2】Tobeginwith,we’llbeprovidedwithsomevideostolearnaboutwhatsecurityproblemsandthreatsareandhowtheydoharmtous.（運(yùn)用了what和how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）