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海淀區(qū)2022—2023學年高三第一學期期中練習英語試卷本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}紙上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AcoupleinItalywhometatanightlybalconyconcertduringthecoronaviruslockdownarebecomingamodern-dayRomeoandJulietinthesamecitywhereShakespeare’sstoryofunfortunateloverstookplace.EddaFarinaandMarcoColombo___1___eachotherduringoneoftheregular6:00pm___2___concertsdesignedtocheerupthecommunity.EddainitiallynoticedMarcowhenshesteppedoutsidetohisviolin___3___onhisbalcony.Shesaid“ThemusicwaslikeanarrowfiredbyCupid”.Marco,whoalsofellinloveatfirstsight,trackedEddadownonsocialmedia.Thetwokept___4___eachothertillonedayMarcomadeabigbannertohangfromthetopfloorofhisbuildingwithEdda’snameonitto___5___hisloveforher.Theythenhadtheirfirstdateinaparkastherestrictionswere___6___inMay.Itturnedoutthecouplehadlivedinthesameneighbourhoodformuchoftheirlivesbutit___7___aglobalpandemictofinallybringthemtogether.Perhapsthefactthatthecouplecouldleanoneachotherduringthelockdownmeantthattheyhadbuilta___8___foundationbeforetheymetup.AsMarcosharedonhissocialmedia,“Weareconsideringaweddingceremonyonthelargeroofofmyapartmentbuilding,whichwould___9___sincewemetonourbalconies”.Finallyabalconylovestorythatendshappily—oneShakespearehimselfcouldneverhave____10____!1.A.greetedB.recognizedC.spottedD.monitored2.A.balconyB.charityC.folkD.square3.A.studioB.talentC.practiceD.performance4.A.consultingB.messagingC.datingD.visiting5.A.seekB.declareC.shareD.win6.A.liftedB.announcedC.introducedD.rejected7.A.causedB.deservedC.neededD.took8.A.soundB.materialC.freshD.basic 9.A.workoutB.takeeffectC.makesenseD.payoff10.A.understoodB.adoptedC.editedD.anticipated第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。CharlesDickenswasbornonFebruary7th,1812,thesonofaclerkattheNavyPayOffice.Hisfather,____11____(continuous)livingbeyondhismeans,wasimprisonedfordebtintheMarshalseain1824.Twelve-year-oldCharles____12____(remove)fromschoolandsenttoworkataboot-blackingfactory,earningsixshillingsaweektohelpsupportthefamily.Thisdarkexperiencecastashadowovertheclever,sensitiveboy.Thechildhoodpovertyandfeelingsofabandonmentwouldbeaheavyinfluence____13____Dickens’laterviewsonsocialreformandtheworldhewouldcreatethroughhisfiction.B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Farmingwasconsideredpartoftheruralcharminthepast.Butnow,farmshavecometotheconcretejungleandtheycanevenbefoundhighuponbalconies.Accordingtoarecentreport____14____(release)byaChinesee-commerceplatform,thesalesofvegetableseedsinthefirstquarteronT–malldoubledcomparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.Salesofproductssuchasnutrientsoilandgardeningtools____15____(rise)threetimessincelastApril.Outofallthepeople____16____(buy)farmingtoolsandseeds,mostwerebornafter1995.C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Howpeoplethinkabouttheircompetence____17____(influence)howtheylearnandgrow.Peoplewithafixedmindsetbelievethattheirtalentsandqualitiesarepre-determinedandunchanging.Therefore,theyeasilyadoptlimitingbeliefsabout____18____theycanandcannotdo.Thisfixedmindsetcanleadpeopletoavoidchallenges,tofeelthreatenedbyothers’success,andtoturnadeafear____19____thereisanethicalmisbehavior.Onthecontrary,peopledrivenbygrowthmindsetaremoreconvincedthattheir____20____(capable)canbedeveloped,thusmoremotivatedtotakeonchallengesandrespondwelltocriticism. 第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ANia’sfamilymovedoftenfindingshelterinroomswithrelatives.Tensionsrosewitheverymoveandshoutingmatcheswereconstant.Wheneverythingcametoaboil,Niafounditbesttokeepsilent.Shebecamemoreandmorewithdrawnasshegotolder,losingconfidenceinherselfandhervoice.Whenshewasayoungadult,Niahaddevelopedafearofspeaking.SowhenafriendtoldheraboutYouthCare’sTileProject,shewasterrified.ButNiawantedtotakestepstofindajobandsupportherself.Shefinallytookadeepbreathanddecidedtogiveitashot.Niasignedupforaceramic(陶瓷)class.Thepassionshegainedforlearninganewcraftwasclear-butwhenitcametogroupactivitiesintheclassroom,Niastruggled.Shetoldstaffthatshedidn’tlikebeingaroundpeopleshedidn’tknow.Sowhentheclasswasgiventheopportunitytoselltheirartworkatalocalfair,Niahesitated.WiththesupportfromYouthCareCareerCoordinator,Kate,shecautiouslyagreed.Whenthebigdaycame,shopperspouredintothefair,approachingNiawithquestionsabouttheprogramandartpiecesforsale.Eachtime,NiaturnedtoKatetowhispertheanswersinherear,andKaterepeatedtheanswersoutloud.Atonepointduringthefair,shewasleftaloneforamoment.Whenacustomercameuptoaskaquestion,Niaansweredwithhesitation.Soonafter,anothervisitorcame.WhenKatereturnedtoherside,Niafoughtbackherfearsandansweredtheirquestionsonherown.Nia’sconfidencegrewwitheveryinteraction.Bytheendoftheday,shewasbeaming.“IwassoimpressedbyNia.Shereallylovedexplainingtocustomershowtofireceramic,”saidKate.“Theartworkshesoldwasthebiggestsaleoftheday!”Thatdayatthefairwaslife-changingforNia.Shediscoveredthatshetrulyenjoyedtalkingtoothers-especiallyaboutart!Withcontinuedsupportfromstafftobuildcommunicationskillsandconfidence,NiacompletedtheTileProjectwithflyingcolors.21.WhatmadeNiafinallydecidetotrytheProject?A.Herfamilyatmosphere.B.Herfriend’spersuasion.C.Herdesiretofindajob.D.Herpassionforceramics.22.Thefairislife-changingforNiabecauseshe.A.discoveredhertrueloveinartB.madethebiggestsaleinthefair C.wontherecognitionofcustomersD.gainedconfidencethroughinteraction23.WhatcanweknowaboutNia?A.Shewasforcedtothefair.B.Shedidverywellthroughoutthefair.C.Shefinishedtheprojectsuccessfully.D.Shewasstrugglinginlearningceramic.BItisourmissiontohelpbusybutcurioushomecooksmakethebestpurchasedecisions.Nowcompileourinformativelistsbelow.KitchnIfyou’rededicatedtolearningtheinsandoutsofcookingandwantafullprogram,KitchnCookingSchooloffersanonlinecoursethatincludes20lessonsover20daysforonly$30eachclass.Eachday,anewtopiciscovered,startingwithknifeskillsandendingwithhowtoplan,cookandthrowadinnerparty.Mostimportantly,theinstructorsvaluethejoyincooking.ThetoneofKitchnislight,playful,andfun,butstillprofessionalandveryinformative.UdemyWithover183,000onlinecoursesavailable,Udemyoffersavarietyofcookingcoursestaughtbyinstructorsaroundthecountry.Manyvideoscomewithbonusmaterialthatincludessuggestionsonkitchentoolsandequipment.Udemyoffersgreatdealswithlargesalesonclasses,aswellasaselectionoffreecontent.Coursescomewithfull,lifetimeaccesswhenpurchasedanda30-day,money-backguarantee.Pricesgenerallyrangefrom$10to$30.RouxbeWidelyrecognizedastheleadingonlinecookingschoolamongindustryprofessionals,Rouxbeoffersawidearrayofindividuallessons,plustheirprofessionalcertificateprograms.Membershipcostsaround$15permonthor$99peryear,butRouxbeoftenoffersdiscountsontheirannualmembership,aswellasa30–dayfreetrial.So,ifyou’vebeenstrugglingtocomeupwithrecipestocookathome,Rouxbeisafantasticresourcethatprovidessimple,qualityprofessionalguidance.NYTNYTisrecognizedforitsfoodsectionandoffersalargeselectionofinstructionalcookingvideosonlineforallskilllevels.Forthosewithspecificdietarypreferences,youcaneasilyfindwhatyou’relookingforbyselectingcategorieslikedairy–free,low-carb,highfiberandmore.Membershipfeeisaround$5permonthor$40annuallyforunlimitedaccess.And,nottoworry:Youcancancelatanytime. 24.Whichoneismostlikelytoattractvegetarians?A.Kitchn.B.Udemy.C.Rouxbe.D.NYT.25.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Kitchnisrecognizedforitsprofessionalandinformativestyle.B.Udemyoffersrichcookingcoursesbyworldwideinstructors.C.Rouxbeishighlythoughtofbyindustryprofessionals.D.NYTtargetspeoplewithspecificdietarypreferences.26.Whatdothefourschoolshaveincommon?A.Theyofferonlinecourses.B.Theyallowspecialdiscounts.C.Theyprovideextramaterials.D.Theyengagefamousinstructors.27.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tocomparethecookingmethods.B.Torecommendcookingschools.C.Topromotehomecookingskills.D.Tointroducecookingcourses.CNextFrontiersSchoolbookstypicallypresentexplorersasintrepid(勇敢的)individualswho,forexample,sailwoodenshipstonewlands.Buttodaymostexplorerswhoaremakingfundamentaldiscoveriesarescientists.Andwhetherthefrontiersaretiny,likethehumangenome,ormassive,likeourdeepestoceans,westillhavemuchlefttolearnaboutplanetEarth.Thequeststhatmodernscientistspursuerival(比得上)anythinginahistorybookoranadventurenovel.Explorationisscienceinitsmostbasicform—askingquestionsofthenaturalworldand,wehope,usingtheanswersforthebettermentofeverythingonEarth.Explorationhasgreatvalue.Itinspiresus,widensourknowledgeandgivesushopeforabetterfuture.Andthepracticalpayoffscanevenbelifesaving.Scientistswhospentdecadesexploringwhatwasintheatmospherefoundthatovertimetheconcentrationofcarbondioxidewasrising.Withoutthatdiscovery,wehumanswouldnowbelivingliketheproverbialfroginapotofgraduallyheatingwater,unsurewhytheenvironmentaroundusischanging,andslowlyboilingtodeath.Thehumandrivetoovercomechallengesisanessentialaspectofthehumandrivetoexplore,which,inmostcases,spursinnovation.Earlyhumansubmersiblesthatreachedthebottomofthedeepestoceantrenchesmadethetripjustonce,stressedbytheenormouspressuresthere.Buteventuallyamorestress-resistantdeep–submergencevehicle,theLimitingFactor,allowedinvestorandunderseaexplorerVictorVescovotoreachtrenchbottoms numeroustimes.Nowthereareroughly4,000autonomousArgofloatsacrosstheworld’soceansthatdivedownto2,000feetandresurfaceevery10days.Programmablevesselsgreatlyexpandourreachandreducetherisktothepeopleinvolvedinexploration,allowingforthekindofdiscoverythatthehumanbodymightlimit.TheArgogroupwillalsodeploydozensofsensorseveryyearthatwillgatherbiologicalandchemicaldata,leadingtonewobservationsaboutmarinelife.Otherinstitutionsplantosearchtheseasinunison,sendingdatatoguideshipsthatforwardtheinformationtoresearchersonshore.Oceanresearchgroupshavemadeitaprioritytoopenlysharetheirdiscoveriesanddatawiththepublicandtoinspirethenextgenerationofyoungscientists.Anyonecangoalongfortheride—wecanallbeexplorers.Maybeonedayyou’llexploretheGreatBarrierReef,thedesert,orarain-forestcanopy.CaptainJamesT.KirkbeganeachepisodeoftheoriginalStarTrektelevisionseriesbysaying,“Space,thefinalfrontier.”Notnecessarily.WestillhaveplentytodiscoverrighthereonEarth,andweeagerlyawaitsurprisesfromthenewestworldswefind.28.Theexample“proverbialfrog”inParagraph3isusedto.A.illustratethesignificanceofexplorationB.stresstheimportanceofknowledgeC.argueforthenecessityofinnovationD.showtheimpactofglobalwarming29.WecanlearnfromParagraph4and5that.A.thehumandesiretoovercomechallengesleadstoinnovationB.sealifeobservationisthefinalpurposeofoceanexplorationC.thefindingsofoceanexplorationareratherdisappointingD.newtechnologiespushhumanexplorationintheocean30.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Fewmodernscientistsaretrueexplorers.B.Thespacewillbehuman’sfinalfrontier.C.Exploringisanin-bornhumanquality.D.Exploringtheearthcanstillbefruitful.DHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheirtendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants’reproductiveprocesses,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators(授粉昆蟲).Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmorevaried.Ifaninsectchews throughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar(稀釋的花蜜)thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants’cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelongusedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthewallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingredientshavebeenmixedinpursuitofthebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemoleculewasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougèreRoyale,thefirst“modernfantasyperfume”thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadaysfragrance–makingisdominatedbyman–madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproducedinlargequantities.Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentisaccordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld–famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaimspeopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized”inParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators. D.Man–madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPreyB.SmartnessbehindFragranceC.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMakeD.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowSociologistsDefineCultureCultureisoneofthemostimportantconceptswithinsociologybecausesociologistsrecognizethatitplaysacrucialroleinoursociallives.Itisimportantforshapingsocialrelationships,maintainingandchallengingsocialorder,determininghowwemakesenseoftheworldandourplaceinit,andinshapingoureverydayactionsandexperiencesinsociety.____35____Inbrief,sociologistsdefinethenon–materialaspectsofcultureasthevaluesandbeliefs,language,communicationandpracticesthataresharedincommonbyagroupofpeople.Expandingonthesecategories,cultureismadeupofourknowledge,commonsense,assumptionsandexpectations.Itisalsotherules,norms,lawsandmoralsthatgovernsociety;thewordsweuseaswellashowwespeakandwritethem;andthesymbolsweusetoexpressmeaning,ideasandconcepts.____36____Itinformsandisencapsulatedinhowwewalk,sit,carryourbodiesandinteractwithothers;howwebehavedependingontheplace,timeand“audience”;andhowweexpressidentitiesofrace,classandgender,amongothers.Cultureincludesthecollectivepracticesweparticipateinaswell,suchasreligiousceremonies,thecelebrationofsecularholidaysandattendingsportingevents.____37____Thisaspectofcultureincludesawidevarietyofthings,frombuildings,technologicalgadgetsandclothing,tofilm,music,literatureandart,amongothers.Aspectsofmaterialculturearemorecommonlyreferredtoasculturalproducts.Sociologistsseethetwosidesofculture—thematerialandnon–material—ascloselyconnected.Materialcultureemergesfromandisshapedbythenon-materialaspectsofculture.____38____Butitisnotaone–wayrelationshipbetweenmaterialandnon–materialculture.Materialculturecanalsoinfluencethenon-materialaspectsofculture.Forexample,apowerfuldocumentaryfilmmightchangepeople’sattitudesandbeliefs.____39____Whathascomebeforeintermsofmusic,film,televisionandart,forexample,influencesthevalues,beliefsandexpectationsofthosewhointeractwiththem,whichthen,inturn,influencethecreationofadditionalculturalproducts. A.Thisiswhyculturalproductstendtofollowpatterns.B.Itiscomposedofbothnon-materialandmaterialthings.C.Withoutculture,wewouldnothaverelationshipsorsociety.D.Cultureisalsowhatwedoandhowwebehaveandperform.E.Materialcultureiscomposedofthethingsthathumansmakeanduse.F.Cultureisdistinctfromsocialstructureandeconomicaspectsofsociety.G.Inotherwords,whatwevalue,believeandknowinfluencesthethingsthatwemake.第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Nobodylikestofeelanxious.Anxietyisamongthemostcommonandcriticizedofhumanemotions.Studiesshowthatover100millionpeopleintheU.S.willsufferfromananxietydisorderintheirlifetime.Ratesespeciallyamongtheyoung,havebeenrisingforthepastdecade.Itseems,then,thatoureffortstocontainanxietyaren’tworking.Asaclinicalpsychologistandneuroscienceresearcher,Ibelievethatwementalhealthprofessionalshavemadeaterriblemistake.Feelinganxiousisn’ttheproblem.Theproblemisthatwedon’tunderstandhowtorespondconstructivelytoanxiety.That’swhyit’sincreasinglyhardtoknowhowtofeelgood.This“bad”feelingisn’tafailureofmentalhealth.It’satriumphofhumanevolution:theabilitytothinkabouttheuncertainfutureandprepareforit.Theunpleasantemotion,forexample,fear,signalsthatyoumaybeindanger—fromapredator,bullyorspeedingcar—andreadiesyourbodyandmindtofightortakeflight.Anxiety,bycontrast,hasnothingtodowithpresentthreats.Instead,itturnsyouintoamentaltimetraveler,drawingyourattentiontowhatliesahead.Willyousucceedorfailinthatinterviewforajobyoudesperatelywant?Anxietypromptsyourmindandbodyintoaction.Yourworriesforceyoutopreparethoroughlyfortheinterview,whileyourheartracesandpumpsbloodtoyourbrainsothatyoustaysharpandfocused,preparedtopursueyourgoals.Researchhasalsoshownsomethingthatmanyscientistsdidn’texpect:higherlevelsofdopamine(多巴胺)whenwe’reanxious.Wehavelongknownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurableandalsoinanticipationofrewards.Thefactthatanxietyalsoboostsdopaminelevelspointstoitsroleinmakingpositivepossibilitiesintoreality.Manyofusfeeloverwhelmedbylastinganxietyanddon’tseeanybenefitfromit.Wehavecometobelievethatthebestwaytocopeistogetridofit.Buttreatinganxietylikeadiseasepreventsusfromdistinguishing betweenordinaryanxietyandanxietydisorders.Weneedtodevelopanewmindsetaboutthismisunderstoodemotion.Anxietycan’tdoitsjobunlessitmakesusuncomfortable,forcingustositupandpayattention.Wedon’tneedtolikeanxiety—justtouseitintherightway.40.Whyisitincreasinglyhardforustoknowhowtofeelgood?_____________________________________________________________41.Howdoesanxietyhelponeinajobinterview?_____________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Researchhasshownthatdopaminesoarswhenanexperienceispleasurable,butitisinlowerlevelswhenweareanxious._____________________________________________________________43.Howdoyoucopewithanxietypositivelyinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)_____________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設你是紅星中學高三(1)班班長李華。近期你班計劃開展“信息安全教育”的主題班會，請你給你班交換生Jim寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.班會目的及活動安排；2.請他參加并在會后發(fā)表感想。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。提示詞語：informationsecurityDearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua