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石景山區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年高三第一學(xué)期期末試卷英語試卷本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Asabiologistandphotographer,Ialwaystakemycameraeverywheretotakepicturesofwildanimals.Oneday,Iwasstandingonaboatwhenaverylargefemaleleopardseal(海豹)swamby.Iputonmydivingequipmentandgrabbedmy____1____.Iwasfrightenedbecauseshewassobig.Mymouthwasdry,andIcouldn’teven____2____.ButIknewitwastimeto____3____thismysteriouscreature.Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.Immediately,thesealswamtowardsme.Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.Thinkingthismustbeasignof____4____,Idecidedtostayverycalm.Althoughthesealwasshowingmeherteeth,Itriednotto____5____anyfear.Shediditafewmoretimes,andthenswamaway.Tomy____6____,shecamebackwithalivepenguin.Andsheevenshowedmehowtoeatit.Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!Beingabiologist,Iunderstoodthatshewastryingto____7____me.ButIthoughtthatshewasreallytryingtocommunicatewithme.Atthispoint,shedidn’tseemvery____8____.Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.And,moreimportantly,I’velearnedthatanimalsdonotalwaysbehavethewaywe____9____.Ibelievethe_____10_____experienceIhadwiththispowerfulandintelligentanimalwillstaywithmeforever.1.A.knifeB.bagC.cameraD.gun2.A.escapeB.makeC.moveD.fight3.A.approachB.adoptC.imagineD.rescue4.A.respectB.sympathyC.rewardD.threat5A.confirmB.exposeC.overcomeD.reduce6.A.satisfactionB.regretC.surpriseD.sorrow 7.A.feedB.comfortC.attackD.assess8.A.reliableB.dangerousC.sensitiveD.ambitious9.A.admireB.promiseC.demandD.expect10.A.confusingB.similarC.incredibleD.bitter第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIwas14,myfatherandItookabiketriptoexploretheSidelingHillTunnel(隧道).Afterwe____11____(enter)thedarktunnel,Ishonemyflashlightaroundandsawwallscoveredingraffiti(涂鴉).____12____Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideoutintothatbrightafternoonatlast.Thistripalwaysremindsmeofmyfather,____13____givesmethecouragetokeepridingthroughlife’sdarktunnels.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Bandung,oneofIndonesia’smajorcities,isonly150kilometersfromJakarta,thecapital,butthedriveisatanaverageofthreehoursevenwithafreeway____14____(connect)thetwocities.Fortunately,ahigh-speedrailway____15____(fund)byChinaisduetoopenin2023,andthehours-longtravel____16____(cut)to40minutes.ItispartofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,andforIndonesia,thebeginningofabrandnewnetworkoftransportationacrossthecountry.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenKurtBenirschkestartedcollectingskin____17____(sample)fromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveaclearplanon____18____couldbedonewiththem.HethensetupacollectionbankcalledtheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,____19____hiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’s____20____(large)animalcryobank,withgeneticmaterialsfromover10,500animals.In2020,ababyhorseknownas“Kurt”wasborn,clonedusingcellsfromtheFrozenZoo.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.Chooseyourpreferredcity,andyou’llstudywithandbefriendotherinternationalstudents.OurEnglishLearningProgrammes·LearnEnglishinUniversitiesCourseshavebeendevelopedinpartnershipwithfamousuniversitiesinAustraliatoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills.Youwillgettoexperiencecampuslifeabroad.·SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeTheseintensiveEnglishclassesarehostedindifferentlanguageschoolsalongtheeastcoast.Talktoourprogrammeadviserstochoosethebestlocation.·One-on-OneTutoringOurprogrammeorganizestailoredlearningexperiencesbasedonyourEnglishlearninggoals.YouwillliveinlocalfamiliesandhavechancestopractiseyouroralEnglish.·HighSchoolStudyAbroadTherearefewthingsinlifewhichcanmakeyoufeelmoregrown-uplikelivingandlearninginanothercountry.Packthiswithmanyfunculturalactivities.AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.FourstepstogetintoourEnglishlearningprogrammesStepOne:Reviewtheprogrammeinformationandcompleteouronlineapplicationformtogettheballrolling.StepTwo:Youwillhavea15-mininterviewwithyourprogrammeadvisertodiscussyourinterests,needs,destinationandduration.Withinthreedaysaftertheinterview,theadviserwillbeintouchbyemailtoletyouknowifyourapplicationhasbeensuccessful.Ifso,we’llsendyouaformaloffer.StepThree:Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogrammeyou’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.Oncethishasbeendone,we’llsendyouthedocumentscontainingalltheinformationyou’llneedregardingyourstudytrip.StepFour:Onceyourflightshavebeenbooked,letusknowyourarrivaldetailssothatwecanorganizeairportpick-up.We’llbeexcitedtowelcomeyoutoourprogrammeinperson! 21.IfHenrywantstotryabiologyclasstaughtinEnglish,hemayjoinin________.A.LearnEnglishinUniversitiesB.SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeC.One-on-OneTutoringD.HighSchoolStudyAbroad22.Whatshouldapplicantsdoafterreceivingaformaloffer?A.Replytotheletterandpaythecostforthestudytrip.B.Getintouchwiththeorganizertoconfirmthedestination.C.Reviewprogrammeinformationtoprepareforaninterview.D.Providetheprogrammeadviserwithpersonalneedsandgoals.23.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage?A.PeopleplanningtoimprovetheirEnglish.B.PeoplewillingtoapplyforEnglishteachingjobs.C.Peopleaimingtohelplearnersgoabroad.D.PeoplelovingtoshareEnglishlearningexperiences.BInmyeyesmymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解開)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforall-beefLasagna.Igaveherverysimpleverbal(口頭的)instructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineandtypein“recipeforall-beefLasagna.”Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(圖標(biāo)).Iwentovertothecomputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Ikeyedinthecorrectspelling.Yetanotherfifteenminuteswentbyagainwhenmymothergingerlytappedmyshoulder.Istormednextdoorwithoutbotheringtohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowtoscrolldownthepage.Whathadinitiallyseemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingherembarrassment,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendless questions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?24.Theauthor’smothercouldn’tfindtherecipeonlinemainlybecauseshewas________.A.unfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternetBgivenunclearinstructionsbytheauthorCtoodependentonherfamilymembersD.impatientatsearchingfortherecipe25.Whydidtheauthorprinttherecipesforhismotheratlast?A.Becausehewaspleasedtohelphismotherout.B.Becausehedidn’twanthismothertobeembarrassed.C.Becausehewasfedupwithhismother’sinterruption.D.Becausehethoughthismotherfavoredtheprintedversion.26.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Itiswisetoteachothersbyexamples.B.Forgivingothersisequaltoblessingoneself.C.Patienceandperseverancewillbefinallyrewarded.D.Puttingyourselfinothers’shoesisthekeytounderstanding.CThetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.Buteventheadvancedhuman-machineinterfaces(人機(jī)交互)usedtodayareunabletotrickthelistenersintothinkingacomputerisahuman.Whyisthis?Simplyput,it’sbecausehumanbeingsrelyonmorethanwordstoconveyideasorinterpretmessages,suchastones,facialexpressions,bodymovements,andobjectsintheworldaroundthem.Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthat theartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon’tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven’tbeenpractisingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans,suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy(侵犯隱私)．Whenpeopleusecertainspeech-recognitionapplications,theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections,yourspeechissentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitaltrailmayleadtodatamining,orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow,however,thecontinuingevolutionofspeech-recognitionsoftwareisworthexpecting.Leadingcompaniesinthefieldhopetomakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible,justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanaVPAdo?A.Entertainuserswithoriginaljokes.B.Makepeopleregarditasahuman.C.Holdpreprogrammedconversations.D.Displaytherighttonesinconversations.28.Whichsituationreflectstheconcernsmentionedinthepassage?A.OneVPAservicewaspricedhigherforprotectingusers’privacy.B.AnairlineborehighcostsforapplyingVPAstoitsonlineservice.C.Anappfailedtooffertherightdirectionwhengivenspokeninstructions.D.SometeenagersbecamemoresociallyawkwardduetotheaddictiontoVPAs.29.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersofthedouble-edgedqualityofanewtechnology.B.Toinspirereaderstoexplorethefutureofanewtechnology.C.Topromotetheapplicationofanewtechnology.D.Tostresstheconvenienceofanewtechnology.30.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheworriesoverVPAs.B.Talkingtotechnology.C.Theworldoftechnology.D.Listeningto“arealperson.”DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscription-based(訂閱)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansbegantoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone. Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress,andthetraditionalsubscription-basedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,oneofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:OneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlan-S.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetocomplainthatPlan-Sdeprives(剝奪)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystembeganin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean?A.Uncertain.B.Rooted.C.Limited.D.Popular.32.WhatisthecoreoffailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thedurationofthecontract.B.Thewayofpayment.C.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.D.Thechoiceoflicensedjournals.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicswelcomeopenaccessmodelwithfullheart.B.Openaccessmodelwillsoonachieveadominantposition.C.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually. D.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Disapproving.D.Indifferent.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyWeListentoMusicwithLyrics(歌詞)WeDon’tUnderstandFromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.____35____.Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.Butwhy?Itallstartswithwhat’scalled“soundsymbolism(語音表意),”whichreferstothestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenutterances(發(fā)聲)andtheirmeaning.Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.____36____.Thismightexplainwhywearefondofasongevenwithoutknowingitslyrics.____37____.Oneexampleofsuchtechniquesisscale(音階).Songsinmajorscalesarebrighterorhappier,whileminorscalesusuallysoundslightlydarkerorbluer.Ourbrainiswiredtorespondtoacertainsound,andourbreathingandevenourmovementgowiththesoundwehear.____38____.Besides,elementsofsoundandmusic,likepitch,melodyorharmony,alsohaveanaffective,emotional,andevenphysicalimpactonlisteners.Throughacomplexoftheseelements,musicaddssomuchmeaninganddimensiontolyrics.Thatistosay,thecombinationofallthesecreatesthemeaningfarbeyondthelyrics’dictionarymeaning.____39____.Lyricsarepowerfultoolsforhelpingusrecognise,expressandreflectouremotions.Allinall,there’svalueinwhateverimmediateappealwefindinthemusicwelistento,whetherornotweunderstandthewords.Music,afterall,isauniversallanguage.A.Theinterrelationshipofmelodyandpitchisimportant.B.Thisiswhyfast-pacedmusicissopopularforrunning.C.Ofcourse,thisisn’ttoignoretheimportanceoflyricsinmusic.D.Thingslikeamusician’simagealsohelpconveymeaningthroughsongs.E.So,whenlisteningtoaforeignsong,weenjoythelyricsassoundsandnotwords.F.Itseemsthatnotknowingthelanguageofthelyricsdoesn’tstopusfromlikingasong.G.Somemusicaltechniquesandelementscanalsohelpconveycertainmoodsandmessages.第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分) 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。HowtoStopOverthinkingWeallhavetimeswhenweworry,whetherit’saboutwork,health,family,relationshipsorahostofotherreasons.Butisthereapointwhenyoumaythinkandworrytoomuch?Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.Forexample,wemaystartworryingaboutaspecificsituationatwork,whichleadstoworryingaboutmoneyorlosingjobs.Butwhydowetendtooverthink?Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation.Althoughoverthinkingishardtobreak,NatachaDuke,aregisteredpsychotherapist,outlinesstrategiesthatcanhelp.“Healthydistractioncanbeuseful,”saysDuke.Activitieslikereadingandtakingawalkcanhelpkeepourstresslevelsdown.Theycanreduceourbaselinelevelofanxietyandmakeuslesslikelytooverthink.Dukeadds,“Keepingadailyjournalcanhelpusactivelymanagestressbeforeourfeelingsexpandoutofcontrol.”Aswepractisejournalingouremotionsandthoughts,itbecomeseasiertoidentifywhenwe’restartingtoworry.Stoppingworryingearlywillultimatelyhelpusfeelbetterandstayfocusedonwhatmattersmosttous.Somepeopleconstantlythinkaboutquestionslike“WhatifIlosemyjob?”or“WhatifIgetsick?”Whilehavingthesethoughtsisnormal,itbecomesaproblemwhenwefocusonlyontheworst-casesituation.“Forevery‘whatif’worry,changethistoan‘ifthen’statementwhereyoucomeupwithideastodealwiththeworryortheworst-casesituation,”saysDuke.“Focusonhavingaconcreteplaninplace.”So,facetheproblems,thenchallengeandreframethem.Finally,wewilldevelopeffectivewaystocopewithoverthinking.40.Whatisoverthinking?________________41.Whatcausesoverthinking?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Amancanstopoverthinkingifhechanges“whatif”questionsto“ifthen”statements,becauseithelpshimfocusontheworst-casesituation.________________43.Besidesthesuggestionsmentionedinthepassage,whatotheradvicewillyougivetoapersonwhoisalwaysoverthinking? ________________第二節(jié)(20分)44.假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。為了豐富生活，你所在的班級(jí)開展了“家務(wù)小能手”主題展示活動(dòng)。你的英國(guó)好友Jim得知情況后，來信詢問有關(guān)信息。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1．活動(dòng)內(nèi)容;2．收獲及感受。提示詞：家務(wù)小能手展示活動(dòng)HouseworkTalentShow注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右;2．開頭和結(jié)尾己給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua