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1、ⅠFilltheblank*DefinitionofTranslationInthelightofpopularorientation方向,目標(biāo):translationistoexpress(sthspokenoresp.written)inanotherlanguageorinsimplewords.1、Translationisakindofcross-language,cross-culturecommunicationbytransferringthemeaningcarriedbyon

2、elanguageanditscultureintoanotherlanguageanditsculture翻譯是將一種語言文化承載的意義轉(zhuǎn)換到另一種語言文化中的跨語言、跨文化的交際活動。2、Translatingconsistsinreproducing?復(fù)制;重現(xiàn)inthereceptor受體languagetheclosestnaturalequivalent相等的ofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyinte

3、rmsofstyle.所謂翻譯,是指從語義到文體,在譯語中用最切近而又最自然的對等語再現(xiàn)原語的信息,首先是意義上的對等,其次是風(fēng)格上的對等3、Translatingisrendering翻譯themeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.4、Translationistheproductionofafunctionaltargettextmaintainingarelationshipwithagivens

4、ourcetextthatisspecified詳述；指定accordingtotheintendedordemandedfunctionofthetargettext.翻譯是創(chuàng)作使其發(fā)揮某種功能的譯語文本。它與其原語文本保持的聯(lián)系將根據(jù)譯文預(yù)期或所要求的功能得以具體化。*BasicconceptsofSkopostheorie1、SkoposisaGreekwordfor“purpose”.2、AccordingtoSkopostheorie,theprimeprincipledetermin

5、inganytranslationprocessisthepurposeoftheoveralltranslationalaction3、Tosaythatanactionisintentionalistopresuppose預(yù)先假定,假設(shè)theexistenceoffreewillandachoicebetweenatleasttwopossibleformsofbehaviour.Oneformofbehaviourisnevertheless仍然,然而,不過heldtobemoreappr

6、opriatethantheotherinordertoattain實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到,得到theintendedgoalorpurpose.4、Wecandistinguishbetweenthreepossiblekindsofpurposeinthefieldoftranslation:①thegeneralpurposeaimedatbythetranslatorinthetranslationprocess(perhaps“toearnaliving”)②thecommunicativepur

7、poseaimedatbythetargettextinthetargetsituation(perhaps“toinstructthereader”)③thepurposeaimedatbyaparticulartranslationstrategyorprocedure(forexample,“totranslateliterallyinordertoshowthestructuralparticularitiesofthesourcelanguage”)Nevertheless,thete

8、rmSkoposusuallyreferstothepurposeofthetargettext5、Thetop-rankingruleforanytranslationisthusthe“Skoposrule”,whichsaysthatatranslationalactionisdeterminedbyitsSkopos;thatis,theendjustifiesthemeans.6、ThelandmarksoftheGermanSchooloffunctionalisttranslati