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專題01閱讀理解(說明文)高頻話題01人與自然—人與動植物Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中Groupsofreindeer,aspeciesofdeer,andhorsescouldsoonrunacrossthefrozen(冷凍的)groundinplacesasfarnorthasSiberia.That’sbecausereintroducingthesegrazinganimals(食草動物)canslowdowntherateofpermafrostmelting(永凍土融化)andglobalwarming.AnewstudyconductedbyProfessorChristianBeerhasfoundthatifthereareenoughanimalsintheArctic,80%ofthepermafrostcouldbekeptuntilatleast2100.ItwasinspiredbyanexperimentcarriedoutbyascientistnamedSergeyZimov.HehadbelievedthatbecauseofthewarmingclimateoftheArcticregion,themeltingpermafrostwouldgiveoffgreenhousegasesthathadbeentrappedinthesoilforthousandsofyears,anditwouldincreasetheamountofwarmingandstartanendlesscycle.20yearsago,bythePleistoceneParkExperiment,hesuccessfullyprovedthatgrazinganimalsrunningacrossthelandwouldbreakupthesnowandhelpfreezethesoil.However,hefailedtogethisscientificpaperspublished.Butnowscientistsaretakinghiswarningseriously.Accordingtoasurvey,1.7billiontonsofcarbondioxideweregivenofffrommeltingpermafrostbetween2003and2017,whichchangedtheArcticfrombeingaplacethattookincarbondioxideintoaplacethatgaveoffcarbondioxide.Ifuncontrolled,therewouldbea7-degreeincreaseinthepermafrosttemperaturethatwouldcausehalfofittomeltby2100.Fortunately,Beer’sstudyshowsthatmostofthepermafrostcanbekeptiftheplaceisrepopulatedwithgrazinganimals.“Today,wehaveanaverageof5reindeerpersquarekilometeracrosstheArctic.With15reindeerpersquarekilometer,wecouldsave70%ofthepermafrost.Ifwewereabletomaintainthehighanimaldensity(密度)likeinZimov’sPleistocenePark,wouldthatbegoodenoughtosavepermafrostunderthestrongestwarming?Yes,itcouldworkfor80%oftheregion,”saidBeer.1.WhyarethegrazinganimalsreintroducedtotheArctic?A.Tospeedupthemelting.B.Toprotectthepermafrost.C.Tohelpcarryoutresearch.D.Togetridofglobalwarming.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph2referto?A.Globalwarming.B.Thegrazinganimal.C.TheArcticpermafrost.D.ChristianBeer’sresearch.3.Whatwillhappenifthepermafrostcontinuesmelting?學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 A.Grazinganimalsmaygoextinct.B.Morecarbondioxidewillbetakenin.C.Itwillsetmoregreenhousegasesfree.D.Thetemperaturemaygodownquickly.4.WhatdoesChristianBeerthinkofthereintroductionofgrazinganimals?A.Ittakesalotoftimeandeffort.B.Itcanleadtoapromisingresult.C.Itcontributesmuchtobiodiversity.D.Ithelpsthepermafrosttotakeform.【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了ChristianBeer教授進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果北極有足夠的動物，80%的永久凍土可以保存到至少2100年。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“That’sbecausereintroducingthesegrazinganimals(食草動物)canslowdowntherateofpermafrostmelting(永凍土融化)andglobalwarming.(這是因?yàn)橹匦乱M(jìn)這些食草動物可以減緩永久凍土融化和全球變暖的速度。)”可知，食草動物被重新引進(jìn)引入北極是為了減緩永久凍土融化，即保護(hù)永久凍土。故選B。2.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“AnewstudyconductedbyProfessorChristianBeerhasfoundthatifthereareenoughanimalsintheArctic,80%ofthepermafrostcouldbekeptuntilatleast2100.(ChristianBeer教授進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果北極有足夠的動物，80%的永久凍土可以保存到至少2100年)”和劃線單詞所在句子“ItwasinspiredbyanexperimentcarriedoutbyascientistnamedSergeyZimov.(它的靈感來自于一位名叫SergeyZimov的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn))”可推知，it代指上文提到的ChristianBeer的研究。故選D。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“HehadbelievedthatbecauseofthewarmingclimateoftheArcticregion,themeltingpermafrostwouldgiveoffgreenhousegasesthathadbeentrappedinthesoilforthousandsofyears,anditwouldincreasetheamountofwarmingandstartanendlesscycle.(他相信，由于北極地區(qū)的氣候變暖，融化的永久凍土?xí)尫懦雎癫卦谕寥乐袛?shù)千年的溫室氣體，這會加劇氣候變暖，并開始無休止的循環(huán))”可知，如果永久凍土繼續(xù)融化，它將釋放更多的溫室氣體。故選C。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Today,wehaveanaverageof5reindeerpersquarekilometeracrosstheArctic.With15reindeerpersquarekilometer,wecouldsave70%ofthepermafrost.Ifwewereabletomaintainthehighanimaldensity(密度)likeinZimov’sPleistocenePark,wouldthatbegoodenoughtosavepermafrostunderthestrongestwarming?Yes,itcouldworkfor80%oftheregion,”saidBeer.(“今天，我們在北極地區(qū)平均每平方千米有5只馴鹿。如果每個(gè)平方千米養(yǎng)15只馴鹿，我們就可以拯救70%的永久凍土。如果我們能夠像齊莫夫的PleistocenePark學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 那樣保持高動物密度，這是否足以在全球變暖最嚴(yán)重的情況下拯救永久凍土？是的，它可以適用于該地區(qū)80%的地區(qū)，”Beer說)”可知，ChristianBeer認(rèn)為重新引入食草動物能在全球變暖最嚴(yán)重的情況下拯救永久凍土。由此推知，他認(rèn)為引進(jìn)食草動物會帶來一個(gè)有希望的結(jié)果。故選B。Passage22022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇南京·高一南京師大附中?？计谥蠱anyimportantdecisionscomedowntoachoicebetweenkeepingthesupposedsafetyandriskinggoingoutforachanceatgettingsomethingevenbetter.Thoughrisk-takingpreferencesvarybetweenindividuals,researchwithhumansshowsthatwe’reallgenerallylesswillingtotakerisksinsituationswithmoreambiguous(不確定的)outcomes.“Thefindingshouldalsoapplytorisk-takinginchimps(黑猩猩)，oneofourclosestevolutionary(進(jìn)化的)ancestors,”saidHaux,fromMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanDevelopment.Totesttheevolutionaryrootsofhumanriskpreference,Hauxandhiscolleaguesmeasured55chimpslivinginreservesfortheirriskyandambiguouschoicesinanexperimentalsetting.Ineachtrial,theychoseaballfromoneoftwopots.Onepotwasalwayssafebecauseitcontainedtwoballsfilledwithonepeanuteach.Intheriskycondition,thesecondpotalsocontainedtwoballs,butonewasfilledwithtwopeanutsandtheotherwithnothing.Intheambiguouscondition,theballsinthesecondpotstillcontainedtworewardsornothing,butthechimpscouldn’tseethecontentsinthepot.Onaverage,chimpschosetheriskypotoverthesafepot55%ofthetimebutchosetheambiguouspotoverthesafepotinjust25%oftrials.Thissuggeststhatchimps,likehumans,prefertoavoidsituationswithambiguousversusknownrisks.“Structuralsimilaritiesinriskpreferencesofhumansandoneofourclosestlivingrelativesarelikelytoreflectadaptationstosimilarchangesinevolution.Whilemanyotherfactorsmayinfluencehumanrisk-takingpreferences,theparallelsbetweenhumanandchimpbehaviorsuggestthatevolutionaryadaptationshavehelpedsetaconsistent(一致的)baseline,”Hauxsaid.Futureworkwillcomparehowtherisk-takingpreferencesofchimpslivinginreservesmaydifferfromthoselivinginzoosorinthewild,aswellashowtheycomparetothoseofbonobos,anothercloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans,Hauxadded.5.Whatwasthepurposeoftheresearchonchimps?A.Tocomparetheirintelligencelevelwithhumans’.B.Toprovethatchimpsaremorewillingtotakerisks.C.Totestthetheevolutionaryrootsofhumanriskpreference.D.Tofindoutthedifferencesbetweenhumansandchimps.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 6.Whichillustratestheriskyconditionintheexperimentalsetting?A.B.C.D.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“parallels”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Conflicts.B.Interactions.C.Misunderstandings.D.Similarities.8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Hauxissatisfiedwiththecurrentresearch.B.Otheranimalswillbestudiedformoreevidence.C.Theresearchtopicwillbeshiftedtoanotherfield.D.Bonoboswillbestudiedbecausetheyliveinthewild.【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。為了檢驗(yàn)人類冒險(xiǎn)偏好的進(jìn)化根源，Haux和他的同事在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中測量了55只生活在保護(hù)區(qū)的黑猩猩的冒險(xiǎn)和模糊選擇。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑猩猩和人類一樣，更喜歡避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模糊的情況。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句“Totesttheevolutionaryrootsofhumanriskpreference,Hauxandhiscolleaguesmeasured55chimpslivinginreservesfortheirriskyandambiguouschoicesinanexperimentalsetting.(為了檢驗(yàn)人類冒險(xiǎn)偏好的進(jìn)化根源，Haux和他的同事們在實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境中測量了55只生活在保護(hù)區(qū)的黑猩猩的冒險(xiǎn)和模糊選擇)”可知，對黑猩猩進(jìn)行研究的目的是為了檢驗(yàn)人類冒險(xiǎn)偏好的進(jìn)化根源。故選C項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的句子“Intheriskycondition,thesecondpotalsocontainedtwoballs,butonewasfilledwithtwopeanutsandtheotherwithnothing.(在冒險(xiǎn)的條件下，第二個(gè)罐子里也有兩個(gè)球，但一個(gè)里面裝滿了兩顆花生，另一個(gè)什么也沒有)”可知，第二個(gè)圖的內(nèi)容與實(shí)驗(yàn)的描述項(xiàng)符合。故選B項(xiàng)。7.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中Haux所說的第一句“Structuralsimilaritiesinriskpreferencesofhumansandoneofourclosestlivingrelativesarelikelytoreflectadaptationstosimilarchangesinevolution.(人類和我們最親近的親緣動物之一在冒險(xiǎn)偏好上的結(jié)構(gòu)相似性可能反映了對進(jìn)化中類似變化的適應(yīng))”和單詞parallel后面的“betweenhumanandchimpbehaviorsuggestthatevolutionaryadaptationshavehelpedsetaconsistentbaseline(人類和黑猩猩之間的行為的……學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 表明，進(jìn)化適應(yīng)有助于建立一致的基線)”可知，此處說的是人類和黑猩猩之間的相似性，parallels和上一句中的similarities是對應(yīng)的。故選D項(xiàng)。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Futureworkwillcomparehowtherisk-takingpreferencesofchimpslivinginreservesmaydifferfromthoselivinginzoosorinthewild,aswellashowtheycomparetothoseofbonobos,anothercloseevolutionaryrelativeofhumans,Hauxadded.(Haux補(bǔ)充說，未來的工作將比較生活在保護(hù)區(qū)的黑猩猩與生活在動物園或野外的黑猩猩的冒險(xiǎn)偏好有何不同，以及它們與人類的另一個(gè)近親——倭黑猩猩的冒險(xiǎn)偏好有何不同)”可以推論出，研究人員還會研究其它動物以獲得更多證據(jù)。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇蘇州·高一江蘇省木瀆高級中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期中Kangarooscancommunicatewithhumans,accordingtoanewstudy.Thereportisthefirstresearchofthiskindtobedoneonmarsupials—atypeofmammalwhoseyounggetcarriedinpouches(育兒袋)ontheirmother’sbody.Itsuggestskangaroosareclevererthanpreviouslythought.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofRoehamptonintheUKandtheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliatestedkangaroosatthreelocations--theAustralianReptilePark,WildlifeSydneyZooandKangarooProtectionCo-operative.Thescientistsputfoodinaboxthatthekangarooscouldnotopen,andwaitedtoseewhattheanimalswoulddo.Ratherthangivingup,10outofthe11kangaroosactivelylookedatthepersonwhohadputthefoodintheboxandthenlookedatthebox.Theresearcherssaidthiscouldbeinterpretedasthekangaroosrequestinghelptoopenthecontainer.DrAlexandraGreen,aco-authorofthestudy,toldTheGuardiannewspaperthatsomeofthekangaroosactuallyapproachedthepersonandstartedscratchingandsniffingthem,thenlookedbackatthebox.“Sotheywerereallytryingtocommunicate,”Greensaid.Thisbehaviourisnotuncommoninanimals.However,itisusuallyonlyseenindomesticatedanimals.Domesticatedmeansanimalsthathavebeenbred(飼養(yǎng))tolivealongsidepeople,suchaspetsorfarmanimals.Theleadauthorofthestudy,DrAlanMcElligott,explained,“Throughthisstudy,wewereabletoseethatcommunicationbetweenanimalscanbelearntandthatthebehaviouroflookingathumanstoaccessfoodisnotrelatedtodomestication.”“Indeed,kangaroosshowedaverysimilarpatternofbehaviourwehaveseenindogs,horsesandevengoats,whenputtothesametest,”headded.Itishopedthatthestudywillgivepeopleamorepositiveattitudetowardskangaroos,whicharesometimesseenaspeststhatdamagefarmers’crops.9.Whydidthekangarooslookatthepersonandthenthebox?A.Theywerecurious.B.Theywereaskingforhelp.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 C.Theywereconfusedbythebox.D.Theywereplayingwiththeperson.10.WhatdoesDrAlanMcElligottsayaboutkangaroos’behavior?A.Itisonlyseeninwildanimals.B.Ithasnothingtodowithdomestication.C.Itsetskangaroosapartfromotheranimals.D.Itcanonlybelearnedbydomesticatedanimals.11.Whatpurposeisthestudyexpectedtoserve?A.Protectingfarmers’cropsfromkangaroos.B.Callingonpeopletoprotectkangaroos.C.Changingthewaypeopleseekangaroos.D.Encouragingpeopletodomesticatekangaroos.12.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowkangaroosaccessfoodB.WhyKangaroosareourfriendsC.Kangarooscan“talk”tousD.Kangaroosareclevererthanwethought【答案】9.B10.B11.C12.C【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，袋鼠可以與人類交流。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Ratherthangivingup,10outofthe11kangaroosactivelylookedatthepersonwhohadputthefoodintheboxandthenlookedatthebox.Theresearcherssaidthiscouldbeinterpretedasthekangaroosrequestinghelptoopenthecontainer.(這些袋鼠并沒有放棄，11個(gè)袋鼠中的10個(gè)都積極地看著將食物放在盒子里的那個(gè)人，然后又看著盒子。研究者說，這可以理解為袋鼠在尋求幫助，想要打開這個(gè)盒子。)”可知，袋鼠看了這個(gè)人，然后又看了盒子的原因是，它們在尋求幫助，故選B。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Theleadauthorofthestudy,DrAlanMcElligott,explained,“Throughthisstudy,wewereabletoseethatcommunicationbetweenanimalscanbelearntandthatthebehaviouroflookingathumanstoaccessfoodisnotrelatedtodomestication.”(該研究的主要作者AlanMcElligott解釋道：‘通過這項(xiàng)研究，我們可以看到動物之間的交流是可以學(xué)習(xí)的，而且看著人類獲取食物的行為與馴化無關(guān)。’)”可知，AlanMcElligott認(rèn)為袋鼠的行為與馴化無關(guān)，故選B。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Itishopedthatthestudywillgivepeopleamorepositiveattitudetowardskangaroos,whicharesometimesseenaspeststhatdamagefarmers’crops.(希望這項(xiàng)研究能夠讓人們對袋鼠有更積極的態(tài)度，因?yàn)榇笥袝r(shí)被視為破壞農(nóng)作物的害蟲。)”可推知，這項(xiàng)研究的在于改變?nèi)藗儗Υ髴T有的態(tài)度，希望不再將袋鼠看作是破壞農(nóng)作物的害蟲，故選C。學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Kangarooscancommunicatewithhumans,accordingtoanewstudy.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，袋鼠可以與人類交流。)”可知，本篇文章主要講述了新的研究表明袋鼠可以與人類交流，并介紹了研究的過程，故C項(xiàng)“袋鼠可以與我們‘說話’”符合文章標(biāo)題，故選C。Passage42022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇連云港·高一統(tǒng)考期中Someofthetallconifers(針葉樹)thathavegrownupinCalifornia’sSierraNevadaarenolongersuitablefortheclimatetheylivein,newresearchhasshown.Althoughthereareconifersinthoseareasnow,Hillandotherresearcherssuggestedthatasthetreesdieout,they’llbereplacedwithothertypesofplantsbettersuitedtotheenvironmentalconditions.Theteamestimatedthatabout20%ofallSierraNevadaconifertreesinCaliforniaarenolongersuitablefortheclimatearoundthemandareindangerofdisappearing.Theycalledthesetrees“zombieforests”.Thatchangeislargelyduetohighertemperaturesandlessrainfallintheselower-elevationareas.Inaddition,humanactivities,suchasloggingandanincreaseinwildfires,haveaneffectonthereductionofconifers.TheSierraNevadaconifersaren’tstandingstill.Theaverageelevation(海拔)ofthetreeshasincreasedoverthepast90years,moving112feetupslope(上坡).AccordingtoHill,thatisbecauselower-elevationconifershavediedwhileconifersathigherelevationswheretheairiscoolerhavebeenabletogrow.Buttheconifers’uphilltrekhasn’tbeenabletokeeppacewiththedramaticincreaseintemperatures.TheresearcherssaidthenumberofSierraNevadaconifersincompatible(不能共處的)withtheirenvironmentscoulddoubleinthenext77years.Tohelpshapepeople’sunderstandingoftheeffectsofclimatechange,Hillandhiscolleaguesdevelopedsomemapswhichshowthestate’s“zombieforests”.“Thesemapsareunique,inthatyoucanputyourfingeronapointanditwillsay,‘Thisarearighthereisexpectedtomoveupslopeduetoclimatechangeinthenearfuture’,andthisbringssomereallydifficultquestionsaboutwhatwewantthislandmanagedfor.Dowetrytoresisttheseupcomingchanges?’’Hilladded.“Conservationistsknow,scientistsknow,somanypeopleknowthatecosystemsarechangingandexpectthemtochangebetter,andpeoplearedealingwiththis.”hesaid.13.WhatmainlycausessomeconifertreesinSierraNevadaindanger?A.Zombieforests.B.Humanactivities.C.Othertypesofplants.D.Environmentalconditions.14.WhatdotheSierraNevadaconifersdotosurvive?學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 A.Theydoubleinnumber.B.Theygiveintotheenvironment.C.Theymovetohigher-elevationareas.D.Theykeeppacewiththerisingtemperatures.15.What’sspecialaboutHill’smaps?A.Theyexplaintheprobleminaudio.B.Theyshowthestate’s“zombieforests”.C.Theypresenttheeffectsofclimatechange.D.Theypersuadepeopletochangetheirminds.16.WhatdoHill’swordsimply?A.Peopleshouldtrytoresistchangestotheecosystem.B.Peopleshouldmakemoreeffortstoimprovetheecosystem.C.Peopleshouldmanagelandforhumankindinsteadofplants.D.Peopleshouldworktogethertodealwiththecurrentproblem.【答案】13.D14.C15.A16.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些生長在加州內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈的高大針葉樹已經(jīng)不再適應(yīng)它們所生活的氣候條件并分析了原因。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Thatchangeislargelyduetohighertemperaturesandlessrainfallintheselower-elevationareas.”(這種變化主要是由于這些低海拔地區(qū)的氣溫升高和降雨量減少)可知，這種變化主要是由于這些地區(qū)的高溫和降雨減少造成的，這一變化屬于環(huán)境影響。故選D項(xiàng)。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句“AccordingtoHill,thatisbecauselower-elevationconifershavediedwhileconifersathigherelevationswheretheairiscoolerhavebeenabletogrow.”(根據(jù)Hill的說法，那是因?yàn)榈秃０蔚貐^(qū)的針葉樹會死亡，而空氣更涼爽的高海拔的針葉樹能夠生長)可知，該針葉樹若想存活，需要向高海拔地區(qū)移動。故選C項(xiàng)。15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Thesemapsareunique,inthatyoucanputyourfingeronapointanditwillsay,‘Thisarearighthereisexpectedtomoveupslopeduetoclimatechangeinthenearfuture’”(這些地圖是獨(dú)特的，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你把手放在地圖某一點(diǎn)時(shí)，它就會說：“由于近期氣候變化，這個(gè)地區(qū)預(yù)計(jì)將向上傾斜”)可知，地圖的特別之處體現(xiàn)在可以用語音講解問題。故選A項(xiàng)。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“TheresearcherssaidthenumberofSierraNevadaconifersincompatible(不能共處的)withtheirenvironmentscoulddoubleinthenext77years.(研究人員表示，內(nèi)華達(dá)山脈與環(huán)境不相容的針葉樹數(shù)量可能在未來77年翻一番)”第四段最后一句學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 “Conservationistsknow,scientistsknow,somanypeopleknowthatecosystemsarechangingandexpectthemtochangebetter,andpeoplearedealingwiththis.”(環(huán)保主義者知道，科學(xué)家知道，所以許多人都知道生態(tài)系統(tǒng)正在變化，并期待它們能變得更好，人們正在應(yīng)對這個(gè)問題)推知，Hill認(rèn)為改善生態(tài)系統(tǒng)需要付出更多的努力。故選B項(xiàng)。高頻話題02人與自然--自然災(zāi)害防范Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇鹽城·高一江蘇省響水中學(xué)校考期中Seismometer(地震儀)stationsnotonlysensegroundshakingduetoearthquakesbutalsosignalsatthesurfaceofourplanet,suchasstormsand—astheresearchersdiscovered—alsofloods.Forthisresearch,scientiststurnedanearthquakeseismometerstationnearthetownofAhrweilerinGermanyintoafloodtrackingtool.Usingseismologicalinformationfromthetimeoftheevent,theycantellpeopleaboutthedisasterinatimelyway.AsthetownofAhrweilertookthefullforceofaflood,scientistsfoundtheseismometerexactlyshowedthetrackofthefloodforonehour.Bycomparingmathematicalmodels,theresearcherswereabletoestimate(估算)thespeedwithwhichthefloodmoved.Infact,thiswastheonlysystematicsourceofmeasurableinformationabouthowtheflooddevelopedbecausethethreepresentwaterlevelstationsinthetownwereoutofserviceearly.Astheresearchshows,thismethodcanprovideinformationthatisvaluabletotrackfloodforwarningandrescueactivities.“Ifthedatafromthatstationisavailable(可用的)andasourresearchnowshows,realtimeinformationonthemagnitudeandspeedofthefloodwillbeavailableaswell,”saysDrMichaelDietzeattheUniversityofGottingen.“As10%ofEurope’ssurfaceareaislikelytosufferfromrapidfloodingbyrivers,wemaywanttostartthinkingaboutnewwaysoffloodearlywarning.Thepresentnetworkofwaterlevelstationsisnotenoughtobefullypreparedforfutureevents,”Dietzeadds.Dietzeandhisteamareworkingonaplantodiscoverfurtherareasatriskoffloodingandprovidethemwithlowcost“watchtower”scismometerpairs--anefforttocutthelossescausedbyfuturefloods.Dietzesays,“ThedeadlyJulyfloodthathittheAhrweilerinGermanyinJuly2021gaveawarningtothelocals,thegovernment,emergencyservicesandscientists--howmuchweneedtolearntoimprovethepresentfloodwarningsystems.”1.WhatcanbeknownaboutAhrweiler?A.Itsawanearthquake.B.It’sturnedintoastation.C.It’shardhitbyafloodD.Itpraisedthesescientists.2.Whatdotheresearchersexpectoftheseismometer?A.It’llspeedupwatersupply.B.It’llstoprapidflooding.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 C.It’llbeatoolforafamily.D.It’llprovideearlywarning.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Peoplewillcutthecostofpublicservices.B.Effortsshouldbeputintofloodcontrol.C.Thegovernmentmustsaveitsspending.D.Thelocalshavemadeaplanofaction.4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Ahealthreport.B.Aguidebook.C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencemagazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——地震儀可用于洪水監(jiān)測預(yù)警。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AsthetownofAhrweilertookthefullforceofaflood,scientistsfoundtheseismometerexactlyshowedthetrackofthefloodforonehour.(當(dāng)Ahrweiler鎮(zhèn)承受了洪水的全部力量時(shí)，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)地震儀在一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地顯示了洪水的軌跡)”可知，Ahrweiler遭受了猛烈的洪水侵襲。故選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Usingseismologicalinformationfromthetimeoftheevent,theycantellpeopleaboutthedisasterinatimelyway.(利用地震發(fā)生時(shí)的地震信息，他們可以及時(shí)地告訴人們?yōu)碾y的情況)”及第三段“Astheresearchshows,thismethodcanprovideinformationthatisvaluabletotrackfloodforwarningandrescueactivities.(研究表明，該方法可為洪水跟蹤預(yù)警和救援活動提供有價(jià)值的信息)”可知，研究人員希望地震儀可以提供預(yù)警信息。故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThedeadlyJulyfloodthathittheAhrweilerinGermanyinJuly2021gaveawarningtothelocals,thegovernment,emergencyservicesandscientists—howmuchweneedtolearntoimprovethepresentfloodwarningsystems.(2021年7月，德國Ahrweiler發(fā)生了致命的7月洪水，給當(dāng)?shù)厝?、政府、?yīng)急服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)和科學(xué)家們敲響了警鐘——我們需要學(xué)習(xí)多少東西來改善目前的洪水預(yù)警系統(tǒng))”可推斷，還需把更多精力投入到未來防洪工作中。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Seismometer(地震儀)stationsnotonlysensegroundshakingduetoearthquakesbutalscsignalsatthesurfaceofourplanet,suchasstormsand—astheresearchersdiscovered—alsofloods.Forthisresearch,scientiststurnedanearthquakeseismometerstationnearthetownofAhrweilerinGermanyintoafloodtrackingtool.Usingseismologicalinformationfromthetimeoftheevent,theycantellpeopleaboutthedisasterinatimelyway.(地震儀站不僅能探測到地震引起的地面震動，還能探測到地球表面的信號，比如風(fēng)暴，還有研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)的洪水。在這項(xiàng)研究中，科學(xué)家們把德國阿赫韋勒鎮(zhèn)附近的一個(gè)地震檢波器站變成了一個(gè)洪水跟蹤工具。利用地震發(fā)生時(shí)的地震信息，他們可以及時(shí)地告訴人們?yōu)碾y的情況)”學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——地震儀可用于洪水監(jiān)測預(yù)警，故文章可能出自一本科學(xué)雜志。故選D。Passage22022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇徐州·高一統(tǒng)考期中Earthquakeforecastingisoneofthemostancientskillsknowntomankind.FromancientGreecetothepresentday,countlessscientistshavetriedtodeveloptoolstopredictearthquakes.Theirattemptsusuallyfocusedonsearchingforreliableevidencesofcomingquakes.However,therearemanyreasonswhypredictingquakesissohard.“Wedon’tunderstandsomebasicphysicsofearthquakes,”saidEgill,aresearchprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Scientistshavealsoattemptedtocreatemathematicalmodelsofmovement,butpreciselypredictingwouldrequiregreatmappingandanalysisoftheEarth’scrust.Otherchallengesincludealackofdataontheearlywarningsigns,giventhatthesewarningsignsarenotyetentirelyunderstood.Actually,realearthquakepredictionisverysimilartothediagnosisofpotentialhumanillnessesbasedonobservingandanalyzingeachpatient’ssignsandsymptoms.Asitturnsout,quakepredictionisextremelydifficult.ManysourcesshowthatearthquakeforecastingwasarecognizedscienceinancientGreece.AncientGreekslivedveryclosetonatureandwereabletodetectunusualphenomenaandforecastearthquakes.ThefirstknownforecastwasmadebyPherecydesofSyrosabout2500yearsago:hemadeitashescoopedwaterfromawellandnoticedthatusuallyverycleanwaterhadsuddenlybecomemuddy.Indeed,anearthquakeoccurredtwodayslater,makingPherecydesfamous.Nowadays,seismicandremote-sensingmethodsareconsideredtohavethegreatestpotentialintermsofsolvingtheearthquakepredictionproblem.Currently,TerraSeismiccanidentifyaforthcomingearthquakewithahighlevelofconfidence.Generally,TerraSeismicdoesnotpredictaquakeiftheearthquake’sepicenterislocatedbeyondadepthof40km.Fortunately,suchquakesarealmostalwaysharmless,sincequake’senergyreducesbeforereachingtheEarth’ssurface.“Scientistshavetriedeverypossiblemethodtotrytopredictearthquakes,”Bruneausaid.“Nobodyhasbeenabletocrackitandmakeabelievableprediction.”5.Whyisearthquakeforecastingsodifficult?A.Somebasicphysicsofearthquakesisunknown.B.Dataonearlywarningsignsarefullyunderstood.C.MappingandanalysisoftheEarth’scrustareimpossible.D.Earthquakepredictionisthesameasthediagnosisofhumanillness.6.WhydoestheauthorgivetheexampleofPherecydes?A.ToexplainwhyPherecydeswasfamous.B.ToexplainAncientGreekslivedveryclosetonature.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 C.Toshowearthquakeforecastingisasciencewithalonghistory.D.Toshowremote-sensingmethodsarethebestsolutiontoearthquakeprediction.7.WhatdoesBruneaumeaninparagraph4?A.Scientistshavemethodstopredictearthquake.B.TerraSeismiccanpredictanearthquake.C.Somequakesareharmlessifquake’senergyisreleased.D.Scientistshavenoreliablemethodtopredictanearthquake.8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thereasonsforearthquakeforecasting.B.Thehistoryofearthquakeforecasting.C.Themethodsofearthquakeforecasting.D.Thefutureofearthquakeforecasting.【答案】5.A6.C7.D8.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了地震預(yù)報(bào)是古老的技能，解釋了地震預(yù)報(bào)困難的原因以及地震預(yù)報(bào)的歷史和方法等。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,therearemanyreasonswhypredictingquakesissohard.“Wedon’tunderstandsomebasicphysicsofearthquakes,”saidEgill,aresearchprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.(然而，預(yù)測地震如此困難的原因有很多。“我們不了解地震的一些基本物理原理，”加州理工學(xué)院的研究教授Egill說)”可知，地震預(yù)報(bào)如此困難是因?yàn)榈卣鸬囊恍┗疚锢碓砩胁磺宄?。故選A。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ManysourcesshowthatearthquakeforecastingwasarecognizedscienceinancientGreece.AncientGreekslivedveryclosetonatureandwereabletodetectunusualphenomenaandforecastearthquakes.ThefirstknownforecastwasmadebyPherecydesofSyrosabout2500yearsago:hemadeitashescoopedwaterfromawellandnoticedthatusuallyverycleanwaterhadsuddenlybecomemuddy.Indeed,anearthquakeoccurredtwodayslater,makingPherecydesfamous.(許多資料表明，地震預(yù)報(bào)在古希臘是一門公認(rèn)的科學(xué)。古希臘人生活在與自然非常接近的地方，他們能夠探測到不尋常的現(xiàn)象并預(yù)測地震。已知的第一個(gè)預(yù)測是在2500年前由Syros的Pherecydes做出的：當(dāng)他從一口井里舀水時(shí)，他注意到通常非常干凈的水突然變得泥濘。事實(shí)上，兩天后發(fā)生了地震，Pherecydes因此而出名)”可推知，作者舉Pherecydes的例子是為了表明地震預(yù)報(bào)是一門歷史悠久的科學(xué)。故選C。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Scientistshavetriedeverypossiblemethodtotrytopredictearthquakes,”Bruneausaid.“Nobodyhasbeenabletocrackitandmakeabelievableprediction.”(Bruneau說：“科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)嘗試了所有可能的方法來預(yù)測地震。沒有人能夠破解它，做出可信的預(yù)測?！?”可推知，Bruneau在第4段中的意思是科學(xué)家沒有可靠的方法來預(yù)測地震。故選D。學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Earthquakeforecastingisoneofthemostancientskillsknowntomankind.FromancientGreecetothepresentday,countlessscientistshavetriedtodeveloptoolstopredictearthquakes.Theirattemptsusuallyfocusedonsearchingforreliableevidencesofcomingquakes.(地震預(yù)報(bào)是人類已知的最古老的技能之一。從古希臘到現(xiàn)在，無數(shù)的科學(xué)家試圖開發(fā)預(yù)測地震的工具。他們的努力通常集中在尋找即將發(fā)生地震的可靠證據(jù)上)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了地震預(yù)報(bào)是古老的技能，解釋了地震預(yù)報(bào)困難的原因以及地震預(yù)報(bào)的歷史和方法等?？芍?，這篇文章的主旨是地震預(yù)報(bào)方法。故選C。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇徐州·高一徐州市第一中學(xué)?？计谥蠥satelliteisabouttodemonstrateanewwayofcapturingspacejunkwithmagnetsforthefirsttime.Withthefrequencyofspacelaunchesdramaticallyincreasinginrecentyears,thepotentialforadisastrouscollisionaboveEarthiscontinuallygrowing.Now,Japaneseorbitalclean-upcompanyAstroscaleistestingapotentialsolution.Thefirm’sEnd-of-LifeServicesbyAstroscaledemonstrationmissionisscheduledtoliftoffon20MarchaboardaRussianSoyuzrocket.Itconsistsoftwospacecraft:asmaller“client”satelliteandalarger“servicer”satellite,or“chaser”.Thesmallersatelliteisequippedwithamagnetic(磁力的)platewhichallowsthechasertodockwithit.Thetwostackedspacecraftwillperformthreetestsonceinorbit,eachofwhichwillinvolvetheservicersatellitereleasingandthenrecapturingtheclientsatellite.Thefirsttestwillbethesimplest,withtheclientsatellitedriftingashortdistanceawayandthenbeingrecaptured.Inthesecondtest,theservicersatellitewillsettheclientsatellitetumblingbeforecatchingupwithitandmatchingitsmotiontograbit.Finally,ifthosetwotestsgowell,thechaserwillliveuptoitsnamebylettingtheclientsatellitefloatafewhundredmetresawaybeforefindingitandattachingtoit.Allofthesetestswillbeperformedautonomously,withlittletonohumaninputoncetheyaresetinmotion.“Thesekindsofdemonstrationshaveneverbeendonebeforeinspace—theyareverydifferentto,say,anastronautcontrollingaroboticarmontheInternationalSpaceStation,”saysJasonForshawatAstroscaleUK.“Thisismoreofanautonomousmission.”Attheendofthetests,bothspacecraftwillburnupinEarth’satmosphere.Ifcompanieswantedtousethiscapability,theywouldhavetoattachamagneticplatetotheirsatellitessotheycouldbecapturedlater.Becauseofthegrowingspacegarbageproblem,manycountriesnowrequirefirmstohaveawaytobringbacktheirsatellitesoncetheyrunoutoffuelorfail,sothiscouldbeafairlysimplelikelyplan,Forshawsays.Rightnow,eachchasercanonlynabonesatellite,butAstroscaleisworkingonaversionthatcoulddragthreeorfouroutoforbitat學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 once.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“dockwith”inParagraph2?A.Jointogether.B.Keepupwith.C.Dealwith.D.Crash.10.Whymanycountriesnowrequirefirmstohaveawaytobringbacktheirsatellites?A.Becausetheycanearnlargeprofitsfromit.B.Becausethefrequencyofspacelaunchesaredramaticallyincreasing.C.Becauseofthegrowingspacewasteproblem.D.BecauseAstroscalehasfoundanewmethodofcapturingthespacegarbage.11.WhatwillAstroscaledotosolvethespacejunkproblem?A.AnastronautcontrolsaroboticarmontheInternationalSpacetocapturethe“client”satellite.B.Throughamagneticplateremotelycontrolledbyhumansonthegroundtocatchthe“client”satellite.C.Tumblingtomatchthemotionof“client”satellitethedragthreeorfoursatellitesoutofitsorbitintoatmosphere.D.Findingthe“client”satelliteandattachingtoitwithamagneticplateautomatically.12.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.peoplewillburnthespacejunkupinEarth’satmosphereinthefuture.B.thedemonstrationmissionwillbedividedintothreephases.C.Thesekindsofdemonstrationshaveneverbeendonebefore.D.JapanandRussiawillconductspacedebriscleanupexperimenttogether.【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。隨著近年來空間發(fā)射頻率的急劇增加，地球上空發(fā)生災(zāi)難性碰撞的可能性不斷增大。現(xiàn)在，日本軌道清理公司Astroscale正在測試一種解決方案，以期應(yīng)對日益嚴(yán)重的太空垃圾問題。9.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Itconsistsoftwospacecraft:asmaller“client”satelliteandalarger“servicer”satellite,or“chaser”.Thesmallersatelliteisequippedwithamagnetic(磁力的)plate(它由兩個(gè)航天器組成：一個(gè)較小的“客戶”衛(wèi)星和一個(gè)較大的“服務(wù)”衛(wèi)星，或稱“追逐者”衛(wèi)星。較小的衛(wèi)星裝有磁板)”可知，這顆較小的衛(wèi)星裝有一塊磁板，可以讓“追逐者”與它對接由。由此可知，劃線部分dockwith與jointogether的意思相近，表示“連接在一起”的意思。故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Becauseofthegrowingspacegarbageproblem,manycountriesnowrequirefirmstohaveawaytobringbacktheirsatellitesoncetheyrunoutoffuelorfail,sothis學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 couldbeafairlysimplelikelyplan,Forshawsays.(Forshaw說，由于日益嚴(yán)重的太空垃圾問題，許多國家現(xiàn)在要求公司在衛(wèi)星燃料耗盡或出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)有辦法將其帶回，因此這可能是一個(gè)相當(dāng)簡單的可行計(jì)劃)”可知，因?yàn)槿找鎳?yán)重的太空垃圾問題，許多國家現(xiàn)在要求公司帶回他們的衛(wèi)星。故選C。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Itconsistsoftwospacecraft:asmaller“client”satelliteandalarger“servicer”satellite,or“chaser”.Thesmallersatelliteisequippedwithamagnetic(磁力的)platewhichallowsthechasertodockwithit.(它由兩個(gè)航天器組成：一個(gè)小型的“客戶”衛(wèi)星和一個(gè)較大的“服務(wù)”衛(wèi)星，或稱“追逐者”。較小的衛(wèi)星配備了使追蹤器與之對接的板磁力板)”，第三段第一句“Thetwostackedspacecraftwillperformthreetestsonceinorbit,eachofwhichwillinvolvetheservicersatellitereleasingandthenrecapturingtheclientsatellite.(兩個(gè)堆疊的航天器將在軌道上進(jìn)行三次試驗(yàn)，每一次試驗(yàn)都將涉及釋放服務(wù)衛(wèi)星，然后重新捕獲客戶衛(wèi)星)”以及第四段最后一句“Allofthesetestswillbeperformedautonomously,withlittletonohumaninputoncetheyaresetinmotion.(所有這些測試都將自動執(zhí)行，一旦啟動，幾乎不需要人工輸入)”可知，Astroscale公司會通過服務(wù)衛(wèi)星找到客戶衛(wèi)星，服務(wù)衛(wèi)星通過客戶衛(wèi)星上的磁力板連接上客戶衛(wèi)星，進(jìn)而捕獲客戶衛(wèi)星，整個(gè)過程都是自動執(zhí)行的。通過這樣的過程，就可以捕獲太空中的垃圾。故選D。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thetwostackedspacecraftwillperformthreetestsonceinorbit,eachofwhichwillinvolvetheservicersatellitereleasingandthenrecapturingtheclientsatellite.(兩個(gè)堆疊的航天器將在軌道上進(jìn)行三次試驗(yàn)，每一次試驗(yàn)都將涉及服務(wù)衛(wèi)星釋放，然后重新捕獲客戶衛(wèi)星)”可知，這個(gè)示范任務(wù)將會進(jìn)行三個(gè)不同的測試。由此推知，演示任務(wù)會被分成三個(gè)不同階段。故選B。高頻話題03人與自然--環(huán)境保護(hù)Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇泰州·高一統(tǒng)考期中Seagrassmeadows(海草床)arewonderplantsgrowinginthesea.Theyfeedandpreservesealifeandaremasterfulatstoringcarbon.Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankswasrecentlydiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.SeagrasshasusuallybeendetectedbyEarth-orbitingsatellitesthatidentifydarkerareasinthebluewater.Inthisstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsduetotheirconsistentandcloseassociationswithseagrassecosystems.Theyspend70%oftheirtimeinseagrassmeadows.Theteamequippedeighttigersharks(鯊魚)withsatellitetags,sevensharkswithcameratags,and學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 useda360-degreecameraonasharkforthefirsttimeever.Thedataresearcherscollectedwasastonishing.Theworld’slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendiscovered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscantakeinhugequantitiesofcarbon(碳)byphotosynthesisandstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantropicalrainforests.Whenreferredtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.Yetseagrassmeadowsarerapidlydisappearing,withover92%ofmeadowsintheUKgone,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthroughrestorationprojects.Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealingandrepairingthedamage.ThesharksledustotheseagrassecosystemintheBahamas,whichwenowknowislikelythemostsignificantbluecarbonsinkontheplanet.Whatthisdiscoveryshowsusisthatoceanexplorationandresearchareessentialforahealthyfuture.Theuntappedpotentialoftheoceanislimitless.Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbereplicated(復(fù)制),offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.1.Whyweretigersharkschosenasresearchtools?A.Theymanagetoadjustthemselvestothedeepsea.B.Theycanbeeasilyequippedwithexperimentaldevices.C.Theyhaveastrongconnectionwithseagrassecosystems.D.Theyprovetobemuchmoreimportantthanotherseaanimals.2.WhatcanlearnfromthenumbersinParagraph3?A.Thedeclineofglobalseagrassmeadows.B.Theinfluenceofclimatechangeonthesealife.C.TherapidincreaseintheamountofcarbononEarth.D.Thepotentialvalueoftheworld’slargestseagrassecosystem.3.Whatarescientistsdoingtoprotectseagrass?A.Plantingmoreseagrassmeadows.B.Developingnewtechnologytocollectseeds.C.Mappingtheseagrassmeadows.D.Encouragingpeopletojoininrestorationprojects.4.Whichcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheNewWayofRemovingCarbonB.TheSignificanceofOceanExploration學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 C.ANewDiscovery:World’sLargestSeagrassMeadowD.TigerSharks:Scientists’EfficientHelperstoStudyClimate【答案】1.C2.D3.A4.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們通過虎鯊的幫助，在巴哈馬海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一片巨大的海草草地，這為世界提供了應(yīng)對氣候變化的新可能，因?yàn)楹２萃ㄟ^光合作用捕獲碳、將其儲存在海底的能力非常強(qiáng)大。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthisstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsduetotheirconsistentandcloseassociationswithseagrassecosystems.(在本研究中，選擇虎鯊作為研究工具是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有著一致而密切的聯(lián)系。)”可知，虎鯊被選為研究工具是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有著密切的聯(lián)系。故選C項(xiàng)。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theworld’slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendiscovered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscantakeinhugequantitiesofcarbon(碳)byphotosynthesisandstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantropicalrainforests.Whenreferredtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.(世界上最大的海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)，面積至少為6.69萬平方公里。這與之前對全球海草的估計(jì)相比增加了41%。海草可以通過光合作用吸收大量的碳并將其儲存在海底。就氣候變化而言，這是個(gè)好消息；海草去除碳的速度是熱帶雨林的35倍。當(dāng)提到全球海草碳儲量估算時(shí)，該研究表明，巴哈馬的海草可能含有地球上海草草甸中儲存的所有碳的19.2%至26.3%。)”可知，從數(shù)字來看，巴哈馬的海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)數(shù)量龐大，吸收碳的速度非常快。由此推知，該海草生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在吸收碳以應(yīng)對氣候變化方面具有非常大的潛在價(jià)值。故選D項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthroughrestorationprojects.(科學(xué)家們正在收集種子，并試圖通過恢復(fù)項(xiàng)目種植新的海草草地。)”可知，科學(xué)家們通過種植海草草地保護(hù)海草。故選A項(xiàng)。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了科學(xué)家們通過虎鯊的幫助，在巴哈馬海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)了一片巨大的海草草地，這為世界提供了應(yīng)對氣候變化的新可能，因?yàn)楹２萃ㄟ^光合作用捕獲碳、將其儲存在海底的能力非常強(qiáng)大。因此，C項(xiàng)“新發(fā)現(xiàn)：世界上最大的海草草地”符合文章大意，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage22022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇泰州·高一姜堰中學(xué)?？计谥袑W(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 AnewstudysaystheAmazonrainforestisnearingatippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn))initsdeclinethatcouldseethebiologicallyrichanddiverseecosystemturnedintoasavannah(熱帶草原).“TheAmazonislosingitsabilitytorecoverfromdisturbanceslikedroughtandextremeweather.Deforestationandclimatechangearelikelythemaindriversofthisdecline,”studyco-authorNiklasBoerssaidinastatement.Theresearcherssaythey’vefoundevidenceofthisdeclineacross75percentoftheAmazon.“It’sworthremindingourselvesthatifitgetstothattippingpointandwecommittolosingtheAmazonrainforest,wewillgetsignificantfeedbackonglobalclimatechange,”saidTimothyLenton,ascientistandco-authorofthestudy.Theresearchteamlookedatthreedecades’worthofsatellitedata,payingcloseattentiontotreesandotherplantsafterextremeevents.Theresearchersconcludedthattheforest,whichisessentialforoxygenproductionandcarbonsequestration(碳封存),hasbeenlosingitsresilienceforthelasttwodecades.Theresearcherssaytheforestisnearingatippingpoint,butthearrivaldateisunclearasanumberoffactorscanpushitclosertoorfartherfromthatedge.It’sjusttoochallengingtoestimatewhenthechangemayoccur.Butthescientistswarnthatoncethetippingpointhasbeencrossed,thechangecouldhappenquickly.ThenewscomesaftertheAmazonrecordedrecordlevelsofdeforestationinBrazilinJanuary.AnimalagricultureiscausingdeforestationintheAmazon,asBrazilisnowtheworld’stopbeefexporter.LastNovember,theEUtookstepstobanbeeflinkedtodeforestation.“Whatweproposeisapioneeringinitiative,”VirginijusSinkevicius,theEUenvironmentcommissioner,said.“TheEUactionalonewillnotsolvetheproblem.WealsoneedmajormarketsliketheUStocleanuptheirsupplychain.”5.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.TheAmazonrainforestisindangerofchangingintograssland.B.TheAmazonrainforesthasreachedthepointofnoreturn.C.Scientistsareconvincedthatthechangecouldhappenquickly.D.Scientistsareunclearaboutwhatisresponsibleforthedecline.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resilience”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Theabilitytopredictthefuture.B.Theabilitytorisetochallenges.C.Theabilitytoremainunchanged.D.Theabilitytogobacktonormal.7.WhatdoestheEUenvironmentcommissionerexpect?A.Deforestationwillbecomeeasytodealwith.B.Theexportofbeefshouldbebanned.C.Morecountriesshouldjoinhands.D.TheEUshouldadoptstrictmeasures.8.Whatisthetextlikelytobe?學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 A.Anadventurediary.B.Abiologytextbook.C.Anofficialproposal.D.Ascientificreport.【答案】5.A6.D7.C8.D【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。新的研究表明，亞馬遜雨林正接近臨界點(diǎn)，生物豐富多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變成了熱帶草原，它也正失去從干旱和極端天氣中的恢復(fù)能力。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AnewstudysaystheAmazonrainforestisnearingatippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn))initsdeclinethatcouldseethebiologicallyrichanddiverseecosystemturnedintoasavannah(熱帶草原).(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，亞馬遜雨林正在接近其衰落的臨界點(diǎn)，可以看到的是，生物豐富多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變成了熱帶草原。)”可知，從研究報(bào)告可以看出，亞馬遜正面臨著變成大草原的危險(xiǎn)，故選A。6.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段劃線詞resilience前文的提示“Theresearchteamlookedatthreedecades’worthofsatellitedata,payingcloseattentiontotreesandotherplantsafterextremeevents.Theresearchersconcludedthattheforest,whichisessentialforoxygenproductionandcarbonsequestration(碳封存),hasbeenlosingits(研究團(tuán)隊(duì)看了30年的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)，密切關(guān)注極端事件后樹林和其他植物。研究者得出結(jié)論，森林對氧氣生產(chǎn)和碳封存很重要，但研究失去了……)”可知，森林在經(jīng)歷了極端事件后，已經(jīng)無法向以前一樣生產(chǎn)氧氣，封存碳了，故此處的resilience與D項(xiàng)“回歸正常的能力”意思接近，故選D。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Whatweproposeisapioneeringinitiative,”VirginijusSinkevicius,theEUenvironmentcommissioner,said.“TheEUactionalonewillnotsolvetheproblem.WealsoneedmajormarketsliketheUStocleanuptheirsupplychain.”(歐盟環(huán)境專員VirginijusSinkevicius說道：‘我們提出的是一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的舉措，但是僅靠歐盟的行動是不能解決問題的。我們還需要像美國這樣的主要市場來清理其供應(yīng)鏈’。)”可知，歐盟環(huán)境專員希望，更多的國家和歐盟一起努力，來對抗這一問題，故選C。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AnewstudysaystheAmazonrainforestisnearingatippingpoint(臨界點(diǎn))initsdeclinethatcouldseethebiologicallyrichanddiverseecosystemturnedintoasavannah(熱帶草原).(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，亞馬遜雨林正在進(jìn)階其衰落的臨界點(diǎn)，可以看到的是，生物豐富多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)變成了熱帶草原。)”可知，文章主要講述了新的研究表明，亞馬遜雨林正在接近其衰落的臨界點(diǎn)這一件事，故可推知，文章屬于一篇科學(xué)報(bào)道，故選D。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇鹽城·高一校聯(lián)考期中Lastnight’smeteorshower(流星雨)leftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.??AccordingtoGabeRothschild,EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredin學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 thesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”Astronomers-scientistswhostudystarsandplanets-havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.??Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.??Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.??Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.??Forexample,outdoorlightingbadlyaffectsmigrating(遷徙)birds.??AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation,“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalcasualties(傷亡)resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.??Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings.??Butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseaperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.??Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertohelpastronomersattheLowellObservatorywithagoodobservationcondition.??Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.9.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.C.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsoutdoorlighting?A.Positive.B.Calm.C.Worried.D.Doubtful.11.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto_______.A.createagoodobservationconditionB.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 12.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.B.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.C.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.D.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.【答案】9.B10.C11.A12.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人想在晚上看流星雨，結(jié)果由于光線太亮，影響了他們的觀看效果，由此引發(fā)了人們對光污染的思考。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Astronomers-scientistswhostudystarsandplanets-havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.(天文學(xué)家——研究恒星和行星的科學(xué)家——幾十年來一直在抱怨這個(gè)問題。他們說，光污染使他們無法看到天空中的物體，而在過去，他們可以很容易地看到這些物體。)”可知，天文學(xué)家抱怨的是光污染多年來一直沒有得到解決。故選B項(xiàng)。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Forexample,outdoorlightingbadlyaffectsmigrating(遷徙)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation,“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”(這個(gè)種群包括鳥、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等。例如，室外照明嚴(yán)重影響候鳥。據(jù)國際黑暗天空協(xié)會稱，“在北美，每年有1億只鳥死于與燈火通明的建筑物和塔樓相撞?！?”可推知，作者對戶外照明的態(tài)度是擔(dān)憂的。故選C項(xiàng)。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertohelpastronomersattheLowellObservatorywithagoodobservationcondition.(多年來，亞利桑那州的弗拉格斯塔夫一直在該市實(shí)施照明規(guī)定，以幫助洛厄爾天文臺的天文學(xué)家獲得良好的觀測條件。)”可知，亞利桑那州弗拉格斯塔夫的照明法規(guī)生效是為了創(chuàng)造良好的觀察條件。故選A項(xiàng)。12.推理判斷題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了許多人想在晚上看流星雨，結(jié)果由于光線太亮，影響了他們的觀看效果，由此引發(fā)了人們對光污染的思考，并且反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了光污染問題對人類活動和動物的影響，所以作者最想給我們的信息應(yīng)該是：人類活動應(yīng)該是環(huán)境友好型的。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage42022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇南京·高一南京師大附中?？计谥蠭ntheancientwalledcityofSana’a,mudskyscrapersrisehighintothesky.Thetoweringstructuresarebuiltentirelyoutofearth學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 anddecoratedwithamazinggeometricpatterns.ThelocalmudarchitectureissouniquethatthecityhasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.“Asanoutstandingexampleofarchitecturereflectingthespatial(空間的)characteristicsoftheearlyyears,thecityinitslandscapehasanextraordinaryartisticquality,”UNESCOwritesinitsdescriptionofSana’a.“Thebuildingsalsoshowexceptionalcraftsmanship(工藝)intheuseoflocalmaterialsandtechniques.”EventhoughthebuildingsinSana’aarethousandsofyearsold,theancientstructuresarestillinhabitedtodayandmostremainprivatehouses.Itiseasytoseewhythesemudbuildingshavenotlosttheirappeal—theyarewell-insulated(隔熱的),sustainableandextremelyadaptableformodernuse.“Itisthearchitectureofthefuture,”saysDamluji,co-founderoftheMudBrickArchitectureFoundation.Architectsaroundtheworldarereviving(復(fù)興)raw-earthconstructionastheyseektoconstructsustainablebuildingsthatcansurviveextremeweathereventssuchasflashfloodsandintenseheat.Couldthisancientformofarchitectureinfluencethedesignofourfuturehomes?Theconstructionindustryaccountsfor38%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Thebuildingsectorhasanimportantroletoplayiftheworldistomeetthegoalofreachingnetzeroby2050.Concrete,acommonmodernconstructionmaterial,hasahugecarbonfootprint.Replacingconcretewithlesspollutingmaterialsisimportanttoachievingourclimategoals,scientistswarn.Theancientmaterial,mud,couldbetheperfectsustainablereplacementforconcrete,accordingtoDamluji.Constructingwithmudhasaverylowimpactontheenvironmentandthematerialitselfisfullyrecyclable,shesays.“Ifyouwanttopulldownawallorchangethedesign,youcanrecycleallthematerials.”Anaddedbenefitisthatmudbuildingsarewarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.Thisreducestheneedforairconditioningunits,whichconsumelargeamountsofelectricityandcontainrefrigerants(制冷劑)thatmakeupgreenhousegasemissions.Mudstructuresarealsoincrediblystrongandresistanttoextremeweather,suchasheatwaves,floodsanddroughts,whichscientistssaywillbecomemorefrequentandintenseastemperaturescontinuetorise.Therefore,peoplewhowishtoliveinamodern,comfortablehomeshouldconsideronemadeofmud.Overall,itmakesforhighlyadvancedaswellassustainabledesign.13.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,buildingsinSana’aare“unique”because??.A.theyaretallandtowerovertheentirecityB.theirgeometricpatternscreateartisticfeelingsC.theyarebeautifullycraftedwithlocalresourcesD.theirfascinatinghistoryhasattractedmanytourists14.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmudmaterialsaccordingtothepassage?學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 A.Theycanreducethechanceofextremeweatherevents.B.Theycanbeidealforsustainableconstructionofthefuture.C.Theymightproducealotofgreenhousegasemissions.D.Theymightcausesubstantialtemperaturechanges.15.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.mudmightbeanimportantsolutiontotheclimatecrisisB.themudbuildingsinSana’aarenolongersuitabletoliveC.rebuildingmudconstructionwouldtakegreateffortsD.mudhasbecomethefavouritematerialofarchitects16.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsraw-earthconstructioninthebuildingindustry?A.Cautious.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Supportive.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文以Sana’a具有特色的泥質(zhì)城堡引入，主要介紹了泥漿這種古老的材料可作為完美的可持續(xù)的建筑材料。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Thetoweringstructuresarebuiltentirelyoutofearthanddecoratedwithamazinggeometricpatterns.ThelocalmudarchitectureissouniquethatthecityhasbeenrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritagesite.(這些高聳的建筑完全是用泥土建造的，裝飾著引人注目的幾何圖案。當(dāng)?shù)氐哪嘟ㄖ浅＊?dú)特，因此這座城市已被聯(lián)合國教科文組織列為世界遺產(chǎn))”和第二段的“Thebuildingsalsoshowexceptionalcraftsmanship(工藝)intheuseoflocalmaterialsandtechniques.(這些建筑還展示了在使用當(dāng)?shù)夭牧虾图夹g(shù)方面的卓越工藝)”可知，Sana’a的建筑的獨(dú)特之處在于它們是用當(dāng)?shù)氐馁Y源進(jìn)行精心裝飾的。故選C。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itiseasytoseewhythesemudbuildingshavenotlosttheirappeal—theyarewell-insulated(隔熱的),sustainableandextremelyadaptableformodernuse.“Itisthearchitectureofthefuture,”saysDamluji,co-founderoftheMudBrickArchitectureFoundation.(很容易理解為什么這些泥建筑沒有失去吸引力——它們隔熱良好，可持續(xù)發(fā)展，非常適合現(xiàn)代使用?！斑@是未來的建筑，”泥磚建筑基金會的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Damluji說)”和第四段的“Architectsaroundtheworldarereviving(復(fù)興)raw-earthconstructionastheyseektoconstructsustainablebuildingsthatcansurviveextremeweathereventssuchasflashfloodsandintenseheat.(世界各地的建筑師正在復(fù)興生土建筑，因?yàn)樗麄儗で蠼ㄔ炷軌虻钟┖楹透邷氐葮O端天氣事件的可持續(xù)建筑)”可知，泥土材料是未來可持續(xù)建設(shè)的理想選擇。故選B。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Theconstructionindustryaccountsfor38%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissions.Thebuildingsectorhasanimportantroletoplayiftheworldistomeetthegoalofreachingnetzeroby2050.Concrete,acommonmodernconstructionmaterial,hasahugecarbon學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 footprint.Replacingconcretewithlesspollutingmaterialsisimportanttoachievingourclimategoals,scientistswarn.(建筑業(yè)占全球二氧化碳排放量的38%。如果世界要實(shí)現(xiàn)到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放的目標(biāo)，建筑行業(yè)可以發(fā)揮重要作用?；炷潦且环N常見的現(xiàn)代建筑材料，它的碳足跡非常大。科學(xué)家警告說，用污染更少的材料取代混凝土對實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的氣候目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Theancientmaterial,mud,couldbetheperfectsustainablereplacementforconcrete,accordingtoDamluji.Constructingwithmudhasaverylowimpactontheenvironmentandthematerialitselfisfullyrecyclable,shesays.(達(dá)姆利伊表示，這種古老的材料——泥漿，可能是混凝土的完美可持續(xù)替代品。她說，用泥漿建筑對環(huán)境的影響非常小，而且材料本身是完全可回收的)”推知，泥漿可能是氣候危機(jī)的重要解決方法。故選A。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Therefore,peoplewhowishtoliveinamodern,comfortablehomeshouldconsideronemadeofmud.Overall,itmakesforhighlyadvancedaswellassustainabledesign.(因此，想要住在現(xiàn)代舒適的房子里的人應(yīng)該考慮用泥土做的房子。總的來說，它有助于高度先進(jìn)和可持續(xù)的設(shè)計(jì))”推知，作者對建筑行業(yè)的生土建筑持支持態(tài)度。故選D。熱點(diǎn)考向01人與社會--公益行為Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中TheBeaver-LawrenceFarmBureausetsupaseriesofstorytimemeetingsacrossBeaverCounty’slibraries,aprogramthathelpsattractattentiontothefarmingprocessinnearbycommunities.Itprovidesanopportunityforreaderstotalkaboutagriculturethroughabookandalsosharetheirownfarmingexperiencesandbackgrounds.Sochildrencanlearnwhatfarmersdoandwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.DuringSpringStoryTimeattheBeaverAreaMemorialLibraryinMarch,overtwelvefamiliesgatheredtohearaboutthefarmingprocessandallowedtheirchildrentojoininthefunactivitiesofferedbythelibrary.Thechildrenwereshowndifferentanimalsthatarefoundonafarmandhowvegetablesgrow.Parentsalsojoinedintheconversationthroughouttheevent.WhenSpringStoryTimestarted,thebookwasreadbyAmandaMcDowell,thetreasureroftheBeaver-LawrenceFarmBureau.Owningafarm,McDowellwasabletoshareherownexperienceswiththefarmingequipmentandherdifferentfarmingroutines.“Thebookshowsthescienceandtechnologyincludedinfarming.Moreimportantly,theideaistoputafarmerinfrontofchildrensotheycanaskquestionsandhearitdirectlyfromfarmers.Educationaboutfarmingandwhatisgoingoninthatprocessisimportanttohelpingthenextgenerationconsiderfarmingthemselves,”said學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 McDowell.“Peoplecanlearnnottobeafraidtowavetothefarmerandknowwhat’sgoingon.”Forfarmingeducators,itcanbechallengingtogettheirmessageoutandmakeyoungeraudiencesinterestedinfarming.Whileotherindustriesareapartofeverydaylife,agriculturalindustriesarenotasimportantformanyinthecitiesofwesternPennsylvania.Asaresult,thenumberofindependentlyownedfarmsandthoseworkinginagriculturecontinuestoreduceeachyear.Whilemanyfarmerssteppinguptohelpeducateothersabouttheprocesshavehelped,findingyoungpeopleinterestedinafarminglifestylehasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.1.Whatistheprogrammeanttodo?A.Helplocalfarmersinneed.B.Developgoodreadinghabits.C.Spreadknowledgeoffarming.D.Callforenvironmentalprotection.2.Whatisthelocalfamilies’attitudetotheprogram?A.Supportive.B.Doubtful.C.Surprised.D.Uncertain.3.WhydidAmandaMcDowellreadthebooktochildren?A.Toteachthemtochoosehealthyfood.B.Toencouragethemtotakeupfarming.C.Tobetterconnectwiththenextgeneration.D.Tocorrectthemisunderstandingaboutfarmers.4.Whatdoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph4?A.Theagriculturalindustryisplayingasignificantrole.B.Farmingeducatorsfailtolearnfromotherindustries.C.Thelocalagriculturalindustryisinadifficultsituation.D.Youngpeopleshowaninterestintheagriculturalprocess【答案】1.C2.A3.B4.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了比弗·勞倫斯農(nóng)場局在當(dāng)?shù)貓D書館成立了一個(gè)故事時(shí)間會議的系列活動項(xiàng)目，旨在幫助當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民學(xué)習(xí)農(nóng)業(yè)知識，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生從事農(nóng)業(yè)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Itprovidesanopportunityforreaderstotalkaboutagriculturethroughabookandalsosharetheirownfarmingexperiencesandbackgrounds.(它為讀者提供了一個(gè)通過書籍談?wù)撧r(nóng)業(yè)的機(jī)會，同時(shí)也分享了他們自己的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和背景。)”可知，該項(xiàng)目為讀者提供通過書籍談?wù)撧r(nóng)業(yè)的機(jī)會，也分享了他們自己的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和背景。由此可知，該項(xiàng)目目的在于傳播農(nóng)業(yè)知識。故選C項(xiàng)。學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“overtwelvefamiliesgatheredtohearaboutthefarmingprocessandallowedtheirchildrentojoininthefunactivitiesofferedbythelibrary.Thechildrenwereshowndifferentanimalsthatarefoundonafarmandhowvegetablesgrow.Parentsalsojoinedintheconversationthroughouttheevent.(超過12個(gè)家庭聚集在一起，聽取農(nóng)業(yè)過程，并允許他們的孩子加入圖書館提供的有趣活動。孩子們看到了農(nóng)場里發(fā)現(xiàn)的不同動物，以及蔬菜是如何生長的。在整個(gè)活動過程中，家長們也加入了談話。)”可知，超過12個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ゾ墼谝黄?，學(xué)習(xí)相關(guān)農(nóng)業(yè)知識。由此可知，當(dāng)?shù)丶彝@一項(xiàng)目表示支持。故選A項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Educationaboutfarmingandwhatisgoingoninthatprocessisimportanttohelpingthenextgenerationconsiderfarmingthemselves(關(guān)于農(nóng)業(yè)的教育以及在這個(gè)過程中發(fā)生了什么，對于幫助下一代考慮自己種地很重要)”以及“Peoplecanlearnnottobeafraidtowavetothefarmerandknowwhat’sgoingon.(人們可以學(xué)會不害怕當(dāng)農(nóng)民，知道接下來要做什么。)”可知，Amanda給孩子們讀這本書，是為了鼓勵(lì)孩子們從事農(nóng)業(yè)。故選B項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Asaresult,thenumberofindependentlyownedfarmsandthoseworkinginagriculturecontinuestoreduceeachyear.(因此，獨(dú)立擁有的農(nóng)場和從事農(nóng)業(yè)工作的人數(shù)每年都在減少。)”可知，賓夕法尼亞州西部城市擁有農(nóng)場和從事農(nóng)業(yè)工作的認(rèn)識每年都在減少。由此可推知，當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)正處于一個(gè)艱難的境地。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage22022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一統(tǒng)考期中In2014,MahoneywasaskedtochooseapersonwhoregularlygavebacktotheHalifaxcommunity(社區(qū))toperformanactofkindnessaspartofaFacebookchallenge.Mahoneychosea79-year-oldseniornamedEleanor,whonotonlygavegoodsforthepeopleatthepubwhereMahoneyworkedbutalsovolunteeredatthelocalhomelessshelter.MahoneywantedtogettoknowEleanorbetter,sosheaskedthattheyspentadaytogether—pickingupfruits,gettingtheirnailsdone,thatkindofthing.“Itwasthefirsttimeinyearsthatsomeonehadmadeadayabouther,”saysthe30-year-old.“Thatfocusmadehershine.”TheirsharedexperiencegotMahoneythinking.Howmanyotherseniorsmightbenefitfromthatkindofattention?Andhadsomeofthoseseniorsdelayedtheirdreamsbecausethey’dbeenbusycaringforothers?Chisholm,now31,wasequallyinterestedinthesequestions,andtogetherthepairsetuptheirnewcharity:WeAreYoung,orWAYforshort.WAYhassincedeliveredon(履行)38dreams—fromahelicoptertripoverachildhoodblueberry-pickingplacetotravellingtoTorontotowatchaBlueJaysgame.Thesedreamsaretoworkoutproblemscausedbythehealthandlonelinessofseniors.78-year-oldVictorwantedtogotothebeach--adreamhe’dgivenupwhenitbecametoophysicallydifficulttoreachthesea.The學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 teamatWAYofferedaboatforhimandhissoninthefallof2021sotheycouldreachtheseaandspendthedayenjoyingthemselvesonthebeach.“Ifyoulosethesenseofpurposethathavingapassion(激情)cangiveyou,yourself-confidencegoesdown,”saysMahoney.“Now,Victorhasgotsomeofhisself-confidenceagain—andhissenseofhumour.Wewanttoshowthatanythingispossiblewiththesupportofothers.”“Wewanttocreateamovementthatchangesourwholesociety’sopinionandsupportforseniors,”saysMahoney.“Thatistheinfluencewe’retryingtocreate.”5.HowdidEleanorfeelafterspendingadaywithMahoney?A.sheaspanicked.B.Shewasinagoodmood.C.Shewasconfused.D.Shewastired.6.WhydidMahoneyandChisholmsetupWAYA?A.Tohelpseniorsgetanswerstothequestions.B.Tomakethemselvesbecomebetter.C.Tomakeseniors’delayeddreamsareality.D.Torealizetheirowndelayeddreams.7.WhatmightVictorthinkofWAYafterthetrip?A.Itwasahomeforhim.B.Itwouldgainpopularity.C.It’smuchbetterthanbefore.D.Itmightbeownedbyhisson.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.SeniorsDeserveMoreCare.B.“WAY”forSeniors’DelayedDreams.C.AnActofKindness.D.Seniors’DreamComeTrue.【答案】5.B6.C7.B8.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是很多老年人在忙著幫助他人卻失去了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己夢想的機(jī)會，Mahoney和Chisholm創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新的慈善組織，幫助這些老年人實(shí)現(xiàn)自己未實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢想。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的““Itwasthefirsttimeinyearsthatsomeonehadmadeadayabouther,”saysthe30-year-old.“Thatfocusmadehershine.”(“這是多年來第一次有人為她做一天，”這位30歲的年輕人說。“這種專注讓她大放異彩。”)”可知，在與Mahoney待在一起完成一系列的事情后，Eleanor很是開心，這是第一次有人給她帶來快樂，這讓她大放異彩，所以這一天后Eleanor心情不錯(cuò)。故選B項(xiàng)。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TheirsharedexperiencegotMahoneythinking.Howmanyotherseniorsmightbenefitfromthatkindofattention?Andhadsomeofthoseseniorsdelayedtheirdreamsbecausethey’dbeenbusycaringforothers?(學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 他們共同的經(jīng)歷讓馬奧尼思考。有多少其他老年人可能會從這種關(guān)注中受益？這些老年人中的一些人是否因?yàn)槊τ谡疹櫵硕七t了他們的夢想？)”可知，有些老人忙著照顧他人而推遲自己的夢想，所以，他們成立了新的慈善組織WAY，所以他們建立這一組織是為了幫助老人實(shí)現(xiàn)延遲的夢想。故選C項(xiàng)。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“WAYhassincedeliveredon(履行)38dreams—fromahelicoptertripoverachildhoodblueberry-pickingplacetotravellingtoTorontotowatchaBlueJaysgame.Thesedreamsaretoworkoutproblemscausedbythehealthandlonelinessofseniors.(從那以后，WAY實(shí)現(xiàn)了38個(gè)夢想——從乘坐直升機(jī)飛越童年采摘藍(lán)莓的地方，到前往多倫多觀看藍(lán)鳥隊(duì)的比賽。這些夢是為了解決老年人的健康和孤獨(dú)造成的問題。)”可知，WAY幫助很多老人實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢想，解決了他們因?yàn)榻】岛凸陋?dú)而產(chǎn)生的問題，由此可以判斷，這一慈善組織深受處于這種困境老人的歡迎。故選B項(xiàng)。8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“In2014,MahoneywasaskedtochooseapersonwhoregularlygavebacktotheHalifaxcommunity(社區(qū))toperformanactofkindnessaspartofaFacebookchallenge.(2014年，馬奧尼被要求選擇一個(gè)經(jīng)?；仞伖怂股鐓^(qū)的人來做一件好事，這是Facebook挑戰(zhàn)的一部分。)”可知，作為Facebook挑戰(zhàn)中的一部分，Mahoney被要求為一位回饋社區(qū)的老年人做好事，以及第三段中的“Chisholm,now31,wasequallyinterestedinthesequestions,andtogetherthepairsetuptheirnewcharity:WeAreYoung,orWAYforshort.(現(xiàn)年31歲的奇澤姆對這些問題同樣感興趣，兩人一起成立了他們的新慈善機(jī)構(gòu):WeAreYoung，簡稱WAY。)”可知，這些年輕人為幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)老年人延遲的夢想，他們創(chuàng)建了新的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)“WAY”；再根據(jù)尾段中的““Wewanttocreateamovementthatchangesourwholesociety’sopinionandsupportforseniors,”saysMahoney.“Thatistheinfluencewe’retryingtocreate.”(“我們希望發(fā)起一場運(yùn)動，改變我們整個(gè)社會對老年人的看法和支持，”馬奧尼說?！斑@就是我們試圖創(chuàng)造的影響力?！?”可知，Mahoney想要發(fā)起一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動，這是年輕人試圖創(chuàng)造的影響力，讓更多的人了解和幫助老年人，讓他們重拾生活的目標(biāo)和激情，所以本文的題目為“為老年人延遲的夢想的“WAY””概括了本文的內(nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇常州·高一?？计谥蠸cientistswhostudyhappinessknowthatbeingkindtootherscanimprovehappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanbetteraperson’smood(心情),forexample.Everydaylifeaffordsmanychancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakeuseofthem.InasetofstudiespublishedonlineintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,NickEpley,abehavioralscientist,andIexaminedapossibleexplanation.Wefoundthatpeoplewhoperformrandom(隨機(jī)的)actsofkindnessdonotalwaysrealizehowmuchofaneffecttheyare學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 havingonanotherperson.Peopleusuallythinklittleofhowothersvaluetheseacts.Acrossourinvestigations,severalresultscameout.Forone,bothgiversandreceiversoftheactsofkindnesswereinmorepositivemoodsthanusualaftertheseexchanges.Foranother,itwasclearthatgiversundervalued(低估)theireffect;receiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindgiversexpected.Thereceiversalsoreallyrecognizedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.Atfirst,westudiedactsofkindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butlaterwefoundthatgiversundervaluedtheirpositiveeffectonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,giversinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolatetostrangersonacoldwinter’sday.Onceagain,theexperiencewasmorepositivethanthegiversexpectedforthereceivers.Whilethepeoplegivingthehotchocolatesawtheactasunimportant,itreallymatteredtothereceivers.Ourfindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmalltothegiverscouldmatteragreatdealtothereceivers.Sincethesewarmactscanpromoteourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?9.Whatdogiversseldomthinkabout?A.Commentsabouttheiracts.B.Effectsoftheiractsonothers.C.Scientists’explanation.D.Tasteofhappiness.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph3referto?A.Investigations.B.Moods.C.Acts.D.Exchanges.11.Whydoestheauthormention“gaveawayhotchocolatetostrangers”inparagraph4?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toproveafinding.C.Topresentafact.D.Toshowatopic.12.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WarmActsAreUsuallyValuedB.WarmActsAreNecessaryForPeopleC.KindnessCanHaveUnexpectedlyPositiveResultsD.KindnessCanUnexpectedlyBrightenOurOwnDay【答案】9.B10.C11.B12.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，做善事可以給自己和他人帶來意想不到的積極的影響。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Wefoundthatpeoplewhoperformrandom(隨機(jī)的)actsofkindnessdonotalwaysrealizehowmuchofaneffecttheyarehavingonanotherperson.(學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，進(jìn)行隨機(jī)善舉的人并不總是意識到他們對另一個(gè)人的影響有多大。)”可知，做善事的人不總是能意識到他們對他人的影響。故選B項(xiàng)。10.詞義猜測題。them通常指代的是上文中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)；根據(jù)第三段中的“Thereceiversalsoreallyrecognizedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.(接收者也真正認(rèn)識到這些行為比表演它們的人“更大”。)”可知，此處them指代的是上文中的theseacts，也就是文章講述的“善舉”。故選C項(xiàng)。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butlaterwefoundthatgiversundervaluedtheirpositiveeffectonstrangersaswell.(但后來我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，給予者也低估了他們對陌生人的積極影響)”推知，下文提到給陌生人送咖啡這一事例是為了證明研究發(fā)現(xiàn)是正確的。故選B項(xiàng)。12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)尾段中的“Ourfindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmalltothegiverscouldmatteragreatdealtothereceivers.(我們的研究結(jié)果表明，對給予者來說似乎很小的東西對接受者來說可能很重要。)”以及全文中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可知，做善事的人覺得微不足道的事情，卻既可以給給予者以及接受者都會帶來意想不到的影響，所以本文的題目是“善舉會有意外的積極的效果”。故選C項(xiàng)。熱點(diǎn)考向02人與社會—科普知識Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·高一統(tǒng)考期中Sometimeswemustadmitit:Readingisboring.Butpeoplewhothinksodon’tregardaudiobooksasashortcut,andtheyseemtoagreethatlisteningisaninferior(次等的)formofengagement(參與).Indeed,somestudieshaveshownthatpeoplewholistentobooksachievelessthanthosewhoreadthem.Aseasyasitistomultitaskwithaudiobooks,theformdoesmakeithardertoreturn,afteraspellofdistraction(分心),tothepassagewhereyourmindstartedtowander.Othersinsistthataudiobooksremovethereaders’responsibilitytounderstandsomethinglikeirony(諷刺),giventhatthepersonrecordingdoesthework.Accordingtothislogic,listeningtoaudiobooksisinferiorindeedbecauseitiseasier—becauseitlackstheelementofsufferingthatisincontrovertible(無可爭議的)evidenceofaccomplishment.However,mostofuswerereadtobyadultsbeforewelearnedtoreadourselves,andlisteningtoaudiobooksrecallsthedelightofbeingtoldastory:Therhythmsoftheprose(散文)madeinahumanvoice;thedialogueanimatedthroughtheperformanceofaskillfulreader;theeasewithwhichoureyesarefreetomovesoastobetterimaginethedevelopmentoftheplot.Oralstorytellingpredates(早于)writingbythousandsofyears,andmanyoftheoldeststoriesexistedforcenturiesasbardictales(吟游詩)beforetheywereputdowninprint.Storytellingmay學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 haveappearedtodeepencommunitybondsormodelunfamiliarsituationsinwaysthatmighthaveincreasedchancesofsurvival.Butitseemstomethatthereexistsamoreobviousexplanationforwhyreadingoftenfeelssoboring:Mostbooksareverybad.Thevastmajorityofthemareuninspired,unconvincing,andpoorlywritten.Myadviceistobelessconcernedaboutthemediumandmorecarefulaboutthebooksyoupickup.Ifyoufindthatyourmindiswanderingorthatyou’renotabletofullyentertherealityofthestory,considerthatthismightbeaproblemwiththecontent.Audiobookshavesomedistinctadvantageswhenitcomestothis.It’seasiertoidentifyabadwriterwhenthebookisreadaloud.Mostofall,Iwouldurgeyoutotrustyourinstincts(直覺)—to“l(fā)isten”.1.WhatdoweknowaboutlisteningtoaudiobooksaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Itisashortcuttoreplacereadingpaperbooks.B.Itweakensthesenseofaccomplishmentbyreducingsuffering.C.Peoplefacemoredistractionwhilelisteningtoaudiobooks.D.Peoplefeeliteasiertounderstandironyofaudiobooks.2.Whichisnotthedelightbroughtbybeingtoldastory?A.Thedialoguewithskillfulperformance.B.Theeasetopicturetheactionsofastory.C.Therhythmsoftheprosemadeinahumanvoice.D.Thefreedomtowalkaroundthebedroom.3.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Storytellingmighthavehelpedsurvive.B.Writinghasamuchlongerhistorythanstorytelling.C.Peoplepreferstorytellingowingtotheinstinctofimitation.D.Itwasbardictellerswhopasseddownthehistory.4.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Audiobooksareabsolutelybetterthanpaperbooks.B.Readingfeelsboringonlybecauseofabookitself.C.Themediumdoesn’tmatterwhenyoupickupabook.D.Thecontentsmaybetoblamewhenreadingfailstosatisfyreaders.【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聽有聲讀物讓人回想起被告知的一個(gè)故事的快樂：散文的節(jié)奏以人聲變得生動活潑；通過熟練讀者的表演使對話生動起來；我們的眼睛從書頁中解放出來，自由地在臥室里四處張望，以便更好地想象故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Accordingtothislogic,listeningtoaudiobooksisinferiorindeed學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 becauseitiseasier—becauseitlackstheelementofsufferingthatisincontrovertible(無可爭議的)evidenceofaccomplishment.(根據(jù)這一邏輯，聽有聲讀物確實(shí)是低劣的，因?yàn)樗菀住驗(yàn)樗狈ν纯嗟脑?，而痛苦是成就的無可爭議的證據(jù))”可推知，我們對聽有聲讀物可以了解到它通過減少痛苦來削弱成就感。故選B項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,mostofuswerereadtobyadultsbeforewelearnedtoreadourselves,andlisteningtoaudiobooksrecallsthedelightofbeingtoldastory:Therhythmsoftheprose(散文)madeinahumanvoice;thedialogueanimatedthroughtheperformanceofaskillfulreader;theeasewithwhichoureyesarefreetomovesoastobetterimaginethedevelopmentoftheplot.(然而，我們大多數(shù)人在學(xué)會閱讀之前，就已經(jīng)被大人讀給自己聽了，聽有聲讀物會讓我們回想起聽故事時(shí)的喜悅：用人聲朗誦的散文的節(jié)奏;通過熟練讀者的表演，對話變得生動起來；我們的眼睛可以自由地移動，以便更好地想象情節(jié)的發(fā)展)”可知，在臥室里自由走動不是聽故事帶來的快樂。故選D項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Storytellingmayhaveappearedtodeepencommunitybondsormodelunfamiliarsituationsinwaysthatmighthaveincreasedchancesofsurvival.(講故事似乎可以加深社區(qū)聯(lián)系，或者以可能增加生存機(jī)會的方式為不熟悉的情況建模)”可推知，講故事或許有助于生存。故選A項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ifyoufindthatyourmindiswanderingorthatyou’renotabletofullyentertherealityofthestory,considerthatthismightbeaproblemwiththecontent.(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走神了，或者你無法完全進(jìn)入故事的現(xiàn)實(shí)，考慮一下這可能是內(nèi)容的問題)”可推知，作者可能會同意的觀點(diǎn)是當(dāng)閱讀不能滿足讀者時(shí)，內(nèi)容可能是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage22022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇泰州·高一泰州中學(xué)?？计谥蠥studyofalmost2,700childrenagedbetweensevenandtenin38schoolsinBarceiona,Spain,firstresearchestheimpactoftrafficnoiseonchildcognitive(認(rèn)知的)developmentovertime.Thechildreninthestudyareinacriticalstageforthedevelopmentofmemoryandattentionskill,whichareessentialtolearning.Theresearchfoundthatchildrenexposedtoaboutthreetimesmoretrafficinthestreetthanotherchildrenhadmemorydevelopmentthatwas23%slowerandattentionabilitydevelopment5%sloweroverayear.Noiseisthesecondmostdamagingenvironmentalfactortohealth,afterairpollution,and,forexample,wasalreadyknowntoincreaseheartattacksinadults.TheUNsaidthaturbannoisepollutionwasgrowingintoaglobalpublichealththreat,leadingto12,000earlydeathsayearintheEUaloneandaffectingmanycities.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 Butresearchontheimpactofroadnoiseonchildrenwaslimiteduntilnow.“Wedonotknowthatnoisecanactuallybetoxic(有害的)fromaphysicalpointofview,”saidDr.MariaForaster,fromtheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth,wholedthestudy.“Wethinkthatweadapttoit,butresearchhasshownthatwedon’tcompletely—westillhaveaphysiological(生理的)response.Theresearchrevealedthatpeaksofnoiseheardinsidetheclassroom,suchasthepassingofloudtrucks,hadmoreimpactthanahigheraveragelevelofnoise.Italsofoundhighernoiselevelsatschoolweremoredamagingthanathome.Prof.IroiseDumontheil,atBirkbeck,UniversityofLondon,UK,said,“Thiscarefullydesignedstudyprovidesconvincingevidence.ConsideringthatmanyEuropeanchildrenlivinginlargecitiesareexposedtohighroad-trafficnoiselevels,thisstudyhasimplicationsforpublicpolicytoreduceroad-trafficnoisenearschools.”Theresearchfollowspreviousworkthatshowedhigherlevelsofaircraftnoiseatschoolaffectedreadingcomprehensionandcognitivedevelopment.Next,theauthorssaid,theywouldliketoseetheirfindingsreplicated(復(fù)制)indifferentcitiesandtowns,whereschoolsmaybebuiltdifferentlyandwindowsopenedmoreorlessoften.5.WhatcanwelearnfromMariaForaster’swords?A.Wearetroubledbynose.B.Welackconfidenceinherstudy.C.Wetryhardtoadapttonoise.D.Wearen’tfullyawareoftheharmofnoisetohumans.6.WhatisIroiseDumontheil’sattitudetowardsthestudy?A.Curious.B.Favorable.C.CautiousD.Unsatisfied.7.Whatmighttheresearchteamfocusonnext?A.Findingsolutionstoreducingnoise.B.Helpingstudentstorealizetheimpactofnoise.C.Confirmingtheirfindingsindifferentareas.D.Studyingthedifferencesbetweenvariousnoises.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PoliciesontrafficnoiseshouldbeimprovedB.Trafficnoiseslowschildren’smemorydevelopmentC.Trafficnoisehasagrowingimpactonpeople’shealthD.Attentionshouldbepaidtotheenvironmentaroundschools【答案】5.D6.B7.C8.B學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Barceiona對38所學(xué)校的2700名7至10歲兒童進(jìn)行了研究，首次研究了交通噪音對兒童認(rèn)知發(fā)展的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其他孩子相比，在大街上接觸的交通量大約是其他孩子的三倍，這些孩子的記憶力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢23%，注意力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢5%。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中““Wedonotknowthatnoisecanactuallybetoxic(有害的)fromaphysicalpointofview,”saidDr.MariaForaster(MariaForaster博士說:“從物理角度來看，我們并不知道噪音實(shí)際上是有毒的?！?”可知，從MariaForaster的話中我們可以知道的是我們還沒有完全意識到噪音對人類的危害。故選D。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Prof.IroiseDumontheil,atBirkbeck,UniversityofLondon,UK,said,“Thiscarefullydesignedstudyprovidesconvincingevidence.ConsideringthatmanyEuropeanchildrenlivinginlargecitiesareexposedtohighroad-trafficnoiselevels,thisstudyhasimplicationsforpublicpolicytoreduceroad-trafficnoisenearschools.”(英國倫敦大學(xué)Birkbeck分校的IroiseDumontheil教授說:“這項(xiàng)精心設(shè)計(jì)的研究提供了令人信服的證據(jù)?？紤]到許多生活在大城市中的歐洲兒童暴露在高道路交通噪音水平下，這項(xiàng)研究對于減少學(xué)校附近道路交通噪音的公共政策具有啟示意義?！?”可推知，IroiseDumontheil對這項(xiàng)研究的態(tài)度是贊成的，故選B。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Next,theauthorssaid,theywouldliketoseetheirfindingsreplicated(復(fù)制)indifferentcitiesandtowns,whereschoolsmaybebuiltdifferentlyandwindowsopenedmoreorlessoften.(接下來，作者說，他們希望看到他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同的城市和城鎮(zhèn)得到復(fù)制，在這些地方，學(xué)校的建筑可能會有所不同，窗戶或多或少會打開。)”可知，研究小組下一步可能在不同地區(qū)確認(rèn)他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。8.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Astudyofalmost2,700childrenagedbetweensevenandtenin38schoolsinBarceiona,Spain,firstresearchestheimpactoftrafficnoiseonchildcognitive(認(rèn)知的)developmentovertime.(Barceiona對38所學(xué)校的2700名7至10歲兒童進(jìn)行了研究，首次研究了交通噪音對兒童認(rèn)知發(fā)展的影響。)”和第二段中“Theresearchfoundthatchildrenexposedtoaboutthreetimesmoretrafficinthestreetthanotherchildrenhadmemorydevelopmentthatwas23%slowerandattentionabilitydevelopment5%sloweroverayear.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其他孩子相比，在大街上接觸的交通量大約是其他孩子的三倍，這些孩子的記憶力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢23%，注意力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢5%。)”可知，文章主要介紹了Barceiona對38所學(xué)校的2700名7至10學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 歲兒童進(jìn)行了研究，首次研究了交通噪音對兒童認(rèn)知發(fā)展的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其他孩子相比，在大街上接觸的交通量大約是其他孩子的三倍，這些孩子的記憶力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢23%，注意力發(fā)展比其他孩子慢5%。由此可知，B項(xiàng)“交通噪音減緩兒童記憶力的發(fā)展”適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選B。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇蘇州·高一統(tǒng)考期中FreeWi-Fihasbecomeincrediblyimportanttous:manystoresandshoppingmallsofferit,restaurantsuseittoattractcustomers,andforlibrariesandcoffeeshopsitisamust-haveservice.Evenwhenpeoplearetraveling,theyscanforfreeWi-Fi,which,accordingtoresearchreleasedbyLondon’sAmbaHotelonDec4,hasbecomethemostimportantstandardforselectingahotel.Accordingtothesurvey,asmanyas67percentoftravelersquestionedsaidthatfreeWi-Fiwouldmakethemmorelikelytochooseaccommodation,aboveotherthingssuchasthehotel’slocationandfriendlystaff.Whenratingahotelthatthey’dalreadystayedin,sixintentravelersbelievedthatunlimitedWi-Fiwasthemostimportantfactorintheirrating.“Today,peopletreattheirsmartphones,tabletsandlaptopslikeclotheswhentheyareabouttotraveltosomeplaces.Theywillneverforgettopackitintothesuitcase,”saidtheDailyMail.“WerelyonfreeWi-Fiheavilywhentraveling––especiallywhenitcomestocheckingsocialmedia,searchingfortraveltips,andaccessingwebsites.”However,despitetheopportunitiesthatfreeWi-Figivesus,“ourover-relianceontechnologyhascomeataprice,withtravelersfeelingunabletoescapesocialmedia”,saidLonelyPlanet,theworld’slargesttravelguidebrand.AnitaIsalska,LonelyPlaneteditorandtechaddict,wasforcedtounplugwhenshewasstuckinanisolated(隔絕的)campinGreenlandrecently.“Adjustingtothisslowerpace,itbegantodawnonme:somewhere,somehow,socialmediahadchangedintoareflex(條件反射),”shewrote.“IhadbelievedIwascapturingmoments,butinrealitymybusythumbswerepreventingmefromenjoyingtravel’smostprofoundpleasures.Howfullycanyouappreciateahugeglacierormeadow(草地)ofwildflowerswhenyourbrainissubconsciously(潛意識地)selectingtherightphotofilter(濾鏡),ortheperfectsixsecondstofilm?”InSeptember,thebrandreleased10predictionsforthefutureofglobaltravel.Oneofthemwasthattrueescapeswillbehighlyvaluedinfuture,soremotehotelswillstarttomaketheirlackofInternetintoafeature.Wouldyouliketohaveanunpluggedholiday?9.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A.Toargueagainstpeople’sover-relianceonWi-Fi.B.Topredictwhatglobaltravelwillbelikeinthefuture.C.Toprotestagainsttravelers’standardwhenselectingahotel.D.TostressthegrowingimportanceoffreeWi-Fiindailylives.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 10.WhydotravelersattachimportancetofreeWi-Fiwhenselectingahotel?A.TheybelievehotelswithfreeWi-Fiusuallyhavebetterlocations.B.TheythinkhotelswithfreeWi-Fiarelikelytoprovidebetterservice.C.TheydependonfreeWi-Fitochecksocialmediaandaccesswebsites.D.TheyhopetoenjoymoreprofoundpleasureswhileusingfreeWi-Fi.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unplug”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Checksocialmedia.B.Calloffatravellingplan.C.Appreciatebeautifulscenery.D.Disconnectfromdigitaldevices.12.WhatisthelessonAnitaIsalskalearnedfromtheisolatedcampsheattendedinGreenlandrecently?A.Travelersshouldadapttoaslowerpacewhencheckingsocialmedia.B.Addictiontosocialmediahasnegativelyaffectedthequalityoftravel.C.Travelersshouldtakemorephotosandvideosduringtheirjourneys.D.Beautifulscenerycouldbeappreciatedbetteriffilmsareshotcautiously.【答案】9.A10.C11.D12.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了WiFi在旅行過程中的重要性，但沒有WiFi的酒店也在開始成為酒店的特色。9.推理判斷題。第一段提到“FreeWi-Fihasbecomeincrediblyimportanttous:manystoresandshoppingmallsofferit,restaurantsuseittoattractcustomers,andforlibrariesandcoffeeshopsitisamust-haveservice.”(免費(fèi)Wi-Fi對我們來說已經(jīng)變得非常重要:許多商店和購物中心提供免費(fèi)Wi-Fi，餐館用它來吸引顧客，對于圖書館和咖啡館來說，這是一項(xiàng)必不可少的服務(wù)。)但是在文章最后一段又提到“Oneofthemwasthattrueescapeswillbehighlyvaluedinfuture,soremotehotelswillstarttomaketheirlackofInternetintoafeature.Wouldyouliketohaveanunpluggedholiday?”(其中之一是，真正的逃離將在未來受到高度重視，因此偏遠(yuǎn)的酒店將開始把缺乏互聯(lián)網(wǎng)變成一種特色。你想過一個(gè)不插電的假期嗎?)現(xiàn)在人們對于WiFi特別依賴，在外面玩的時(shí)候也想要找有WiFi的酒店，但最近的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們也想要逃離有WiFi的地方，去盡量的放松自己。因此作者是在反對人們對WiFi的過分依賴。故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段最后一句提到“WerelyonfreeWi-Fiheavilywhentraveling––especiallywhenitcomestocheckingsocialmedia,searchingfortraveltips,andaccessingwebsites.”(我們在旅行時(shí)嚴(yán)重依賴免費(fèi)Wi-Fi，尤其是在查看社交媒體、搜索旅行提示和訪問網(wǎng)站時(shí)。)由此判斷，旅行者在旅行的時(shí)候要查看社交媒體、搜索旅行提示和訪問網(wǎng)站，所以他們需要找一個(gè)有免費(fèi)WiFi的酒店。故選C。11.詞義猜測題。第六段提到“whenshewasstuckinanisolated(隔絕的)campinGreenland學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 recently”(被困在格陵蘭島一個(gè)與世隔絕的營地)由此判斷，《孤獨(dú)星球》的編輯被困在格陵蘭島一個(gè)與世隔絕的營地，說明當(dāng)時(shí)什么都沒有，因此也不會有電子設(shè)備或者是WiFi。此處指的是“和電子設(shè)備失聯(lián)”。故選D。12.推理判斷題。第六段提到“IhadbelievedIwascapturingmoments,butinrealitymybusythumbswerepreventingmefromenjoyingtravel’smostprofoundpleasures.”(我認(rèn)為我是在捕捉瞬間，但實(shí)際上，我忙碌的大拇指讓我無法享受旅行中最深刻的樂趣。)由此判斷，AnitaIsalska認(rèn)為如果對社交媒體上癮的話就會影響旅行的質(zhì)量，無法享受旅行的樂趣。故選B。熱點(diǎn)考向03人與社會--社會問題與社會現(xiàn)象Passage12022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高一揚(yáng)州中學(xué)校考期中It’seasytobelievethatrobotsarestealingjobsfromhumanworkersandbadlyaffectthejobmarket;afterall,you’velikelyheardthattheyaretrackingandmovingpackageswithouttheuseofhumanhands.Butthere’snoneedtoworryaboutarobottakeoverjustyet,saysanewstudyfromBYUsociologyprofessorEricDahlin.Dahlin’sresearchfoundthatrobotsaren’treplacinghumansattheratemostpeoplethink,butpeoplearelikelytogreatlyexaggerate(夸大)therateofrobottakeover.Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenjoblossandrobots,Dahlinsurveyednearly2,000peopleabouttheirviewsonjobsbeingreplacedbyrobots.Theywerefirstaskedtoguesswhatisthepercentageofemployeeswhoseemployershavereplacedjobswithrobots.Theywerethenaskedwhethertheiremployershaveeverreplacedtheirjobswithrobots.Thestudyfoundthatonly14%ofworkerssaythey’veseentheirjobreplacedbyarobot.Butthosewhohaveexperiencedjobdisplacementduetoarobotoverstatetheeffectofrobotstakingjobsfromhumansbyaboutthreetimes.“Ourunderstandingofrobotstakingoverjobsisgreatlyexaggerated,”saysDahlin.Thosewhohaven’tlostjobsoverstateitbyaboutdouble,andthosewhohavelostjobsoverstateitbyaboutthreetimes.Eye-catchingheadlinessayingabadfutureofemploymenthavelikelyoverblownthesituationofrobotstakingoverjobs.Thefindingfitsearlystudies,whichsuggestthatrobotsaren’treplacingworkers.Rather,workplaces,wherebothemployeesandrobotsareworkingtogether,delivermorevalueinaway.“Aneverydayexampleisanautonomousmachineatyourlocaldepartmentstore,”saysDahlin.“Thisrobotcleansthefloorswhileemployeescleanundershelvesorotherdifficult-to-reachplaces.”1.HowdidEricDahlincarryouthisresearch?A.Byaskingpeoplequestions.B.Bycomparingearlystudies.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 C.Byinterviewingemployers.D.Bystudyingnewbusinesses.2.Whatmightaddtopeople’sworryaboutrobottakeoveraccordingtothetext?A.Lowpay.B.Physicalhealth.C.Newsreports.D.Fewerworkplaces.3.WhichstatementwillEricDahlinprobablyagreewith?A.Robotscanworkashumanpartners.B.Jobmarketswillbeaffectedseriously.C.Allhumanworkerswillbereplaced.D.Workexperiencematterstoomuch.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了楊百翰大學(xué)社會學(xué)教授埃里克·達(dá)林(EricDahlin)的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，目前還沒有必要擔(dān)心機(jī)器人會接管人類。達(dá)林的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，機(jī)器人取代人類的速度并不像大多數(shù)人想象的那樣快，但人們可能會大大夸大機(jī)器人取代人類的速度。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Tounderstandtherelationshipbetweenjoblossandrobots,Dahlinsurveyednearly2,000peopleabouttheirviewsonjobsbeingreplacedbyrobots.Theywerefirstaskedtoguesswhatisthepercentageofemployeeswhoseemployershavereplacedjobswithrobots.Theywerethenaskedwhethertheiremployershaveeverreplacedtheirjobswithrobots.”(為了了解失業(yè)和機(jī)器人之間的關(guān)系，達(dá)林調(diào)查了近2000人對機(jī)器人取代工作的看法。他們首先被要求猜測雇主用機(jī)器人取代工作的員工比例。然后，他們被問及雇主是否曾用機(jī)器人取代過他們的工作。)可推知，埃里克·達(dá)林是通過問別人問題來進(jìn)行他的研究的。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Eye-catchingheadlinessayingabadfutureofemploymenthavelikelyoverblownthesituationofrobotstakingoverjobs.”(引人注目的頭條新聞稱，就業(yè)前景堪憂，這可能夸大了機(jī)器人取代人類工作的情況。)可知，新聞報(bào)道會增加人們對機(jī)器人接管的擔(dān)憂。故選C項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thefindingfitsearlystudies,whichsuggestthatrobotsaren’treplacingworkers.Rather,workplaces,wherebothemployeesandrobotsareworkingtogether,delivermorevalueinaway.“Aneverydayexampleisanautonomousmachineatyourlocaldepartmentstore,”saysDahlin.“Thisrobotcleansthefloorswhileemployeescleanundershelvesorotherdifficult-to-reachplaces.””(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)符合早期的研究，即機(jī)器人不會取代工人。相反，員工和機(jī)器人一起工作的工作場所在某種程度上創(chuàng)造了更多的價(jià)值。達(dá)林說：“一個(gè)日常的例子是你當(dāng)?shù)匕儇浌镜淖詣訖C(jī)器。“當(dāng)員工清潔貨架下面或其他難以觸及的地方時(shí)，這個(gè)機(jī)器人會清潔地板?！?可推知，埃里克·達(dá)林可能會同意機(jī)器人可以作為人類的伙伴工作這一說法。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage2學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 2022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇南京·高一校聯(lián)考期中Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.Researchersanalyzedsmartphonedatafrom780people.Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.Theresearchersthentestedwhethermodelscouldidentifyanindividualwhenprovidedwithonlyasingledayofsmartphoneactivitythatwasanonymous(匿名的).Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.Thatmightnotsoundlikemuch,butwhenthemodelspredictwhothedatabelongedto,itcouldalsoprovidealistofthemosttotheleastlikelycandidates.Itwaspossibletoviewthetop10mostlikelyindividualsthataspecificdayofdatabelongedto.Around75%ofthetime,thecorrectuserwouldbeamongthetop10mostlikelyindividuals.Inpracticalterms,alawenforcement(執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu))investigationseekingtoidentifyacriminal’snewphonewiththesemodelscouldreduceacandidatepoolofapproximately1,000phonesto10phones,witha25%riskofmissingthem.Consequently,theresearcherswarnthatsoftwaregivenaccesstoasmartphone’sstandardactivityloggingcouldmakeareasonablepredictionaboutauser’sidentityevenwhentheywerelogged-outoftheiraccount.Anidentificationispossiblewithoutmonitoringconversationsorbehaviorswithinappsthemselves.Therefore,itisimportanttoacknowledgethatappusagedataalone,whichisoftencollectedbyasmartphoneautomatically,canpotentiallyrevealaperson’sidentity.Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainandevelopment.B.Topresentaresearchfinding.C.Toshowaresearchprocess.D.Toconfirmanassumption.5.Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?A.Byrecordingappusetime.B.Bycomparingdifferentapps.C.Bystudyingappusagedata.D.Bychangingappusepatterns.6.Whatisthefunctionofthestatisticalmodels?學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 A.Locatingcriminals.B.Trackingusageofapps.C.Predictingtrendsofapps.D.Recognizingphoneusers.7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsappusagedata?A.SupportiveB.Cautious.C.Doubtful.D.Uninterested.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文，講述了一項(xiàng)研究，一個(gè)人使用智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序留下的數(shù)據(jù)可以泄露個(gè)人身份。4.推理判斷題。文章第一段講到“Thetimeapersonspendsondifferentsmartphoneappsisenoughtoidentifythemfromalargergroupinmorethanoneinthreecases,sayresearchers.(研究人員表示，在超過三分之一的案例中，一個(gè)人在不同的智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間足以從一個(gè)更大的群體中識別出他們)”可知這篇文章的目的是提出一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。5.推理判斷題。文章第二段講到“Theyfed4,680daysofappusagedataintostatisticalmodels.Eachofthesedayswaspairedwithoneofthe780userssothatthemodelslearnedpeople’sdailyappusepatterns.(他們將4680天的應(yīng)用使用數(shù)據(jù)輸入到統(tǒng)計(jì)模型中。每天與780名用戶中的一名進(jìn)行配對，以便于這些模型可以了解人們的日常應(yīng)用使用模式)”可知研究人員通過研究應(yīng)用程序的使用數(shù)據(jù)來得出結(jié)論，故選C。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第三段講到“Themodels,whichweretrainedononlysixdaysofappusagedataperperson,couldidentifythecorrectpersonfromadayofanonymousdataonethirdofthetime.(這些模型只接受了六天的應(yīng)用程序使用數(shù)據(jù)訓(xùn)練，就可以在這個(gè)時(shí)間的三分之一的時(shí)間里從一天的匿名數(shù)據(jù)中識別出正確的人)”可知這些模型的功能是識別手機(jī)用戶，故選D。7.推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Whileprovidingnewopportunitiesforlawenforcement,italsoposesriskstoprivacyifthistypeofdataismisused.(在為執(zhí)法提供新機(jī)會的同時(shí)，如果這類數(shù)據(jù)被濫用，也會對隱私造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知作者對待應(yīng)用程序使用數(shù)據(jù)的態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的，故選B。Passage32022-2023學(xué)年下學(xué)期·江蘇蘇州·高一蘇州中學(xué)?？计谥蠾eallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe’retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughoursentencewe’reinterrupted(打斷).Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips,Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglishspeakerstobetterunderstandwhataffectspeople’sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistento學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 audioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwogroups:highandlowIntensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsofsilenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameobviouswhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同時(shí))chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.“Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”8.WhatdoesHilton’sresearchfocuson?A.Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople.B.Whetherinterruptionisgoodornot.C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.D.Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.9.Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.C.Listentooneanother.D.Haveachatwithafriend.10.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?A.It’simportant.B.It’sinterestingC.It’sinefficient.D.It’simpolite.11.WhatcanwelearnfromHilton’sresearch?A.Conversationalstylesaffectperceptionsofinterruptions.B.Communicationistheverybasisofoureverydaylife.C.Interruptionsduringconversationscontributetothinking.D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexistregardlessofthecontent.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，在談話中被打斷是否會帶來不愉快，因人而異。學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.(但這真的是打擾嗎？根據(jù)斯坦福大學(xué)凱瑟琳·希爾頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究，答案取決于你問誰。)”和第四段第二、三句“Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.(高強(qiáng)度組報(bào)告說，人們在表達(dá)同意的同時(shí)說話的對話不會被打斷，而是比在說話之間保持沉默的對話更投入、更友好。相比之下，低強(qiáng)度組認(rèn)為任何數(shù)量的同時(shí)聊天都是粗魯?shù)拇驍啵还苷f話人在說什么。)”可知，文章主要說明了“打斷”對不同的人來說，意義不同，即“打斷”對人們意味著什么。故選A項(xiàng)。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.(她讓參與者聽一些音頻片段，然后回答一些問題，比如說話者看起來是否友好、投入、彼此傾聽，還是試圖打斷。)”可知，參與者們需要在聽完音頻后回答一些問題。故選B。10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.(低強(qiáng)度說話者覺得同時(shí)說話很不禮貌，他們更喜歡人們在談話中一個(gè)接一個(gè)地說話。)”可推知，對于低強(qiáng)度聊天者來說，同時(shí)聊天是粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的。故選D。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameobviouswhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同時(shí))chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.(希爾頓說，當(dāng)參與者聽兩個(gè)人同時(shí)說話的音頻片段時(shí)，談話風(fēng)格的差異變得明顯起來，這些音頻片段中兩人的意見一致，并保持在主題上。高強(qiáng)度組報(bào)告說，人們在表達(dá)同意的同時(shí)說話的對話不會被打斷，而是比在說話之間保持沉默的對話更投入、更友好。相比之下，無論說話人在說什么，低強(qiáng)度組都認(rèn)為同時(shí)聊天是一種粗魯?shù)拇驍唷?”和最后一段““Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 “Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”(“人們很在意被打斷，而這些小的干擾會對整體交流產(chǎn)生巨大影響，”希爾頓說?！叭绻覀兿肓私馊祟愔g是如何互動的，就必須分解中斷的含義。”)”可推知，會話風(fēng)格會影響對中斷的感知。故選A。學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司 學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司學(xué)科網(wǎng)（北京）股份有限公司