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東城區(qū)2022—2023學年度高一第二學期期末教學統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共三節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)選詞填空(共13小題;每小題1分，共13分)A用方框中的單詞或短語完成句子。decoratebeyondgenerousintelligentfunctionkeeptrackoftryoutadaptto1.It’svery________ofyoutolendmeyourbook.2.Themachinedoesn’t________wellincoldweather.3.After30years,thetownhaschanged________recognition.4.Anyonewithmusicaltalentcan________forthecompetition.5.Whenimportantfestivalsapproach,wewill________thehouses.6.EverytimeIgooutforawalk,Iusethisappto________mysteps.7.Tobecomeanastronaut,youmustbe________enoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.8.Scientistsareconcernedthatit’sdifficultforanimalsto________theclimatechange.【答案】1.generous2.function3.beyond4.tryout5.decorate6.keeptrackof7.intelligent8.adaptto【解析】【1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：你把你的書借給我真是太慷慨了。根據(jù)空前的“It’s”，這里應用形容詞，作表語。結(jié)合空后的“l(fā)endmeyourbook”，這里是說你非?？犊?。generous意為“慷慨的”。故填generous?！?題詳解】 考查動詞。句意：這臺機器在寒冷的天氣里運轉(zhuǎn)不好。根據(jù)空前的“doesn’t”，空處應用動詞原形。根據(jù)空后的“well”，這里是說機器運轉(zhuǎn)不好。function意為“運轉(zhuǎn)”，為不及物動詞。故填function?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：30年后，這個小鎮(zhèn)已經(jīng)變得讓人認不出來了。changebeyondrecognition意為“變得面目全非，滄海桑田”，為固定搭配。故填beyond。【4題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：任何有音樂天賦的人都可以參加比賽的選拔。根據(jù)空前的can，這里應用動詞原形。根據(jù)空后的“forthecompetition”可知，這里表示參加比賽的選拔，tryoutfor意為“參加……的選拔（或試演）”。故填tryout?！?題詳解】考查動詞。句意：當重要的節(jié)日臨近時，我們會裝飾房子。根據(jù)句中的“importantfestivalsapproach”，重大節(jié)日到來時需要裝飾房子。decorate意為“裝飾”，為及物動詞。故填decorate?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：每次我出去散步時，我都會使用這個應用程序來記錄我的步數(shù)。根據(jù)空后的“mysteps”，這里是說用應用程序紀錄步數(shù)。keeptrackof意為“了解……的情況/動態(tài)”。故填keeptrackof。【7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：要成為一名宇航員，你必須足夠聰明以便獲得相關(guān)的大學學位。根據(jù)空后的“getarelatedcollegedegree”，這里是說要聰明到能夠獲得相關(guān)大學學位。intelligent意為“聰明的”。故填intelligent。8題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：科學家們擔心動物很難適應氣候變化。根據(jù)空后的“theclimatechange”，這里是說適應氣候變化。空前有不定式符號to，這里應用動詞原形。adaptto意為“適應”。故填adaptto。B用方框中單詞的正確形式完成句子。extinctdefiniteequipusualenergy9.Workingoutregularly,heisalways________.10.Nevergoclimbingwithouttheproper________.11.Theboy’s________behaviourpuzzledthedoctor.12.Manyendangeredspeciesarenowfacingthedangerof________. 13.Itwasanamazingatmosphere—________thebestoneI’veeverexperienced.【答案】9.energetic10.equipment11.unusual12.extinction13.definitely【解析】【9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他經(jīng)常鍛煉，總是精力充沛。根據(jù)“Workingoutregularly”可知，此處是指總是精力充沛，名詞energy意為“精力”，此處應用其形容詞形式energetic表示“精力充沛的”作表語。故填energetic。【10題詳解】考查名詞。句意：沒有適當?shù)难b備，千萬不要去爬山。根據(jù)“Nevergoclimbing”可知，此處是指沒有適當?shù)难b備，所以應用動詞equip“配備”的名詞形式equipment表示“設(shè)備”作賓語，不可數(shù)名詞。故填equipment?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這個男孩的反常行為使醫(yī)生感到困惑。根據(jù)“puzzledthedoctor”可知，此處是指這個男孩的反常行為，所以應用形容詞usual的反義詞unusual表示“反常的”作定語。故填unusual。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多瀕危物種正面臨滅絕的危險。根據(jù)“Manyendangeredspecies”可知，此處是指正面臨滅絕的危險，形容詞extinct意為“滅絕的”，此處應用其名詞形式extinction表示“滅絕”作賓語，不可數(shù)名詞。故填extinction。【13題詳解】考查副詞。句意：那是一種令人驚嘆的氣氛——絕對是我經(jīng)歷過的最好的氣氛。根據(jù)“Itwasanamazingatmosphere”可知，此處是指絕對是“我”經(jīng)歷過的最好的氣氛，所以應用形容詞definite“肯定的”的副詞形式definitely表示“絕對地”作狀語。故填definitely。第二節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。GusWhitewasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhespottedapairofdogsintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwas snowingsohard.Whatweretheydoingouthere,whenitwastoo____14____fordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckandapproachedtheanimals.He____15____hishandstothem,whichmadenoefforttoescape.Heplacedthedogsonthepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggled(依偎)togetherthere.Gustookapictureofthepairand____16____ittohiswife,KatieWhite.Thenhecalledthe____17____fromthedogs’IDtags.Amananswered.“Igavethosedogsaway,”themansaid.“Well,doyouwantthemback?”“No.”Themanhungup.Thesedogswere____18____inthisworld.Guslookedoveratthem,theirlargeeyesbegging.HecalledKatie.“Bringthemhome”,shesaid.TheWhitespreparedabedforthedogs,alsosettingoutfoodandwater.Asaboy,Gushaddreamedofowningdogsbut____19____thispairwasoutofthequestion—theWhitesalreadyhadafamilydog.Thenextday,theytookthedogstoa____20____todropthemoff—ononecondition.“I’mnotsigningthedogsovertoyouifyou’regoingto____21____them,”Katiesaid.Theshelterworkerspromisedherthey’dkeepthecoupletogether.Inthedaysfollowing,Katiephonedtheshelter____22____tocheckuponPepperandCooper.Soon,thedogswereadopted,asapair,toalovingfamily.It’sasimplestorybutitspeakstothebestofour____23____14.A.wetB.lateC.windyD.cold15.A.reachedoutB.spreadoutC.gaveoutD.pushedout16.A.handedB.tookC.sentD.donated17.A.policeB.passengerC.nameD.number18.A.importantB.fearlessC.friendlyD.homeless19.A.keepingB.curingC.attendingD.training20.A.shopB.shelterC.parkD.street21.A.leaveB.adoptC.separateD.treat22.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.repeatedlyD.hardly23.A.powerB.natureC.knowledgeD.worth【答案】14.D15.A16.C17.D18.D19.A20.B21.C22.C23.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。格斯在一個大雪天的路上遇到了一對被拋棄的狗，格斯救助了它們，但是由于家里已經(jīng)有了一只狗而無法再養(yǎng)它們，格斯和妻子把它們送到了收容所，并一直詢問它們的情況，很快，這對狗被一個很有愛的家庭收養(yǎng)了?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意；天氣太冷了，狗不能出去，它們在外面干什么？A.wet濕的；B. late遲到的；C.windy風大的；D.cold寒冷的。根據(jù)前文“Itwassnowingsohard.(雪下得很大。)”可知，此處是指天氣太冷了。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他向它們伸出雙手，它們沒有試圖逃跑。A.reachedout伸出；B.spreadout展開；C.gaveout分發(fā)；D.pushedout推出。根據(jù)“hishandstothem”可知，此處是指他向它們伸出雙手。故選A。【16題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：格斯給這對狗拍了張照片，發(fā)給了他的妻子凱蒂·懷特。A.handed遞；B.took拿走；C.sent發(fā)送；D.donated捐贈。根據(jù)“Gustookapictureofthepair”可知，此處是指把照片發(fā)給了他的妻子。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他撥打了狗的身份牌上的號碼。A.police警察；B.passenger乘客；C.name名字；D.number號碼。根據(jù)后文“Amananswered.(一個男人接聽了電話。)”可知，此處是指他撥打了狗的身份牌上的號碼。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：狗狗們在這個世界上無家可歸了。A.important重要的；B.fearless無畏的；C.friendly友好的；D.homeless無家可歸的。根據(jù)前文“Igavethosedogsaway(狗我不要了)”可知，此處是指狗狗們在這個世界上無家可歸了。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當格斯還是個孩子的時候，他就夢想著養(yǎng)狗，但不可能養(yǎng)這兩只狗——懷特家已經(jīng)有了一只狗。A.keeping養(yǎng)；B.curing治愈；C.attending出席；D.training訓練。根據(jù)“theWhitesalreadyhadafamilydog”可知，此處是指不可能養(yǎng)這兩只狗。故選A。【20題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：第二天，他們把狗送到收容所，但有一個條件。A.shop商店；B.shelter收容所；C.park公園；D.street街。根據(jù)后文“Inthedaysfollowing,Katiephonedtheshelter”可知，此處是指他們把狗送到收容所。故選B。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“如果你們要把狗分開，我不會把它們交給你們的?！眲P蒂說。A.leave離開；B.adopt采用；C.separate分開；D.treat接待。根據(jù)后文“Theshelterworkerspromisedherthey’dkeepthecoupletogether.(收容所的工作人員向她保證，他們會讓這對狗在一起。)”可知，此處是指凱蒂讓工作人員保證不把這對狗分開。故選C。 【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的幾天里，凱蒂不斷給收容所打電話，詢問佩珀和庫珀的情況。A.unwillingly不情愿地；B.casually隨意地；C.repeatedly不斷地；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)“Inthedaysfollowing”可知，此處是指凱蒂不斷給收容所打電話。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個簡單的故事，但它道出了我們本性中最美好的一面。A.power力量；B.nature本性；C.knowledge知識；D.worth價值。根據(jù)“itspeakstothebestofour”可知，此處是指故事道出了我們本性中最美好的一面。故選B。第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。In2009,Whitacrereceivedavideoofagirl____24____wassingingoneofhisworks.Inspired,heaskedhisfans____25____(make)videos,whichhethenjoinedtogetherintooneperformance.Hisfirstvirtualchoirhad185singers____26____12differentcountries.IthasreceivedmillionsofviewsontheInternet.Sincethen,thevirtualchoir____27____(become)aworldwidephenomenon.【答案】24.who##that25.tomake26.from27.hasbecome【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了虛擬合唱團的來源?！?4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：2009年，惠塔克收到了一段視頻，視頻中有一個女孩在唱他的一首作品。在定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為girl，所以應用關(guān)系代詞who或that。故填who/that?！?5題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：受此啟發(fā)，他讓他的粉絲制作視頻，然后他將這些視頻拼接成一場表演。asksbtodo意為“要求某人做某事”，此處用todo不定式作賓語補足語。故填tomake?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他的第一個虛擬合唱團有來自12個不同國家的185名歌手。根據(jù)“12differentcountries”可知，此處是指來自12個不同國家，所以應用介詞from表示“來自”。故填from?！?7題詳解】 考查現(xiàn)在完成時和主謂一致。句意：從那時起，虛擬合唱團已經(jīng)成為一種全球現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)sincethen可知，此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填hasbecome。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital,butjustafewmonthslater,thedepartment____28____(close)becauseofthewar.____29____(think)ofallthepeoplestillinneedofhelp,DrLinopenedaprivateclinic.Shechargedverylowfeestotreatpatientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.Attimesshewasevenseen____30____(ride)adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.【答案】28.wasclosed29.Thinking30.riding【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了林醫(yī)生在北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院婦產(chǎn)科關(guān)閉后，依然盡自己所能去幫助人們。【28題詳解】考查主謂一致、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：1941年，林醫(yī)生成為有史以來第一位被任命為北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院婦產(chǎn)科主任的中國女性，但僅僅幾個月后，該科因戰(zhàn)爭而關(guān)閉?？仗巄ut作后面分句的謂語。close意為“停業(yè)，關(guān)閉”時既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。作及物動詞時，close和thedepartment之間是動賓關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“In1941”可知，這里應用一般過去時。故填wasclosed。29題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：想到所有仍然需要幫助的人，林醫(yī)生開了一家私人診所。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應用非謂語動詞。think和邏輯主語DrLin之間是主謂關(guān)系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，作原因狀語。故填Thinking?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時甚至有人看到她騎著驢子去遙遠的村莊提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)。seesb.dosth.意為“看到某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作賓語補足語，表示看到動作的全過程，其被動形式為sb.beseentodosth.，不定式作主語補足語；seesb.doingsth.意為“看到某人正在做某事”，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示看到動作正在進行，其被動形式為sb.beseendoingsth.，現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補足語。根據(jù)句意，這里是說看到她當時騎著驢子的瞬間，應用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填riding。 C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheDragonBoatFestivalisatraditionalChineseholiday____31____(celebrate)bymanypeopletoday.It____32____(fall)onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonth.Therearemanyactivitiesandcustoms,suchas____33____(race)dragonboats.Itisalsoanoccasionforfamiliestogatherandforpeopletopayrespecttothefamouspoet,QuYuan.【答案】31.celebrated32.falls33.racing【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了端午節(jié)這一中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：端午節(jié)是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，今天很多人都在慶祝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，本句是一個簡單句，謂語是is，所以空處應用非謂語動詞。邏輯主語atraditionalChineseholiday和celebrate之間是動賓關(guān)系，所以應用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填celebrated?！?2題詳解】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它正好在農(nóng)歷五月初五。fall意為“發(fā)生”，為不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，fallon…意為“適逢某時”。主語為It，謂語應用單數(shù)形式。這里陳述的是客觀事實，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填falls?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這里有許多活動和習俗，例如賽龍舟。suchas“例如”后跟名詞、動名詞等。race意為“使比賽”，其邏輯主語是人，二者之間是主謂關(guān)系，所以這里應用動名詞的一般式。故填racing。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題2分，共20分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AFamilydaysoutcanbeexpensivebutit’spossibletosticktoabudgetduringthesummerholidaysbytakingadvantageofthefollowingactivities.Outdooractivities AtBrimhamRocks,thereisaone-hourrockexploreractivityon14July.Theactivityisfree,althoughcar-parkingchargesapplyfornon-NationalTrustmembers.Whilegettingoutintonaturehaslotsofbenefits,sometimesyouneedanextraactivitytokeepthingsinteresting.Forexample,theWoodlandTrustishostingatreeplantingeventatYonderOakWood,nearExmouthinDevon.Therearemorningandafternoonsessionson18and19July.Itisfreetoattendbutonlinebookingaheadoftimeisessential.RainhamMarshes,theRSPBnaturereserveinPurfleet,Essex,isrunninganartsprogrammeforchildrenagedthreetotenon14July.Youcansignuponlineandticketscost￡3.Itisalsohostingpond-dippingactivitieson15July(upto￡5.50).Arts,craftsandmuseumsForLondonersorthosevisitingthecapitalduringtheholiday,theSouthbankCentreishostingtheImagineChildren’sFestival(until18July),wheremanyeventsarefree,includinghip-hopdanceworkshops,andlivemusicshows.TheTateModernishostingThreads,afreefamilyeventrunningfrom11—19Julywhereyouworktogethertocreateyourownartworkusingcolorfulthreadsandtextiles.TheRoyalAirForceMuseumLondon(freeentry)inHendonhasarangeoffreeactivitiesonofferoverthesamedates,includingarobot-codingworkshop,aradarmathschallengeandtotebagmaking.AndtheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminSouthKensingtonisrunningfreeChinesethemedeventsincludingadrop-inworkshopforfamilieswhereyoumakeatraditionalChinesekite(15—17July).34.Whereisthetreeplantingeventheld?A.AtBrimhamRocks.B.AtYonderOakWood.C.InRSPBnaturereserve.D.IntheSouthbankCentre.35.WhatcanyoudoattheImagineChildren’sFestival?A.Takedanceclasses.B.Createanartwork.C.Learnrobot-coding.D.MakeaChinesekite.36.Thepassageisintendedfor________.A.artistsB.teachersC.guidesD.parents【答案】34.B35.A36.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了兩種暑假期間省錢的家庭旅游活動。【34題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Outdooractivities”下面的“Forexample,theWoodlandTrustishostingatreeplantingeventatYonderOakWood,nearExmouthinDevon.(例如，伍德蘭信托基金會正在德文郡埃克斯茅斯附近的 YonderOakWood舉辦植樹活動)”可知，植樹活動會在YonderOakWood舉辦。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Arts,craftsandmuseums”下面的“ForLondonersorthosevisitingthecapitalduringtheholiday,theSouthbankCentreishostingtheImagineChildren’sFestival(until18July),wheremanyeventsarefree,includinghip-hopdanceworkshops,andlivemusicshows.(對于倫敦人或假期期間參觀首都的人，南岸中心將舉辦想象兒童節(jié)，一直持續(xù)到7月18日，許多活動都是免費的，包括街舞講習班和現(xiàn)場音樂表演)”可知，在ImagineChildren’sFestival可以上舞蹈課。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首句“Familydaysoutcanbeexpensivebutit’spossibletosticktoabudgetduringthesummerholidaysbytakingadvantageofthefollowingactivities.(家庭出游可能會很昂貴，但在暑假期間，可以通過以下活動來堅持預算)”可知，本文主要是介紹了可以省錢的家庭旅游活動，由此可推測出，這篇文章是為家長而準備的。故選D。BHibernationisnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells(細胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit’stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.Thesame,however,can’tbesaidaboutpeoplewhowakeupfromlong-termmedicalcomas(昏迷),oreventhosewhohavetostayinbedforlongperiodsoftime.Suchpeople,justlikeastronautsinmicrogravity,wouldsufferfromawiderangeofsideeffectsthatcomefromnotactivelyusingtheirbodies.Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfuturespaceastronauts.Recently,KellyDrew,aprofessorofchemistryandbiochemistry,hasbeenrewardedforhisresearch.TheideaisthatratherthanhavingastronautssitformonthsinatinyMars-boundcapsule,consumingfood,waterandair,andgraduallywastingawayfromnotdoingmuchinmicrogravity,apartofthecrewmemberscouldbeplacedintohibernation.Thehibernatingastronautswouldn’tneedanyfoodorwaterandcouldmanagewithmuchlessair—yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuchbetterconditionthanthoseoftheirawakecounterparts.“Thisresearchcouldbeusedtohelpfuturemissions,fromtheextremeofmedicallycausedhibernationforlongtermspacemissions,protectingastronautsfromcabinfever,radiation,andmuchmore,”hesaid.“Itcould alsoproveeffectiveinpreventingmuscleandbonelossinzerogravity.”Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlife-threateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.“Thiscouldmeanthatpatientswhohavesufferedfromastrokeorheartattackcouldbeplacedinmedicallycausedhibernationuntiltheycanbetransportedtoahospitaltoreceivecare,whichcouldsignificantlyimprovemedicaloutcomes,”thescientistsaid.37.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph1?A.Theworkingprinciplesofhibernation.B.Theuniquefeaturesofhibernation.C.Themajorreasonsforhibernation.D.Thesideeffectsofhibernation.38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterparts”inParagraph3referto?A.Bonesandmuscles.B.Brains.C.Astronauts.D.Patients.39.Whatwillscientistsprobablydointhefutureresearch?A.Studyhibernatinganimalsinspacemissions.B.Findwaystoputpeopleintohibernation.C.Improvemedicaltreatmentsforpatients.D.Seekcuresforlife-threateningdiseases.【答案】37.B38.C39.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。與睡覺不同，冬眠的動物在醒來時就會恢復活力，沒有任何明顯的副作用，因此，科學家們正在進行冬眠研究，目的是找到讓未來的太空宇航員冬眠的方法，并且，在醫(yī)療環(huán)境中，冬眠狀態(tài)也可以幫助保護那些患有心臟病和中風等危及生命的疾病的病人?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段前五句“Hibernationisnotjustsleep.Whilewesleep,ourbrainsfireupandbecomehighlyactive;inhibernation,onthecontrary,brainactivitycompletelyslowsdown.Thebodytemperatureofhibernatinganimalsalsodrops,insomecasesclosetothefreezingpoint.Cells(細胞)stopdividingandheartratedecreasestotwobeatsperminute.Yet,onceit’stimetowakeup,hibernatinganimalscomebacktolifewithoutanysignificantsideeffectslikefreezing,muscleloss,orlossofbonedensityduringthelongwintermonths.(冬眠不僅僅是睡覺。當我們睡覺時，我們的大腦興奮起來，變得高度活躍；相反，在冬眠中，大腦活動完全減慢。冬眠動物的體溫也會下降，在某些情況下接近冰點。細胞停止分裂，心率下降到每分鐘兩次。然而，一旦醒來，冬眠的動物就會恢復活力，沒有任何明顯的副作用，比如在漫長的冬季里凍死、肌肉損失或骨密度損失)”可知，第一段主要是講冬眠的獨特特點。故選B?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“yettheywouldwakeupwiththeirbonesandmusclesinamuch betterconditionthan(然而，當他們醒來時，他們的骨骼和肌肉狀況要比……好得多)”和awake(醒著的)可知，此處是指進入冬眠狀態(tài)的宇航員在醒來時會比他們醒著的同伴的骨骼和肌肉狀況好得多，所以counterparts是指“宇航員”。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Scientistsarethereforelookingintohibernationresearchwiththeaimofdevelopingwaystocausehibernationinfuturespaceastronauts.(因此，科學家們正在進行冬眠研究，目是找到讓未來的太空宇航員冬眠的方法)”和倒第二段“Thestateofhibernationcouldalsohelpinthemedicalsettingtohelpprotectpatientssufferingfromlife-threateningconditionssuchasheartattacksandstrokes.(在醫(yī)療環(huán)境中，冬眠狀態(tài)也可以幫助保護那些患有心臟病和中風等危及生命的疾病的病人)”可推知，在未來的研究中，科學家可能會想辦法讓人們進入冬眠狀態(tài)。故選B。CWillchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?NewYorkCity’sDepartmentofEducationrecentlybanned(禁止)theuseofChatGPT.“Whilethetoolmaybeabletoprovidequickandeasyanswerstoquestions,”saystheofficialstatement,“itdoesnotbuildcritical-thinkingskills,whicharenecessaryforacademicandlifelongsuccess.”Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.BanningChatGPTisimpossibleinpractice.Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensiveresponsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.It’shardtobelievethatacloseracebetweenthosedigitalnativesandtheireducatorswillendinadecisivevictoryforthelatter.Infact,chatbotsmaywellspeedupatrend(趨向)towardvaluingcriticalthinking.Inaworldwherecomputerscanfluentlyansweranyquestion,studentsneedtogetmuchbetteratdecidingwhatquestionstoaskandhowtofact-checktheanswerstheprogramgenerates.Sohowdoweencourageyoungpeopletousetheirmindswhenrealthinkingissohardtotellapartfromitssimulacrum(假象)?Teachersofcourse,willstillwanttowatchstudentstakingold-fashioned,in-person,no-chatbot-allowedexamstocheckthattheydonotcheat.Butwemustalsofigureouthowtodosomethingnew:howtousetoolslikeGPTtoinspiredeeperthinking.GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable”—butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichtodrop,andlookingforsupportingfacts.GPTcanhelpwiththosetasks,butitcan’tputthemalltogether.Writingagoodessaystillrequireslotsofhumanthoughtandwork.Indeed,writingisthinking,andgoodwritingisgood thinking.Oneapproachistofocusontheprocessasmuchastheresult.Forinstance,teachersmightrequirefourdraftsofanessay.Afterall,asJohnMcPhee,thefamouswriter,said,“thecentralnatureoftheprocessisrevision.”Eachdraftgetsfeedbackfromtheteacher,frompeersorevenfromachatbot.Thenthestudentsproducethenextdraft,andsoon.WillAIonedayoutperformhumanbeingsinthinking?Maybe,butfornow,wemustthinkforourselves.Likeanytool,GPTisanenemyofthinkingonlyifwefailtofindwaystomakeitourpartner.40.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheban?A.Understandable.B.Irresponsible.C.Unwise.D.Necessary.41.WhyisitimpossibletobanChatGPTinpractice?A.Becausestudentsaredigitallyfluent.B.Becauseschoolswilldefendtheban.C.BecauseChatGPTwillkeepdeveloping.D.Becausepeopletreasurecriticalthinking.42.HowdoestheauthorexplainhisideainParagraph6?A.Byquotingothers.B.Bypresentingfacts.C.Bygivingexamples.D.Byshowingsimilarities.43.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.IsGPTaprocessoraresult?B.WillGPToutperformstudents?C.WhyChatbotsbecomeanewtrend?D.HowcanChatbotsserveeducation?【答案】40.C41.A42.B43.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。針對紐約市教育部門最近禁止使用ChatGPT的事件，作者進行了分析和討論，并認為禁止在課堂上使用這種技術(shù)是一種目光短淺的反應，使用ChatGPT依然需要人類進行理性思維和判斷，甚至對人類的批判思考能力有更高的要求，我們應該學會很好地利用這種技術(shù)而不是禁止它?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Banningsuchuseoftechnologyfromtheclassroomisanearsightedresponse.Instead,wemustfindawayforwardinwhichsuchtechnologiescombinewellwith,ratherthanreplace,studentthinking.(禁止在課堂上使用這種技術(shù)是一種目光短淺的反應。相反，我們必須找到一條前進的道路，讓這些技術(shù)與學生的思維很好地結(jié)合在一起，而不是取代學生的思維。)”可知，作者認為這一禁令很不明智。故選C?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Studentswillfindwaysaroundtheban,whichwillcauseafurtherdefensive responsefromteachersandadministrators,andsoon.(學生們會找到繞開禁令的方法，這將引起教師和管理人員進一步的防御性反應，等等。)”可知，不可能在實踐中禁止ChatGPT是因為學生們對數(shù)字技術(shù)很精通。故選A?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后五句“GPToftengeneratestextthatisfluentand“reasonable”—butwrong.Sousingitrequiresthesamementalheavyliftingthatwritingdoes:forminganopinion,creatinganoutline,pickingwhichpointstoexplainandwhichtodrop,andlookingforsupportingfacts.GPTcanhelpwiththosetasks,butitcan’tputthemalltogether.Writingagoodessaystillrequireslotsofhumanthoughtandwork.Indeed,writingisthinking,andgoodwritingisgoodthinking.(GPT通常生成流暢且“合理”的文本，但卻是錯誤的。因此，使用它需要和寫作一樣的腦力勞動：形成觀點，創(chuàng)建大綱，選擇要解釋哪些要點，哪些要點要放棄，尋找支持事實。GPT可以幫助完成這些任務(wù)，但它不能把它們放在一起。寫一篇好文章仍然需要很多人的思考和工作。的確，寫作就是思考，好的寫作就是好的思考。)”可知，作者通過陳述事實來解釋他的觀點。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Willchatbotsthatcangeneratefascinatingarticlesdestroyeducationasweknowit?(聊天機器人是否會像我們所知道的那樣摧毀教育？)”和最后一段“WillAIonedayoutperformhumanbeingsinthinking?Maybe,butfornow,wemustthinkforourselves.Likeanytool,GPTisanenemyofthinkingonlyifwefailtofindwaystomakeitourpartner.(人工智能有一天會超越人類的思維能力嗎？也許吧，但現(xiàn)在，我們必須為自己考慮。像任何工具一樣，只有當我們找不到方法讓它成為我們的伙伴時，GPT才是思考的敵人。)”可知，文章主要是講人工智能是否有一天會超越人類的思維能力從而摧毀教育。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inthe17thcenturywhenaBritishbusinessmanheardthattherewereonehundredmillionpeopleinChina,hewasdeterminedtogothereandsellspoons.Hethoughtevenifhecouldearnonepennyforonespoon,hewouldstillmakealotofmoney.____44____Then,whydotheChinesepeopleusechopsticks?SomepeopledidresearchontheoriginofChina’schopsticks.OnetheoryisthatchopstickswereveryconvenientforChinesetousebecauseChinawasanagriculturalsociety,relyingmainlyonvegetablesforfood.Whenwesteamedorboiledfood,itwasdifficultforustousespoonstodipvegetablesinthesoup.____45____Westerners,ontheotherhand,travelledwiththeir animalsfromplacetoplaceandlivedonmeat.Forthem,knivesandforksweremorepractical.Chopsticksreflectgentlenessandkindness,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.____46____First,don’tuseittohitthesideofyourbowlorplatetomakenoises,becauseChinesepeoplethinkonlybeggarswoulddothistobegformeals.____47____Itmeansyoulaytheblameonothers.Also,don’tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Thatusuallyappearsatthefuneralsandisbelievedtobeimpolitetothehostandtheseniorswhoareatthetable.Today,chopstickshavebecomeatypicalpartofChineseculture,symbolisingthepowerofunity.____48____However,tenpairsofchopsticksrepresentstrength,whichmeanstheywon’tbreakoffinanycases.WeChinesepeopledrawonthisspirit,whichalwaysinspiresandencouragesustoworkhandinhandforabetterfuture.A.Asaresult,spoonsweredesignedandpreferredbyWesterners.B.Buttohissurprise,theChinesepeopleusechopsticks,notspoons.C.Therefore,Chinesepeoplecleverlyinventedchopstickstopickfood.D.Besides,neverpointatpeoplewithyourchopstickswhileusingthem.E.Indeed,onechopstickisuselessandsodelicatethatitcanbebrokenreadily.F.Sothesevirtueshavegraduallybecometherulespeoplefollowintheirdailylife.G.Therearesomerulesaboutusingchopsticksthatyoushouldpaygreatattentionto.【答案】44.B45.C46.F47.D48.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了中國筷子的起源和文化意義，以及使用筷子的一些禮儀規(guī)則。文章指出，筷子是中國人因為飲食習慣而發(fā)明的，代表著團結(jié)的力量和溫和的品德。同時，使用筷子也有一些禁忌和規(guī)矩需要遵守。文章最后強調(diào)了筷子所代表的團結(jié)精神，鼓勵人們共同努力創(chuàng)造更美好的未來?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Inthe17thcenturywhenaBritishbusinessmanheardthattherewereonehundredmillionpeopleinChina,hewasdeterminedtogothereandsellspoons.Hethoughtevenifhecouldearnonepennyforonespoon,hewouldstillmakealotofmoney.(17世紀，一位英國商人聽說中國有一億人口，就下決心去中國賣勺子。他想，即使一個勺子能掙一分錢，他也會賺很多錢。)”可知，后文應該強調(diào)該事情的結(jié)果。B選項“Buttohissurprise,theChinesepeopleusechopsticks,notspoons.(但令他驚訝的是，中國人用筷子，而不是勺子。)”承接前文。故選B。【45題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Whenwesteamedorboiledfood,itwasdifficultforustousespoonstodipvegetablesinthesoup. (當我們蒸或煮食物時，我們很難用勺子把蔬菜浸在湯里。)”可知，此處應該強調(diào)解決該問題的方式。C選項“Therefore,Chinesepeoplecleverlyinventedchopstickstopickfood.(因此，中國人聰明地發(fā)明了筷子來挑選食物。)”承接前文。故選C?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Chopsticksreflectgentlenessandkindness,themainmoralteachingofConfucianism.(筷子體現(xiàn)了儒學的主要道德教育——溫柔和善良。)”可知，筷子體現(xiàn)了儒學的主要道德教育——溫柔和善良。后文應該繼續(xù)對該主題進行強調(diào)。F選項“Sothesevirtueshavegraduallybecometherulespeoplefollowintheirdailylife.(因此，這些美德逐漸成為人們在日常生活中遵循的規(guī)則。)”指出，這些美德逐漸成為人們在日常生活中遵循的規(guī)則。thesevirtues指代前文的gentlenessandkindness。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itmeansyoulaytheblameonothers.(這意味著你把責任推給別人。)”可知，此處指出用筷子指著別人意味著把責任推給別人。D選項“Besides,neverpointatpeoplewithyourchopstickswhileusingthem.(此外，不要用筷子指著別人。)”與下文的it呼應，且First和Besides是并列關(guān)系。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Today,chopstickshavebecomeatypicalpartofChineseculture,symbolisingthepowerofunity.(如今，筷子已成為中國文化的典型組成部分，象征著團結(jié)的力量。)”可知，此處強調(diào)筷子象征著團結(jié)的力量。同時根據(jù)后文“However,tenpairsofchopsticksrepresentstrength,whichmeanstheywon’tbreakoffinanycases.(然而，十雙筷子代表力量，這意味著它們在任何情況下都不會折斷。)”可知，前文應該與此處構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。E選項“Indeed,onechopstickisuselessandsodelicatethatitcanbebrokenreadily.(事實上，一根筷子是沒有用的，它是如此脆弱，很容易被折斷。)”指出一根筷子容易折斷，與后文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選E。第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第49、50題各2分，第51題3分，第52題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Formost12-year-olds,anyfreetimeafterschoolisspenthangingoutwithfriends,competinginsports,orplayingvideogames.ButAlejandroBuxtonhasanotherdream:makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.Theideawasinspiredbyhismother,whohadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesshe’dfilledtheirhomewithafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies(過敏),causingherfrequentheadaches.So,in2019,atjust9yearsold,theboystartedexperimentingwithmakinghisown,mixingingredientslike soyandcoconutwaxeswithessentialoils.Hecalledhisfirstwork“JurassicOrange,”foritscolorandpleasantsmell.Thoughhismotherwasabigfan,andthescentdidn’tcauseherheadtoache,Buxtonwantedtoimproveuponhiswork.Withinthenextfewmonths,he’ddevelopedalineofsixuniquelyscentedcandles.Bythefollowingyear,duringtheworldwidelockdowns,he’dcreatedhisownonlineshop.Soonafter,Alejandrobegansellinghisproductsonhisownwebsite,“SmellofLoveCandles,”whereshopperscanfindofferingswithcreativenameslike“SagetheDay!”and“Alexa,cleanthehouse.”Healsolistsotherproductssuchasroomspraysforsale.Accordingtothesite,hisyoungersisterValentinaservesasassistantofoperationswhilehismothertakestheroleofassistanttotheCEO.Now,heisoperatinghisbusinessinalocalmallaswell.ThispastSeptember,heopenedastandinD.C.’sTysonsCornershoppingcenter—makinghimtheyoungestleaseholder(承租人)atthemall.Besidesinspiringfellowkidswithhisentrepreneurialspiritandtalent,Alejandroisalsoapositiverolemodelforgivingbackandmakingadifference:Hedonatesapartofhisprofitstoalocalcharity.Withtheexperienceandknowledgehe’sgainingfromrunningthisbusinessatsuchayoungage,Alejandrohopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.49.WhatisAlejandro’sdream?________________50.Whydidtheboycomeupwiththeidea?________________51.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.?Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage.________________52.AmongAlejandro’squalities,whichonedoyouthinkwillbeimportantforyou?Why?(Inabout40words)________________【答案】49.Makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.50.Becausehismotherhadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies,causingherfrequentheadaches.51.Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage. Becausehejusthopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.52.Theentrepreneurialspirit.BecauseI’malwaysafraidofthetroubleandobstaclespossiblyexistingintheprocessofstartingabusiness,whichisthebiggestproblemformetohavemyownbusiness.【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。12歲的亞歷杭德羅·巴克斯頓自己制作了香味獨特的純天然蠟燭，并成功地擁有了自己的事業(yè)?！?9題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“ButAlejandroBuxtonhasanotherdream:makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall.(但亞歷杭德羅·巴克斯頓還有另一個夢想：制作純天然蠟燭，并在網(wǎng)上和當?shù)匾患疑虉龀鍪邸?”可知，亞歷杭德羅的夢想是制作純天然蠟燭，并在網(wǎng)上和當?shù)匾患疑虉龀鍪?。故答案為Makingall-naturalcandlesthathesellsonlineandatalocalmall。【50題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“Theideawasinspiredbyhismother,whohadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesshe’dfilledtheirhomewithafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies(過敏),causingherfrequentheadaches.(這個想法的靈感來自于他的母親，在意識到香薰蠟燭中的化學物質(zhì)會加劇她的過敏，導致她經(jīng)常頭痛后，她不得不放棄家里滿滿當當?shù)脑S多香薰蠟燭。)”可知，這個男孩有了這個想法是因為他的母親在意識到香薰蠟燭中的化學物質(zhì)會加劇她的過敏，導致她經(jīng)常頭痛后，不得不放棄了許多香薰蠟燭。故答案為Becausehismotherhadtogiveupmanyofthescentedcandlesafterrealizingthechemicalswithinthemwereworseningherallergies,causingherfrequentheadaches?！?1題詳解】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“Withtheexperienceandknowledgehe’sgainingfromrunningthisbusinessatsuchayoungage,Alejandrohopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.(亞歷杭德羅在這么年輕的時候就經(jīng)營這家公司，積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗和知識，他希望有一天能創(chuàng)辦一家工程公司。)”可知，亞歷杭德羅只是希望，卻還沒有創(chuàng)辦一家工程公司。所以“andstartedanengineeringbusiness”這部分是錯誤的。故答案為Alejandroisasuccessfulbusinessmanbecausehebeganhiscandlebusinessandstartedanengineeringbusinessatayoungage.Becausehejusthopestoonedaygoontocreateanengineeringbusiness.。【52題詳解】考查開放性回答。考生需要挑選文章中亞歷杭德羅的一個品質(zhì)，并解釋為什么這一品質(zhì)對自己很重要，并注意答案應控制在40個單詞之內(nèi)。答案為Theentrepreneurialspirit.BecauseI’malwaysafraidofthetroubleandobstaclespossiblyexistingintheprocessofstartingabusiness,whichisthebiggestproblemformetohavemyownbusiness。 第二節(jié)(20分)53.假如你是紅星中學高一學生李華。第19屆杭州亞運會音樂作品征集活動正在進行，請你給英國好友Jim寫郵件邀請他參加。內(nèi)容包括：1．活動介紹；2．邀請參加。注意：1．詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。提示詞：第19屆杭州亞運會the19thAsianGamesHangzhou組委會theorganizingcommitteeDearJim,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】Onepossibleversion：DearJim,I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofgoodnewsthatacampaigncallingforsongsforthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouistakingplacethesedays.Iwanttoinviteyoutotakepart.Thecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,lastinguntilMarch1st,2023.ThesongshouldreflectChineseculturalvaluesandthefeaturesofthecityofHangzhou.Onlytheoriginalsongwillbeaccepted.Besides,thecreationcanbereceivedbyemailorbypost.Youhaveagreattalentformusic,soIwouldlikeyoutograspthischancetoshowyourtalenttotheworld.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導語】本篇書面表達屬于應用文寫作，要求考生英國好友Jim寫封邀請信，邀請他參加第19屆杭州亞運會音樂作品征集活動，并介紹活動內(nèi)容。 【詳解】1.詞匯積累呼吁：callfor→appealfor參加：takepart→participate組織：organize→arrange持續(xù)：last→continue有……天賦：haveatalentfor→begiftedin/haveagiftfor2.句式拓展簡單句變?yōu)閺秃暇湓洌篢hecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,lastinguntilMarch1st,2023.拓展句：Thecampaignisorganizedbytheorganizingcommittee,whichlastsuntilMarch1st,2023.【點睛】【高分句型1】I’mwritingtotellyouapieceofgoodnewsthatacampaigncallingforsongsforthe19thAsianGamesHangzhouistakingplacethesedays.(使用了不定式短語作目的狀語、that引導同位語從句、現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語)