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2021級(jí)普通高中學(xué)科素養(yǎng)水平監(jiān)測(cè)試卷英語試卷本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whydoesthemanneedahaircut?A.Toattendawedding.B.Tolookgoodatwork.C.Tomeetthewoman’sparents.2.Whowillthespeakersinvitetothegame?A.Sandy.B.Don.C.Tom.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anactress.B.Anauthor.C.Amoviedirector.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inaclassroom.B.Atahospital.C.Onafootballfield.5.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Travelwithinhiscountry.B.Avoidtravelingbyair.C.Makegoodtravelplans.第二節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whenisthecomputerclubscheduledthisyear? A.OnMondaynights.B.OnTuesdaynights.C.OnWednesdaynights.7.Whatdoesthemanneedtofocusonthisyear?A.Friendship.B.Universityapplications.C.Clubactivities.聽第7段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.WhatdoesRyanwanttodo?A.Walktoschoolwithhisfriends.B.Takeawalkwiththewoman.C.Talktohisfather.9.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutRyan’sidea?A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Impatient.聽第8段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.Whattypeofdrinkdoesthemanprefer?A.Acoldjuice.B.Ahotcoffee.C.Asugar-freetea.11.Whatdoesthewomanwanttowatchfirst?A.Afootballgame.B.Aspeech.C.Amovie.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Lookforanemptytable.B.Callhisparents.C.Waitinline.聽第9段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Parentandchild.B.Brotherandsister.C.Shopkeeperandcustomer.14.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuythenewphone?AItsInternetconnectionisbetter.B.Itscameraisverypowerful.C.Itsbatterylastslonger.15.Whatisthewoman’shobby?A.Takingphotosofbirds.B.Tryingnewtechnologies.C.Visitingmuseums.16.Howdoesthemansuggestthewomangetthephone?A.Byaskinghermothertobuyit.BBywaitinguntilthepricedrops.C.Bymakingmoneyonherown. 聽第10段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Whichfestivaliscomingup?A.Easter.B.Christmas.C.Thanksgiving.18.Whendidthespeakerbeginteachingatthehighschool?A.Attheageof23.B.Attheageof32.C.Attheageof33.19.Whathobbyhasthespeakertakenuprecently?A.Painting.B.French.C.Gardening.20.WhathappenedtothespeakerinJune?A.Hersongotmarried.B.Hergrandchildwasborn.C.Herfamilycelebratedherbirthday.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASunsetPaddle(劃槳)TripinJohnsonvilleStateHistoricParkTime:6:00pm-8:00pm,August3.Gatheringplace:Followingthebluedirectionalsignsattheparkentrance.REGISTERFORTHEEVENTJoinusforarelaxingpaddletrip,whichwillbeledbyparkkeepersasweexploretheshoresofKentuckyLake.TogetherwewillsearchhistoricsitesassociatedwiththeCivilWarandTownErahistoryofOldJohnsonville.Aswekilltimeintheevening,we’llkeepalookoutforwildlifeandenjoyanabsolutelyamazingsunsetovertheTennesseeRiver.Anyonecanjointhetrip;nopreviouspaddlingexperienceisnecessary.ParkkeepersleadingthetripareexperiencedpaddlersthatarecertifiedinCPRinfirstaid.ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTEDCANOES(獨(dú)木舟)$20acanoeisfornon-membersand$15acanoeformembers.Amaximumof6canoesareavailabletorentforthistrip.Eachcanoeislimitedto3adultsor2adults/2children.Canoes,paddles,andlifejacketsareprovidedatthesametime.Freelifejacketsandliabilitywaivers(安全免責(zé)書)arerequiredforallparticipants.Nopetswillbepermittedonthistripastheymaydisturbwildlifewemaybetryingtoview.Thetripwillbecalledoffintheeventofsevereweatherandarefundcanbeappliedfor.Thedecisiontocalloffthetripshouldbemadebefore12:00pmonthedaypriortothetrip.Otherwisenorefundwillbeissued. NOTICEYouarerecommendedtowearwater-resistantclothesandshoes,aswellasahat.Youneedtobringawaterbottle.Sunscreenandbugspraywillbeavailableifneeded.Check-inwillbeginat5:45pm;don’tbelate.1.Whatcanvisitorsdoduringtheirtrip?A.Watchsomewildlife.B.LearntoperformCPR.C.Haveapicnicbytheriver.D.Visithistoricsitesonanoldlake.2.Howmuchwill18adultvisitorspayatleasttorentcanoeswithoutmembership?A.75dollars.B.90dollars.C.120dollars.D.180dollars.3.Whatisamustforvisitorstotakethetrip?A.Signingliabilitywaivers.B.Havingpaddlingexperience.C.Reservingtheticketsinadvance.D.Bringingtheirwater-resistantclothes.【答案】1.A2.C3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了日落劃槳之旅的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容及注意事項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)REGISTERFORTHEEVENT部分中的關(guān)鍵句“Aswekilltimeintheevening,we’llkeepalookoutforwildlifeandenjoyanabsolutelyamazingsunsetovertheTennesseeRiver.”（當(dāng)我們?cè)谕砩舷r(shí)間時(shí)，我們可以觀賞野生動(dòng)物，欣賞田納西河上絕對(duì)令人驚嘆的日落。）可知，旅途中，我們可以觀賞野生動(dòng)物，由此可知，游客在旅途中可以觀賞一些野生動(dòng)物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTEDCANOES(獨(dú)木舟)下第一段關(guān)鍵句“$20acanoeisfornon-membersand$15acanoeformembers.Amaximumof6canoesareavailabletorentforthistrip.Eachcanoeislimitedto3adultsor2adults/2children.”（非會(huì)員20美元一艘，會(huì)員15美元一艘。此次旅行最多可租用6艘獨(dú)木舟。每艘獨(dú)木舟限3名成人或2名成人/2名兒童乘坐。）可知，每艘獨(dú)木舟限3名成人乘坐，18名成年游客需要租6艘，非會(huì)員20美元一艘，經(jīng)過簡單計(jì)算可知，18名成年游客在沒有會(huì)員資格的情況下租用獨(dú)木舟至少要支付120美元。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ADDITIONALPROGRAMINFORMATION—RENTEDCANOES(獨(dú)木舟)下第一段關(guān)鍵句“Freelifejacketsandliabilitywaivers(安全免責(zé)書)arerequiredforallparticipants. ”（所有參與者都需要免費(fèi)救生衣和安全免責(zé)書。）可知，參加的人必須有安全免責(zé)書，由此可知，游客必須簽署安全免責(zé)書才能參加旅行。故選A項(xiàng)。BFormostofusteachingseventh-graderEnglishwouldbesimilartoteachingflyingmonkeystosit.Justthinkingaboutit,wemightfeelfrustrated.ButitwasnotforMissSmith.For40years,shestoodinfrontofherclassroom,tappingtheblackboardwhereaninspirationalquotewasdrawnneatly.“Openyournotebookandwrite,”shewouldinstruct.Ifastudentwaslate,shewouldsimplysay,“Writeaboutwhyyouarelatetoday.”Thecontentandstyledidn’tmatter.Itwastheconnectionofthoughttopaperthatwastheaim.Ifyouwritelongenough,thesethoughtswillturnintofeelingsandfeelingsonpaperbecomevisible,clearenoughtoexamine.Theanxietyofseventh-graders,thepuberty(青春期)crisisandthemixtureofemotionsneedawayout.MissSmithknewthat.Sheknewherteenagestudentsneededtodeveloptheirownguidancesystems,ortheyneededtodealwiththeforcesthatsurroundedthem.ThequotesMissSmithcarefullywroteonthechalkboardwereinspirational,andcouldencourageself-reflection.Mostofthenotebookswerefilledwithsillynonsense,likelookingforwardtopancakesforlunch,orworse,lineafterlinestatingthattheydidn’tknowwhattowritethen.Regardlessofthose,MissSmithreadeveryentryandinneatredhandwriting,wrotenotesofencouragementandpraise.ShewouldreadShakespeareandaskhowRomeomusthavefeltaboutbeingrejectedbyhisfriendsandfamily.Thecharactersintheliteraturegavestudentspermissiontogetemotionalgrowthinasafeway,andthewordsinsidethosenotebooksbecamemoreandmorepersonalastimewenton.Thosewhousedtobeproblemstudentsandneedsavinglaterbecamejournalistsandfictionwriters.Noonewoulddisagreethatshemadeeverystudentfeeltheyarenotonlywhattheyarenowbuttheyaremore.Thatpointdrovethemtoworkhardandseewhatthat“more”wasgoingtobe.ThisisthegreatestcharmofMissSmith.4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutMissSmith?A.Shewaseasytogetfrustratedwithherjob.B.Shealwaysgotstudentstoexpressfeelingsbywriting.C.Shewasassignedtoteachtheworstclassintheschool.D.ShehadtaughttheEnglishwritingcourseforfortyyears.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2probablyreferto?A.Theadvantagesofrecordinglifeonpaper.B.Theimportanceofpubertyforachild’sdevelopment.C.Thedifficultyofunderstandingandguardingchildren’srights. D.Thecharacteristicsofteenagechildrenandthecopingmethods.6.What’sthefeatureofthesentencesinmoststudents’originalnotebooks?A.They’renearlymeaningless.B.They’requotesfromfamouspeople.C.They’reagreatencouragementtostudents.D.They’reinspirationalandsetpeoplethinking.7.What’stheauthormainlytryingtoshowinParagraph4?A.MissSmithtreatsherstudentsequally.B.MissSmithhasawideknowledgeofliterature.C.MissSmith’steachingmethodsturnoutsuccessful.D.MissSmithteachesstudentsaccordingtotheirpotential.【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹一位英語教師，她讓學(xué)生通過寫作來表達(dá)自己的感受，通過文學(xué)作品的影響讓學(xué)生以安全的方式獲得青春期的情感成長?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句““Openyournotebookandwrite,”shewouldinstruct.Ifastudentwaslate,shewouldsimplysay,“Writeaboutwhyyouarelatetoday.”Thecontentandstyledidn’tmatter.Itwastheconnectionofthoughttopaperthatwastheaim.”（“打開你的筆記本寫字，”她會(huì)指示道。如果一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到了，她會(huì)簡單地說：“寫下你今天為什么遲到?！眱?nèi)容和風(fēng)格無關(guān)緊要。我們的目的是將思想與紙聯(lián)系起來。）可知，史密斯老師讓學(xué)生們將思想與紙聯(lián)系起來，通過寫作來表達(dá)自己的感受，例如她會(huì)讓學(xué)生寫下為什么遲到，由此可知，史密斯老師總是讓學(xué)生通過寫作來表達(dá)自己的感受。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線單詞上文“Theanxietyofseventh-graders,thepuberty(青春期)crisisandthemixtureofemotionsneedawayout.”（七年級(jí)學(xué)生的焦慮、青春期危機(jī)和情緒的混合需要一條出路。）可知，七年級(jí)學(xué)生面臨著各種青春期危機(jī)，需要一個(gè)解決辦法，由此可知，史密斯老師知道解決辦法是什么，她知道青少年兒童的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)方法，“that”代指的是“青少年兒童的特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)方法”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Mostofthenotebookswerefilledwithsillynonsense,likelookingforwardtopancakesforlunch,orworse,lineafterlinestatingthattheydidn’tknowwhattowritethen. ”（大多數(shù)筆記本上都寫滿了愚蠢的廢話，比如期待午餐吃煎餅，或者更糟的是，一行接一行地說他們當(dāng)時(shí)不知道該寫什么。）可知，起初大多數(shù)筆記本上都寫滿了愚蠢的廢話，由此可知，大多數(shù)學(xué)生原來筆記本上的句子的特點(diǎn)是幾乎毫無意義。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句“Thecharactersintheliteraturegavestudentspermissiontogetemotionalgrowthinasafeway,andthewordsinsidethosenotebooksbecamemoreandmorepersonalastimewenton.Thosewhousedtobeproblemstudentsandneedsavinglaterbecamejournalistsandfictionwriters.”（文學(xué)作品中的人物允許學(xué)生以安全的方式獲得情感成長，隨著時(shí)間的推移，筆記本里的文字變得越來越個(gè)人化。那些曾經(jīng)是問題學(xué)生、需要拯救的人后來成為了記者和小說作家。）可知，在史密斯老師的教導(dǎo)下，那些曾經(jīng)是問題學(xué)生、需要拯救的人后來成為了記者和小說作家，由此可知，史密斯老師的教學(xué)方法很成功。故選C項(xiàng)。CWehumansoftensaythatagrowlingdogis“angry”orapurringcatis“happy”.ButthosetermsareoflittleusetoscientistslikeDavidAndersonwhostudiesthebraincircuits(腦回路)involvedinemotionalbehaviors.“Wehavetodomorethanjustprojectourownemotionsontootheranimals,”hesays.YetAndersondescribesresearchfromhislabthatsuggeststhebraincircuitsunderlyinghumanemotionshavealotincommonwithcircuitsfoundinanimals’.“Whatliesbeneathfeelings,”hesays,“isbrainstatesthatproducecertainbehaviors.Andthat’sthepartofemotionsweshareincommonwithanimalsandthatscientistscanstudy.”Forexample,Anderson’slabhasinvestigatedfruitfliesthatbecomemuchmoreactivewhentheyseeamovingshadowlookingliketheirnaturalenemy.“Weseethatthemoretimeswedelivertheshadowthejumpierthefliesbecome,”hesays.Andtheflieskeepjumpinglongaftertheshadowisgone.Andersonwouldbehavemuchthesameifhesawasnake.“I’djumpintheair,”hesays.“Evenforminutesafterthesnakehadslippedawayintothebushes,myheartwouldbepounding,andI’dprobablyjumpeverytimeIsawasnakelikeobject—evenifitwasastick.”Thatsortofbehavioristypicalofanongoingbrainstatecalleddefensivearousal(防御性喚醒).It’spresentinbothfruitfliesandpeoplewhichiswhyAndersonbelievesstudyingfearofaninsectoramouseismeaningfulasitcanrevealalotabouthumanemotions.“Wecantrytofigureouthowthebrainisgeneratingthatstateandwhatmakestheanimalfinallycalmdown,”Andersonsays.“Wenowunderstandspecificpartsofthecircuitthatincreasefearandotherpartsofthecircuitthatdecreasefear,”Andersonsays.Thenextstep,hesays,istofigureouthowtotweakthatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeoplewithcertaindiseaseslikePTSD.8.WhatdoesAndersonthinkaboutpeople’scommondescriptionofanimalsemotions?A.Itislimitedbypeople’sknowledgeofbrainfunctions. B.Itistoosubjectivetoberegardedasscientificevidence.C.Itisactuallysomemisunderstandingofanimalsbehavior.D.Itismeaninglesstothestudyofanimals’emotionalbehavior.9.WhyaretheexamplesmentionedinParagraph3?A.Toprovetheeffectofnaturalenemiesonflies’behavior.B.Toshowsimilaritiesbetweenhumanandanimalemotions.C.TomentionthegreatinfluenceofAnderson’sbadexperience.D.Tostresstheeffectsofnegativeemotionsonpeopleandanimals10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tweak”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Replace.B.Predict.C.Adjust.D.Observe.11.Whatwillthefurtherresearchmainlyfocuson?A.Lookingbeyondhumanfeelings.B.Figuringoutmorehumanbrainstates.C.Findingacureforcertainmentaldiseases.D.Changingtraditionalwaysoftreatinganimals.【答案】8.B9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究表明人類情緒的大腦回路與動(dòng)物的大腦回路有很多共同之處，文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及意義?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ButthosetermsareoflittleusetoscientistslikeDavidAndersonwhostudiesthebraincircuits(腦回路)involvedinemotionalbehaviors.(但這些術(shù)語對(duì)于像大衛(wèi)·安德森這樣研究與情緒行為有關(guān)的大腦回路的科學(xué)家來說用處不大)”以及第二段““Wehavetodomorethanjustprojectourownemotionsontootheranimals,”hesays.(“我們要做的不僅僅是把自己的情緒投射到其他動(dòng)物身上，”他說。)”可知，安德森認(rèn)為人們對(duì)動(dòng)物情感的常見描述對(duì)動(dòng)物情感行為的研究太主觀了，不能被視為科學(xué)證據(jù)。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Forexample,Anderson’slabhasinvestigatedfruitfliesthatbecomemuchmoreactivewhentheyseeamovingshadowlookingliketheirnaturalenemy.“Weseethatthemoretimeswedelivertheshadowthejumpierthefliesbecome,”hesays.Andtheflieskeepjumpinglongaftertheshadowisgone.Andersonwouldbehavemuchthesameifhesawasnake.“I’djumpintheair,”hesays.“Evenforminutesafterthesnakehadslippedawayintothebushes,myheartwouldbepounding,andI’dprobablyjumpeverytimeIsawasnakelikeobject—evenifitwasastick.”( 例如，安德森的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究了果蠅，當(dāng)它們看到一個(gè)看起來像天敵的移動(dòng)陰影時(shí)，它們會(huì)變得更加活躍。他說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，投射陰影的次數(shù)越多，蒼蠅就越跳?！庇白酉Ш?，蒼蠅還在不停地跳。如果安德森看到一條蛇，他也會(huì)做出同樣的舉動(dòng)?！拔視?huì)跳到空中，”他說。“甚至在蛇溜進(jìn)灌木叢幾分鐘后，我的心就會(huì)砰砰直跳，每次看到像蛇一樣的東西，我可能都會(huì)跳起來——即使它是一根棍子。”)”可推知，第3段提到例子是為了顯示人類和動(dòng)物情感的相似之處。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“thatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeoplewithcertaindiseaseslikePTSD”可知，要減少患有某些疾病（如創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）的人的恐懼反應(yīng)，需要調(diào)整這些回路。故畫線詞意思是“調(diào)整”。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Wenowunderstandspecificpartsofthecircuitthatincreasefearandotherpartsofthecircuitthatdecreasefear,”Andersonsays.Thenextstep,hesays,istofigureouthowtotweakthatcircuittoreducethefearresponseofpeoplewithcertaindiseaseslikePTSD.(安德森說：“我們現(xiàn)在了解了神經(jīng)回路中增加恐懼的特定部分，以及減少恐懼的其他部分?！彼f，下一步是弄清楚如何調(diào)整這個(gè)回路，以減少患有某些疾?。ㄈ鐒?chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）的人的恐懼反應(yīng))”可推知，下一步的研究重點(diǎn)是了解更多的人類大腦狀態(tài)。故選B。DAwell-intentionedsolutionisoftenofferedtoclimate-consciousconsumers:toreplacebeefonourplateswithchicken.Whileonpaperthisbringsdownanindividual’sdietarycarbonfootprint,inpracticethiswouldmeanthatbillionsmoreanimalswillbekilledeachyear.Meanwhile,evenmorefactoryfarmscontinuetoharmtheclimateandushumansintheprocess.Muchcanbedebatedaboutthebestwaytodealwithclimatechangebutoneofitssourcesisundoubtedlytrue:thewayweproducefood—specificallymeat—spellsdisasterforourplanet.It’struethatforeverygramofprotein,conventionalbeefhasalmost10timesthecarbonfootprintofchicken.Beefuses23timesasmuchfarmlandand3timesasmuchwater.Buttheconsumptionshiftfrombeeftochickeniscontributingtoacrisisofanotherkind.Approximately134chickensmustbekilledtoproduceonecow’sworthofmeat,whichisextremelycruelandenvironmentallyunfriendly,causingdeadzonesandhavingdamagingchaineffectsonthecommunitieslivingnearthesefacilitieswhosehealth,watersupply,andqualityoflifeareaffectedbythispollution.Themostinfluentialdietarychangewecanmaketoreduceourindividualinfluenceonanimalsandtheenvironmentisactuallytoshiftfromconventionallyproduced,factory-farmedanimalproductstopasture-based (基于牧場(chǎng)的)meat,eggsordairyproductsandplant-basedproteinsources.It’snotall-or-nothing.TheaverageAmericancouldcuttheirdiet-relatedenvironmentalinfluencesbynearlyhalfjustbyeatinglessmeatandfewereggsanddairyproducts.Gradually,individualchangescanadduptoabigdifferencetobothanimalsandtheenvironment,buttheresponsibilityshouldn’tfallonindividualsalone.Weurgentlyneedourgovernmenttostopenforcingthisdisastroussystemandredirectsupporttomorehumane,sustainablefoodandproductionmethods.Tospareanimalsfromsuffering,slowdownclimatechangeandsafeguardourfoodsystem,weneedtotakefactoryfarmingoffthetable.It’stimetostopleapingfromthefryingpantothefireandrethinkourfoodsystem.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthe“well-intentionedsolution”?A.Itisactuallyarecipefordisaster.B.Itworkswellinreducingthecarbonfootprint.C.Itmeansachangeinourwayofraisinganimals.D.Itwasputforwardbyclimate-consciousconsumers.13.HowdoestheauthorarguehispointinParagraph2?A.Bydoingsurveys.B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byreferringtopapers.D.Byusingpersuasivedata.14.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theeffortthegovernmenthasputintothefoodsystem.B.Influencespeople’seatinghabithasontheenvironment.C.Thechangesindividualsandthegovernmentshouldmake.D.Measuresthegovernmentcantaketolimithumanactivities.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?A.It’snecessarytosaynotofactoryfarming.B.It’stimetoreplacebeefonourplateswithchicken.C.Weneedtotakeanimal-basedproductsoffourtable.D.Turningfromfactoryfarmingtopasturefarmingtakestime.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了工廠化養(yǎng)殖導(dǎo)致了動(dòng)物痛苦，危害氣候和人類。為了減少我們個(gè)人對(duì)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境的影響，我們所能做的最有影響力的飲食改變實(shí)際上是從傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的、工廠養(yǎng)殖的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)向以牧草為基礎(chǔ)的肉、蛋或乳制品以及植物性蛋白質(zhì)來源?！?2題詳解】 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Awell-intentionedsolutionisoftenofferedtoclimate-consciousconsumers:toreplacebeefonourplateswithchicken.Whileonpaperthisbringsdownanindividual’sdietarycarbonfootprint,inpracticethiswouldmeanthatbillionsmoreanimalswillbekilledeachyear.Meanwhile,evenmorefactoryfarmscontinuetoharmtheclimateandushumansintheprocess.(一個(gè)善意的解決方案經(jīng)常被提供給有氣候意識(shí)的消費(fèi)者:用雞肉代替我們盤子里的牛肉。雖然從理論上講，這減少了個(gè)人飲食中的碳足跡，但實(shí)際上這意味著每年將有數(shù)十億多的動(dòng)物被殺死。與此同時(shí)，更多的工廠化農(nóng)場(chǎng)在這個(gè)過程中繼續(xù)危害氣候和我們?nèi)祟悺?”可知，善意的解決方案實(shí)際上是一種災(zāi)難。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It’struethatforeverygramofprotein,conventionalbeefhasalmost10timesthecarbonfootprintofchicken.Beefuses23timesasmuchfarmlandand3timesasmuchwater.Buttheconsumptionshiftfrombeeftochickeniscontributingtoacrisisofanotherkind.Approximately134chickensmustbekilledtoproduceonecow’sworthofmeat,whichisextremelycruelandenvironmentallyunfriendly,causingdeadzonesandhavingdamagingchaineffectsonthecommunitieslivingnearthesefacilitieswhosehealth,watersupply,andqualityoflifeareaffectedbythispollution.(的確，每克蛋白質(zhì)，傳統(tǒng)牛肉的碳足跡幾乎是雞肉的10倍。牛肉消耗了23倍的農(nóng)田和3倍的水。但從牛肉到雞肉的消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變正在造成另一種危機(jī)。生產(chǎn)相當(dāng)于一頭牛的肉必須殺死大約134只雞，這是極其殘忍和對(duì)環(huán)境不利的，造成了死亡地帶，并對(duì)生活在這些設(shè)施附近的社區(qū)產(chǎn)生了破壞性的連鎖效應(yīng)，這些社區(qū)的健康、供水和生活質(zhì)量都受到這種污染的影響)”可推知，作者在第二段中通過使用有說服力的數(shù)據(jù)論證他的觀點(diǎn)。故選D。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Themostinfluentialdietarychangewecanmaketoreduceourindividualinfluenceonanimalsandtheenvironmentisactuallytoshiftfromconventionallyproduced,factory-farmedanimalproductstopasture-based(基于牧場(chǎng)的)meat,eggsordairyproductsandplant-basedproteinsources.It’snotall-or-nothing.TheaverageAmericancouldcuttheirdiet-relatedenvironmentalinfluencesbynearlyhalfjustbyeatinglessmeatandfewereggsanddairyproducts.Gradually,individualchangescanadduptoabigdifferencetobothanimalsandtheenvironment,buttheresponsibilityshouldn’tfallonindividualsalone.Weurgentlyneedourgovernmenttostopenforcingthisdisastroussystemandredirectsupporttomorehumane,sustainablefoodandproductionmethods.( 為了減少我們個(gè)人對(duì)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境的影響，我們所能做的最有影響力的飲食改變實(shí)際上是從傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)的、工廠養(yǎng)殖的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)向以牧場(chǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的肉、蛋或乳制品和以植物為基礎(chǔ)的蛋白質(zhì)來源。這不是全有或全無的問題。普通美國人只要少吃肉、少吃雞蛋和奶制品，就能將飲食對(duì)環(huán)境的影響減少近一半。漸漸地，個(gè)人的改變會(huì)對(duì)動(dòng)物和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，但責(zé)任不應(yīng)該只落在個(gè)人身上。我們迫切需要我們的政府停止執(zhí)行這個(gè)災(zāi)難性的系統(tǒng)，并將支持轉(zhuǎn)向更人道、更可持續(xù)的食品和生產(chǎn)方法)”可知，第三段主要講了個(gè)人和政府應(yīng)該做出的改變。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Tospareanimalsfromsuffering,slowdownclimatechangeandsafeguardourfoodsystem,weneedtotakefactoryfarmingoffthetable.(為了讓動(dòng)物免受痛苦，減緩氣候變化，保護(hù)我們的糧食系統(tǒng)，我們需要停止工廠化養(yǎng)殖)”可推知，作者想在文中強(qiáng)調(diào)有必要對(duì)工廠化養(yǎng)殖說不。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Noone’sperfect.Here,Kamranexplainswhyhebelievesperfectionisn’tarealisticgoal.Youarechasingamyth.____16____Soit’sexhaustingkeepingupwiththeidea,inyourhead,ofwhatperfectionis.You’llbeconstantlyupdatingyourconceptofitfromonedaytothenext.Thiscanleadtoyoubeingoverlyself-critical.Insteadoffeelinghappywithwhatyou’veachieved,youfeeldissatisfied.____17____Aconstantreachforperfectioncanbeverydistractingfromthepresentmoment.Whenyougettoacertainplacethatyou’veworkedtowards,insteadofnoticingit,embracingitandenjoyingit,youswitchtowantingmore.Thisleadsyouintoatrapofconstantlyre-evaluatingareasofyourlife.Lifecanactuallybeverygoodinthepresentmoment,likewhenyou’reappreciatingfriendsandfamilyandcelebratingthelittlewins.____18________19____Withoutrealizing,youcanendupfindingandpickingoutimperfectionsinothersandbecominganoverlycriticalpersonwhoexpectstoomuch.Youmightfindpeoplewanttodistancethemselvesfromyou,oryoumayfindchallengesarisingmorefrequentlyinyourpersonalrelationships.Yourmentalhealthcansuffer.Notonlymightyoufeelanxiousthatyou’renotwhereyouwanttobeinlife,youmayfeelemotionallylowasaresultofdesiringperfectionandconstantlycritiquingaspectsofyourlife.____20____Theyarementally,emotionallyandphysicallydrainingandcanleaveyoufeelingburntoutorevendepressed.A.You’llnotabandonit.B.Perfectiondoesn’texist.C.Youmightjudgeothersunfairly.D.Youwon’tenjoythesmallthings.E.Thiscancausefeelingsofbeingdefeated.F.Exercisecanhelpremovethebadfeelings.G.Allthesecangounnoticedifyou’refocusedonfuture-basedthinking. 【答案】16.B17.D18.G19.C20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。介紹了為什么完美不是一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Youarechasingamyth.(你在追逐一個(gè)神話)”以及后文“Soit’sexhaustingkeepingupwiththeidea,inyourhead,ofwhatperfectionis.(所以，在你的頭腦中不斷思考什么是完美是很累人的)”可知此處在講述完美像神話一樣，應(yīng)該是不存在的，所以B項(xiàng)“Perfectiondoesn’texist.(完美是不存在的)”符合文意，且和后文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】分析設(shè)空，空處位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Aconstantreachforperfectioncanbeverydistractingfromthepresentmoment.Whenyougettoacertainplacethatyou’veworkedtowards,insteadofnoticingit,embracingitandenjoyingit,youswitchtowantingmore.Thisleadsyouintoatrapofconstantlyre-evaluatingareasofyourlife.(斷追求完美會(huì)分散你對(duì)當(dāng)下的注意力。當(dāng)你到達(dá)一個(gè)你已經(jīng)努力過的地方，而不是注意到它，擁抱它，享受它，你轉(zhuǎn)而想要更多。這會(huì)讓你陷入一個(gè)不斷重新評(píng)估生活方方面面的陷阱。)”可知，本段是在講述追求完美時(shí)會(huì)讓你忽略生活中的美好，所以D項(xiàng)“Youwon’tenjoythesmallthings.(你不會(huì)享受小事)”符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】分析設(shè)空，空處位于段尾，應(yīng)是本段的總結(jié)句，根據(jù)前文“Lifecanactuallybeverygoodinthepresentmoment,likewhenyou’reappreciatingfriendsandfamilyandcelebratingthelittlewins.(當(dāng)下的生活其實(shí)是很美好的，就像你感激朋友和家人，慶祝小小的勝利)”所以G項(xiàng)“Allthesecangounnoticedifyou’refocusedonfuture-basedthinking.(如果你專注于基于未來的思考，所有這些都可能被忽視)”是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，符合文意。故選G項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】分析設(shè)空，空處位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據(jù)后文“Withoutrealizing,youcanendupfindingandpickingoutimperfectionsinothersandbecominganoverlycriticalpersonwhoexpectstoomuch.Youmightfindpeoplewanttodistancethemselvesfromyou,oryoumayfindchallengesarisingmorefrequentlyinyourpersonalrelationships.(在沒有意識(shí)到的情況下，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)并挑出別人的缺點(diǎn)，成為一個(gè)過于挑剔、期望過高的人。你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)人們想要與你保持距離，或者你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)人際關(guān)系中出現(xiàn)的挑戰(zhàn)越來越頻繁)”可知，本段主要講述了，追求完美的人，會(huì)過渡的苛責(zé)他人，所以C項(xiàng)“Youmightjudgeothersunfairly.(你可能會(huì)不公正地評(píng)判別人)”是本段主題，符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】 根據(jù)前文“Yourmentalhealthcansuffer.Notonlymightyoufeelanxiousthatyou’renotwhereyouwanttobeinlife,youmayfeelemotionallylowasaresultofdesiringperfectionandconstantlycritiquingaspectsofyourlife.(你的精神健康會(huì)受到影響。你不僅會(huì)因?yàn)闆]有達(dá)到你想要的生活而感到焦慮，還會(huì)因?yàn)榭释昝篮筒粩嗯u(píng)生活的方方面面而感到情緒低落)”以及后文“Theyarementally,emotionallyandphysicallydrainingandcanleaveyoufeelingburntoutorevendepressed.(它們會(huì)讓你在精神上、情感上和身體上精疲力竭，甚至感到沮喪)”可知，此處是在講述過于追求完美，會(huì)造成你精神上的傷害，所以E項(xiàng)“Thiscancausefeelingsofbeingdefeated.(這會(huì)導(dǎo)致挫敗感)”符合文意，下文“They”代指選項(xiàng)中的“feelingsofbeingdefeated”。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B，C，D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。In2005,asheepherder(牧羊人),SanuSherpa,inaremotevillageofNepal’seasternmountainregioncametoKathmandu.SanuSherpahad____21____ofmakingagoodlifehere.Atthesametime,healsohada____22____ofbecomingaclimbingguide,awell-paidandrespected____23____.Heinitiallyworkedasaporter.In2006Sanubecameamountaineerafter____24____climbingChoOyuinhisfirst____25____.After16years,Sanuhassetanewworldrecordinmountaineeringhistory.The47-year-oldSherpahasbecomethefirstclimberintheworldto____26____theplanet’s14highestmountains,notonce,buttwice—afeatthatnootherclimberhas____27____.Sanu’sjourneyhasitsown____28____.Hehastofacea(n)____29____factthatovertheyears,manySherpashavediedwhile____30____foreignclimbersuptothepeaks.However,overcomingdifficultiestostandonpeaksgiveshimagreatsenseofexcitement.“AclimbingSherpaisahero.Thatreally____31____me,”saidSanu.“Climbingall14peaksabove8000metreswas____32____notinmymind.Butafterreachingfourpeaksin2021,Istartedthinking,‘Whynototherpeaks?’”Hethencarriedouttheplan____33____.“Ididn’tthinkIcouldstandonpeaksagainandagainwhenIwasaporter.Soforpeoplewhoadmireothersandfeel____34____aboutthemselvesjust____35____yourworriesandgetstarted.”21.A.dreamtB.approvedC.heardD.spoken22.A.goalB.taskC.rightD.chance23.A.titleB.jobC.fieldD.honour 24.A.hurriedlyB.anxiouslyC.successfullyD.cautiously25.A.stageB.attemptC.sectionD.contest26.A.appreciateB.discoverC.observeD.challenge27.A.achievedB.rememberedC.imaginedD.predicted28.A.advantagesB.approachesC.limitationsD.adventures29.A.depressingB.arguableC.interestingD.impressive30.A.persuadingB.guidingC.invitingD.pushing31.A.changesB.improvesC.surprisesD.attracts32.A.constantlyB.originallyC.occasionallyD.finally33.A.doubtfullyB.reliablyC.firmlyD.faithfully34.A.disappointedB.regretfulC.impatientD.unconfident35.A.expressB.removeC.shareD.control【答案】21.A22.A23.B24.C25.B26.D27.A28.D29.A30.B31.A32.B33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了SanuSherpa一次成功登山之后，成為了一名登山者。這位47歲的夏爾巴人已經(jīng)成為世界上第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是兩次——這是其他登山者沒有做到的壯舉?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：薩努·夏爾巴曾夢(mèng)想在這里過上好日子。A.dreamt夢(mèng)想；B.approved贊成；C.heard聽見；D.spoken說。根據(jù)后文“ofmakingagoodlifehere”以及下文提到了他當(dāng)向?qū)У哪繕?biāo)，可知，薩努·夏爾巴曾夢(mèng)想在這里過上好日子。dreamof表示“夢(mèng)想……”。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，他還有一個(gè)目標(biāo)——成為一名登山向?qū)?，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A.goal目標(biāo)；B.task任務(wù)；C.right權(quán)利；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)后文“ofbecomingaclimbingguide”可知，成為登山導(dǎo)向是他的一個(gè)目標(biāo)。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：與此同時(shí)，他還有一個(gè)目標(biāo)——成為一名登山向?qū)?，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A.title標(biāo)題；B.job工作；C.field領(lǐng)域；D.honour榮譽(yù)。根據(jù)上文“becomingaclimbingguide”可知登山向?qū)且环莨ぷ鳌９蔬xB?！?4題詳解】 考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：2006年，薩努第一次成功攀登了ChoOyu山，成為了一名登山者。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.anxiously焦慮地；C.successfully成功地；D.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)上文“In2006Sanubecameamountaineer”可知，薩努成為了一名登山者說明成功攀登了ChoOyu山，故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：2006年，薩努第一次成功攀登了ChoOyu山，成為了一名登山者。A.stage階段；B.attempt嘗試；C.section部分；D.contest比賽。根據(jù)上文“Heinitiallyworkedasaporter.(他最初是做搬運(yùn)工的)”可知，他最初是做搬運(yùn)工的，說明這是第一次嘗試登山。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位47歲的夏爾巴人已經(jīng)成為世界上第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是兩次——這是其他登山者沒有做到的壯舉。A.appreciate感激；B.discover發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.observe觀察；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“theplanet’s14highestmountains”指挑戰(zhàn)地球上14座最高山峰。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位47歲的夏爾巴人已經(jīng)成為世界上第一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是兩次——這是其他登山者沒有做到的壯舉。A.achieved實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.remembered記得；C.imagined想象；D.predicted預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)上文“afeatthatnootherclimberhas”中feat表示壯舉，故這里指其他登山者沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的壯舉。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：薩努的旅程本身也有冒險(xiǎn)。A.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)；B.approaches方法；C.limitations限制；D.adventures冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)后文“Hehastofacea(n)　　9　　　　factthatovertheyears,manySherpashavediedwhile　　10　　　foreignclimbersuptothepeaks.(他不得不面對(duì)一個(gè)令人沮喪的事實(shí)：多年來，許多夏爾巴人在引導(dǎo)外國登山者攀登山峰的過程中喪生。)”可知，薩努的旅程是充滿冒險(xiǎn)的。故選D。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他不得不面對(duì)一個(gè)令人沮喪的事實(shí)：多年來，許多夏爾巴人在引導(dǎo)外國登山者攀登山峰的過程中喪生。A.depressing令人沮喪的；B.arguable可爭辯的；C.interesting有趣的；D.impressive印象深刻的。根據(jù)后文“manySherpashavedied”可知，令人沮喪的事實(shí)是許多夏爾巴人在引導(dǎo)外國登山者攀登山峰的過程中喪生。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他不得不面對(duì)一個(gè)令人沮喪的事實(shí)：多年來，許多夏爾巴人在引導(dǎo)外國登山者攀登山峰的過程中喪生。A.persuading說服；B.guiding給……導(dǎo)游；C.inviting邀請(qǐng)；D.pushing 推。根據(jù)前文“becomingaclimbingguide”和后文“foreignclimbersuptothepeaks”，可知，此處指給外國登山者做向?qū)?，登山。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這真的改變了我。A.changes改變；B.improves提高；C.surprises驚喜；D.attracts吸引。根據(jù)上文“AclimbingSherpaisahero.(登山的夏爾巴人是英雄)”結(jié)合后文他繼續(xù)登山，可知“登山的夏爾巴人是英雄”這一觀點(diǎn)改變了他。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，我最初并沒有想到。A.constantly持續(xù)地；B.originally起初；C.occasionally偶爾；D.finally最后。根據(jù)后文“Butafterreachingfourpeaksin2021,Istartedthinking”可知，他最初沒有想攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，是后面才決定的。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他堅(jiān)定地執(zhí)行了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。A.doubtfully懷疑地；B.reliably可靠地；C.firmly堅(jiān)定地；D.faithfully忠實(shí)地。根據(jù)上文“Whynototherpeaks?”可知，薩努決心攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，也堅(jiān)定地執(zhí)行了這個(gè)計(jì)劃。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，對(duì)于那些欽佩他人、對(duì)自己感到不自信的人來說，消除你的擔(dān)憂，開始行動(dòng)吧。A.disappointed失望地；B.regretful后悔的；C.impatient不耐煩的；D.unconfident不自信的。根據(jù)上文“whoadmireothers”可知，這些人欽佩他人、對(duì)自己感到不自信。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，對(duì)于那些欽佩他人、對(duì)自己感到不自信的人來說，消除你的擔(dān)憂，開始行動(dòng)吧。A.express表達(dá)；B.remove消除；C.share分享；D.control控制。根據(jù)后文“getstarted”可知，薩努鼓勵(lì)那些不自信的人，擺脫擔(dān)憂，開始行動(dòng)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Someoftheworld’sleadingvaccinemakersaredevelopingbirdflushotstoprepare____36____possibleoutbreaksofthesicknessinhumans.Birdflu,oravian(鳥類)flu,is____37____(official)knownasH5N1.Thevirususually____38____(spread)amongdifferentkindsofpoultry(家禽).Humaninfectionsremainveryrare.Butmosthumancaseshavebeenlinkedtodirectcontactwith____39____(infect)birds.Now,severallargevaccinedevelopers____40____(work)onbirdfluvaccinestogetreadyforthepossibility thattheviruscouldonedayjumptohumans.Onecurrentoutbreakinvolvesanavianfluversion____41____hasalreadykilledrecordnumbersofbirdsandsomeotheraffectedanimals.Inaddition,therehasbeen____42____pushamongcompaniestodevelopavaccinetobegivendirectlytopoultry.Suchamarketcouldbemuch____43____(large)thantheoneforhumans.Vaccine____44____(professional)toldReutersthathundredsofmillionsofbirdflushotscouldbemanufacturedwithinmonthsifanewvariant(變種)ofthevirusstartsspreadingamonghumans.Aninternationalagreement_____45_____(cover)pandemicflusetsaside10percentofworldwidesupplyfortheWorldHealthOrganizationtosharewithlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.【答案】36.for37.officially38.spreads39.infected40.areworking41.that##which42.a43.larger44.professionals45.covering【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。世界上一些領(lǐng)先的疫苗制造商正在開發(fā)禽流感疫苗，為可能在人類中爆發(fā)禽流感做好準(zhǔn)備?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：世界上一些領(lǐng)先的疫苗制造商正在開發(fā)禽流感疫苗，為可能在人類中爆發(fā)禽流感做好準(zhǔn)備。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，preparefor為固定短語，含義為：為……做準(zhǔn)備，與句子表達(dá)的含義一致，故填for。【37題詳解】考查副詞。句意：禽流感，正式名稱為H5N1。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作狀語，使用副詞，故填officially?！?8題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這種病毒通常在不同種類的家禽之間傳播。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作謂語，因句子表示的是一個(gè)客觀情況，謂語動(dòng)詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填spreads?！?9題詳解】 考查形容詞。句意：但大多數(shù)人類病例都與直接接觸受感染的鳥類有關(guān)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作定語，且名詞birds做空白處的邏輯賓語，應(yīng)使用V-ed形式的形容詞，故填infected?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，幾家大型疫苗開發(fā)商正在研制禽流感疫苗，為有朝一日病毒可能傳播給人類做好準(zhǔn)備。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語now以及句意可知句子表達(dá)的是正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，謂語動(dòng)詞使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故填areworking?！?1題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：目前爆發(fā)的一次禽流感已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄數(shù)量的鳥類和其他一些受影響的動(dòng)物死亡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含定語從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為anavianfluversion，因先行詞在定語從句中做主語指物，使用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，故填that/which?！?2題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：此外，各家公司也在推動(dòng)開發(fā)一種直接用于家禽的疫苗。根據(jù)冠詞的用法，名詞前需使用不定冠詞，表示“一種”含義，故填a?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：這樣的市場(chǎng)可能比人類的市場(chǎng)要大得多。根據(jù)上文“Suchamarket(這樣的市場(chǎng))”以及下文“theoneforhumans(人類的市場(chǎng))”可知此處要對(duì)兩個(gè)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行比較，要使用形容詞的比較級(jí)，故填larger。【44題詳解】考查名詞。句意：疫苗專業(yè)人士告訴路透社，如果出現(xiàn)新變種在人類中傳播，數(shù)月內(nèi)可能生產(chǎn)出數(shù)億支禽流感疫苗。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中做主語，使用名詞，因句子表達(dá)的是一個(gè)不確定的概念，空白處應(yīng)填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填professionals?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：一項(xiàng)涵蓋大流行性流感的國際協(xié)議留出了全球供應(yīng)量的10%，供世界衛(wèi)生組織與中低收入國家分享。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中做定語，使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，因與其邏輯主語Aninternationalagreement之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，使用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填covering。第三節(jié)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)考查(共5小題：每小題1分，共5分)根據(jù)所給漢、英或首字母提示，寫出單詞的恰當(dāng)形式，每空只填一詞。46.Thesune__________frombehindthecloudsandthemountainwasbathedingoldenlight.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】emerged##merged【解析】 【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：太陽從云層后面升起，山沐浴在金色光線中。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句意“升起”可知，空格處涉及單詞“emerge”，意為“出現(xiàn)”，動(dòng)詞詞性，根據(jù)句中“wasbathed”可知，句子陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事，為一般過去時(shí)，空格處應(yīng)用“emerge”的過去式“emerged”。故填emerged。47.Thecontestisopentobotha__________andprofessionalparticipants.(根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫)【答案】amateur##mateur【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：比賽對(duì)業(yè)余選手和職業(yè)選手都開放。根據(jù)句意及首字母提示可知，amateur“業(yè)余愛好的”，形容詞，在句中和形容詞professional并列作定語，修飾名詞participants，故填amateur。48.Sheburstintotears,r__________(發(fā)泄，釋放)allhersorrowfulemotions.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)【答案】releasing##eleasing【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：她突然哭了起來，釋放了所有的悲傷情緒。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及漢語提示可知為動(dòng)詞release，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語she構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填releasing。49.Asharedbikeislefta__________(舍棄的)atabusstop.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)【答案】abandoned##bandoned【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一輛共享單車被遺棄在公交站。根據(jù)中英文提示可知，abandoned“被舍棄的，被遺棄的”，形容詞，在句中作主語補(bǔ)足語，故填abandoned。50.Themuseumhostssixp__________(永久的)galleries,ensuringthatthereissomethingforeveryvisit.(根據(jù)中英文提示填空)【答案】permanent##ermanent【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：博物館設(shè)有六個(gè)常設(shè)展廳，確保每次參觀都能有所收獲。根據(jù)所給漢語“永久的”和首字母可知，形容詞permanent符合句意，在句中作定語。故填permanent。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)51.假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席，你們市下周日將要舉行王羲之書法藝術(shù)展，請(qǐng)你向校英文報(bào)寫一則書面通知，號(hào)召大家觀看展覽，內(nèi)容包括： 1.王羲之及其代表作；2.展出時(shí)間地點(diǎn)和內(nèi)容；3.參展注意事項(xiàng)。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。參考詞匯：書法家calligrapher書法calligraphy《蘭亭集序》PrefacetoLantingPavilionCollectionNotice__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union【答案】NoticeIamgladtoinformyouthatanartexhibitionofWangXizhi’scalligraphywillbeheldinourcitynextSunday.WangXizhiwasafamouscalligrapherintheEasternJinDynastyandoneofthegreatestcalligraphersinChinesehistory.HismostfamousworkisthePrefacetoLantingPavilionCollection.Itwillbeondisplay.TheexhibitionwillbeheldatthecityMuseumandwillstartat8a.m.nextSaturday.InadditiontothePrefacetoLantingPavilionCollection,othercalligraphyworksofWangXizhiarealsoondisplay.Pleasenotethatnofoodordrinkisallowedintheexhibitionhall.Bequietduringenjoyingtheworks.TheStudents’Union【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用寫作。要求考生就下周日將要舉行的王羲之書法藝術(shù)展寫一則書面通知，號(hào)召大家觀看展覽?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累高興的：glad→delighted作品：work→creation開始：start→begin展示：ondisplay→onshow2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句 原句：WangXizhiwasafamouscalligrapherintheEasternJinDynastyandoneofthegreatestcalligraphersinChinesehistory.拓展句：WangXizhiwasafamouscalligrapherintheEasternJinDynasty,whoisoneofthegreatestcalligraphersinChinesehistory.【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]IamgladtoinformyouthatanartexhibitionofWangXizhi’scalligraphywillbeheldinourcitynextSunday.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)[高分句型2]Pleasenotethatnofoodordrinkisallowedintheexhibitionhall.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)第二節(jié)(滿分25分)52.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iwasashy13-year-oldboythatyearafraidtospeakbeforepeopleandpooratcommunicatingwithothers.Myparentswereworriedsotheyintroducedapart-timejobinarestauranttomeduringthesummervacation,hopingitwouldmakeadifferencetome.AlthoughIhateditanddidn’tbelieveitwouldbringanychangetome,Ihadtoacceptit.Thepart-timejobfellonMondayofeachweek.OnthefirstMonday,Isimplydarednotlookatpeopleintherestaurant.AndwhenIwasspeakingwiththem,myfaceturnedredandmyvoicewaslow.Onmywaybackhome,Ifeltsobad.ButwhenIreachedhome,mybadfeelingsdisappeared.Ifoundmyparentshadbroughthomeapetcat,whichIhadexpectedtogetforalongperiodoftime.Thecatwassolovely.However,oneThursday,hesecretlyranoutanddisappeared.Welookedforhimeverywherethewholedaybutfoundnothing.Welivedinthecity,closetoahigh-trafficroad,andthiscatdidn’thave“streetsmarts”.Iguessedhewouldprobablydieandwouldn’tbehomeagain.Andafterthreedaysoflookingforthecatwithnosignofhim,Iquitebelievedhewouldn’tbehomeagain.Myparentstoldme“Amiracle(奇跡)mayhappenaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.”However,Iquitedoubtedit.OnthemorningofthefollowingMonday,Ileftforwork45minutesearlierandstartedwalkingtothebusstopablockaway.Whilewaitingforthebusthere,Ithoughtabouttheworkandfeltupset.Itwouldn’tbehelpfultomeanditwastiring!HowmuchIwantedtoquitthejob!Andthinkingofthecat,Ifeltevenworse.Sinceitwasstillearly,IsuddenlywantedtosparesometimetolookforthecatagainthoughIhadlittlehope.Itoldmyself,“IfIstillfailtofindhimthistime,Iwon’tlookforhimagain.”Then,Idecidedtowalktothenextbusstoptolookforhimaround.Minuteslater,suddenly,adirtyandweakcatsittingbyatreecaughtmyeye.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。 Myeyeswidened,andIwassurprisedtofinditwasjustourcat.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Encouraged,Irushedtothebusstopanddecidednottogiveupthepart-timejob.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Myeyeswidened,andIwassurprisedtofinditwasjustourcat.Excited,Iwalkedrightuptohim.WhileIcarriedhiminmyarms,hepushedhisdirtyfaceintomine.IweptwithjoybecauseIhadfoundmycat.Iturnedaroundandtookhimtorushhome.Seeingmecarryingourcat,mymotherwassurprised.WhenIshowedhimtoher,shesaid,“JustasItoldyou,amiraclemayhappenaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.”Thistime,Inoddedandsmiled.Encouraged,Irushedtothebusstopanddecidednottogiveupthepart-timejob.“Maybeit’llindeedchangemeifIsticktoit.”Itoldmyselfwhileheadingtowardstherestaurant.StillfeelingalittletiredandafraidwhileIwasworkingthatday,Iwasbetterthanbefore.AndIcontinueddoingthejob.Eventually,ImiraculouslyfoundIdaredtolookdirectlyatthecustomersandcommunicatewiththemwithaconfidentsmile.Myparentswerehappyaboutmychanges.Whenmyjobendedthatsummer,Iwroteasentenceinmyjournal:“Don’tgiveupbeforeamiraclehappens.”【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者13歲時(shí)很害羞，不敢在人前說話，也不善于與人交流。父母很擔(dān)心，所以他們?cè)谑罴俳o作者介紹了一份餐館的兼職工作，希望能有所幫助。作者一開始很羞澀，但是因?yàn)橐恢回堊髡邎?jiān)持了下來?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我睜大了眼睛，驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)那只是我們家的貓”可知，第一段可描寫作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了那只貓。 ②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我受到了鼓舞，沖到公交車站，決定不放棄這份兼職工作”可知，第二段可描寫作者堅(jiān)持完成了工作。2.續(xù)寫線索：發(fā)現(xiàn)貓——帶回家——驚訝——不放棄——完成兼職——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類抱著：carry/hug結(jié)束：end/beover堅(jiān)持：stickto/persistin情緒類驚訝：surprised/astonished快樂：joy/happiness【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]WhenIshowedhimtoher,shesaid,“JustasItoldyou,amiraclemayhappenaslongasyoudon’tgiveup.”(運(yùn)用了when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)[高分句型2]“Maybeit’llindeedchangemeifIsticktoit.”(運(yùn)用了if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句)