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1、華中科技大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文中國(guó)就業(yè)問題研究姓名:李敏申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:博士專業(yè):西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師:張培剛;方齊云20050513在指出了就業(yè)問題癥結(jié)以后,本文對(duì)如何克服這一癥結(jié)進(jìn)行了研究。通過對(duì)縮減在崗勞動(dòng)者工作時(shí)間的方案分析,表明在政府一定的財(cái)政支持下,擴(kuò)大勞動(dòng)者的就業(yè)空間與加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)和提高可以同時(shí)并存。通過對(duì)福利性中小學(xué)教育方案的分析,表明福利性義務(wù)教育券勢(shì)在必行,而且它對(duì)擴(kuò)大人力資本投資而言,是一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)性的工作。同時(shí)對(duì)福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)效率機(jī)制的分析表明,由于福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)內(nèi)在的效率特色,使它與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的福利效率不同,具有明顯改進(jìn)中國(guó)人口素
2、質(zhì)的高效率特色,是解除目前中國(guó)就業(yè)困境的理想途徑。最后,在分析了福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)現(xiàn)有就業(yè)環(huán)境的影響以后,論述了福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的雙重影響,有利于促進(jìn)中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)向輕型化、工業(yè)節(jié)能化、技術(shù)精細(xì)化和服務(wù)全面化的方向發(fā)展,從而多方位地拓展中國(guó)現(xiàn)有的就業(yè)空間。采用動(dòng)態(tài)分析和靜態(tài)分析相結(jié)合的方法,結(jié)合福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)的勞動(dòng)力要素變化趨勢(shì)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化趨勢(shì),對(duì)中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力供給和需求的長(zhǎng)期變化趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了預(yù)測(cè)。通過動(dòng)態(tài)趨勢(shì)分析表明,隨著福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)的日益完善和發(fā)展,勞動(dòng)者素質(zhì)提高和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整將會(huì)同時(shí)并進(jìn),勞動(dòng)力供給和需求的缺口將日漸縮小
3、,就業(yè)困境將真正得到緩解。關(guān)鍵詞:就業(yè)人力資本義務(wù)教育產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)福利性學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)IIAbstractEmploymentisvitaltopeople.ThepapertriestoalleviatetheemploymentpredicamentandtosolvetheseriousunemploymentproblemsinChina.Basedontheanalysisofthepresentemploymentopinion,newideasofsolvingtheemploymentproblemhavebeenbroughtupsoasto
4、catchupwiththegoal.Firstly,ithasbeenpointedoutthatpresentemploymentproblemmainlyliesinthecontradictionoflaborersdemandandsupplyaccompaniedwiththeemploymentstructureaccordingtostatisticsdatainChina.Withtheincreaseoftheemploymentburdeninthetownandabundantlaborersinthecountrysidemo
5、vingtothenon-agricultureindustryfast,itiscrossedwiththenewgrowinglaborersemploymentandthereemploymentoftheunemploymentpeople,whichmeansthattheemploymentprobleminChinaisbothtotalquantitycontradictionandthestructuralproblem,whichissocomplicatedandsolongthatthegovernmenthastocopewi
6、thprudently.Secondly,itisobviousthatthepresentemploymentopinionshavetheireffectonexploringemploymentarea,suchastheindustrialization,economicgrowth,developingthelabor-intensiveindustry,developingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises,developinghightechnology,promotingurbanizationandsoon
7、,buthavenotdonetheirworkeffectivelyinthepromotionoftheemployment,whichowestothefactthatChinaisalwayscompetingwithGDPrapidlyinthecourseofmacroeconomicgrowth.Although,theGDPinChinaisgrowingfast,thegapbetweenthepoorandtherichisenlargedincreasingly,theabundantlaborersinthecountrysid
8、ehavenotbeensettledandtheurbanemploymentismores