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2023-2024-1長沙一中高一上期中考試英語試卷時量：120分鐘滿分：150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)略第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AEyeOpenerVolunteerDescriptionForabout30years,theMuseumofScienceEyeOpenerProgramhasbeenworkingwiththeBostonPublicSchoolstobringtheexcitingworldofsciencetosecondgradestudentsfromacrossthecity.Eachyear,about3,000studentsfromover45Bostonschoolsvisitthemuseumtoexplore,askquestionsandfindanswers.Since1986,fundsfromtheGermeshausenFamilyFoundationhavesupportedtheEyeOpenerPrograminprovidingaguidedmuseumexperienceforsecondgraders.Withthehelpofalargecorpsofvolunteers,theprogramintroducesthesestudentstothemuseumandgivesthemachancetoengageinscience.EyeOpenervolunteersencourageexplorationandtheexcitementofdiscoveryastheysharethemuseumwiththechildren.Theyachievethesegoalsthroughconversation,hands-onexperiments,explorationofexhibits,andPracticingscientificthinkingskillswithprogramparticipants.ResponsibilitiesEachTuesdaymorning,thestudentsaregroupedintosetsof4to6withapairofvolunteerswhogivethematourofthemuseum.Tourslastabouttwohoursandaretailoredtotheinterestsofthestudents.Learnthelay-outofthemuseumtoshareandexplorewithsecondgraderstheexhibitswhichMaybeinterestingtothem.Encouragechildrentoobserve,compare,describe,askquestionsandshareideas.Knowmuseumemergenceandsafetyprocedures.Workinclosecollaborationwithadiversegroupofvolunteers.MinimumQualifications●Patience,sensitivity,andunderstanding.●Willingnesstoworkwithyoungchildrenandhighschoolstudentsofallbackgroundsandabilities. ●Interestininformalscienceeducation.AdditionaldetailsCommitment:Four-tosix-monthcommitment.Time:Tuesdaymornings(9:30-12:30)throughouttheschoolyear.Training:AttendanceattheNewVolunteerOrientationsessionisrequired.1.TheMuseumofScienceEyeOpenerProgramaimsat________.A.encouragingteenagerstovisitthemuseumB.guidingyounggirlsfallinlovewithscienceC.directingBostonschoolstoteachscienceD.helpingkidsengageinscienceinthemuseum2Whatcanstudentsdothroughtheprogram?A.Payavisittothemuseumanydaytheylike.B.Learnaboutwhattheyareinterestedin.C.Takeatourofthemuseuminagroupoftwo.D.Lookaroundthemuseumfor4hourseachtime.3.TheVolunteersarerequiredto________.A.workonTuesdaymorningsB.getadiplomainscienceC.haveasenseofhumorD.volunteerforatleastoneyearBIntheanimalkingdom,killerwhales(虎鯨)aresocialstars:theytravelinvariedfamilygroups,careforgrandchildren,andevenimitatehumanspeech.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorebehaviortothelist:formingfastfriendships.Anewstudyshowskillerwhalescanrivalanimalssuchaschimpanzeesandmacaques(akindofmonkey),andevenhumanswhenitcomestothekindof“socialtouch”thatindicatesstrongbonds.Someoceananimalsmaintainsocialstructures—includingmaledolphinsthatlearnthe“names”oftheircloseallies(盟友).Butthereislittledataaboutwildkillerwhales.That’swheredrone(無人機)technologycamein.MichaelWeiss,abehavioralecologist,teamedupwithhiscolleaguestolaunchdrones,flyingthem30to120metersaboveagroupofkillerwhales.Thatwashighenoughnottotroublethewhales,markingthefirsttimedroneshavebeenusedtostudyfriendlyphysicalcontactinwhales.Theresearchersrecordedover800instancesofphysicalcontactbetweenindividuals.Thoseincludedhugs,back-to-backandnose-to-nosetouchesbetweenpairsofwhales.Otherwhalesplayfullythrewyoungwhalesintotheair,lettingthemfallintothewater.Besides,thedroneimagesrevealedclearpreferencesamongindividuals, usuallyforone“bestfriend”ofthesamesexandage.TakeJ49andJ51—twodistantlyrelatedyoungmalesaged9and6—forinstance.“Everytimeyouseeagroupofwhales,thosetwoarerightthereinteractingwitheachother,”Weisssays.Theyoungledmostoftheseinteractions,ratherthantheolderfemalesormales.Oldermalesinparticularwerelessimportant.“Theyoungindividualsreallyseemtobetheglueholdingthegroupstogether,”Weisssays.Asindividualsage,thisgraduallossof“centrality”isknowninmanysocialmammals,includinghumans.Thatfindingis“especiallyappealing”toStaceyTecot,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.“Scientistshavelongobservedthissocialagingtrendinanimals,buttherearestillmanyunansweredquestions,”shesays.That’scertainlyontheresearchers’radar.“We’realreadygatheringnewdata,withmoreadvancedequipment,”saysWeiss.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rival”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Benefitfrom.B.Beequalto.C.Dependon.D.Befondof.5.WhatisnewaboutWeiss’research?A.Theresearchmethod.B.Thevarietyofspecies.C.Thesizeoftheresearchteam.D.Thetimespentontheresearch.6.WhatdidWeissfindaboutJ49andJ51?A.Theyhaveastablefriendship.B.Theirinteractionsaremorecomplicated.C.Theircommunicatingwayschangefrequently.D.Theypreferplayingwithyoungfemalewhales.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Moreresearcherswillbeinvolvedinthestudy.B.Otherscientiststakeanegativeattitudetotheresearch.C.Researcherswillcollectmoredatatostudykillerwhales.D.Researcherswilluncoverthesocialagingtrendinanimalssoon.CThirteenyearsago,AvaKaufmanwasfightingforherlife.Now,thankstoadonorheartandsuccessfulorgantransplant,she’salive—andsavingothers.“Mylifechangedonadime.”saidKaufman,whowasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenanautoimmunediseasewentundiagnosedandsheendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.Onherbirthdayin2009,shereceivedanewheartandpromisedGodifshecouldlivetoraiseheryoungdaughter,shewoulddoeverythingshecouldtogiveback.Today,Kaufmanisdoingjustthat.Kaufmanstartedhernon-profit,Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationoffertransplantpatientsservicesthat areoftennotcoveredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,andhousing.Shefoundoutthatpatientsoftenmustshowfinancialsecurityandbeabletoaffordtransportationandhousingneartheirtransplanthospitaltogetlisted.AndforsomepatientshopingtoreceiveatransplantinabigcitylikeLosAngeles,whererentsarehighandhotelsareexpensive,thecostalonecouldbeabarrier.Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocationswhereshehousesuptofivetransplantpatientsandtheirfamiliesatatime,atnocost,aftertheirsurgery.Thisallowsthemtoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalforthedurationoftheiraftercare.Sinceshestarted,Kaufmanhashelpedabout175peoplewithpost-transplanthousing,andabout150morewithsupportservicesandfinancialassistance.At72,Kaufmanworksouteverydayandhasnoplanstoslowdown.“IfeellikeIwaschosentodothis,”shesaid.“WhenImadeapromisetoGod,Ididn’tknowwhatitwasgoingtobe,butitturnedouttobemynon-profit,Ava’sHeart.”8.WhatleftKaufman’slifeindanger?A.Aheartfromadonor.B.Anundiagnoseddisease.C.Anorgantransplant.D.ApromisetoGod.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onadime”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Immediately.B.Slightly.C.FrequentlyD.Occasionally.10.WhatcanweinferaboutAva’sHeart?A.Ithasofferedhousingto175patientsaftertheirtransplantsurgeries.B.Itplanstoslowdownbecausenoprofitcanbemadefromthepatients.C.ItwasstartedbyKaufmantohelpthetransplantpatientswithinsurance.D.Itmakesagreatdifferencetothepatientswhocan’taffordthecost.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AWomanFightingforLife.B.NeverLoseHeartinFuture.C.HomeisWheretheHeartis.D.HeartDonationtoThoseinNeed.DFacebookhasdevelopedakindofAI(人工智能)translatingbetweenanypairof100languageswithoutdependingonfirsttranslatingtoEnglish.Facebook’ssystemwastrainedonadatasetof7.5billionsentencepairscollectedfromthewebacross100languages,thoughnotallthelanguageshadanequalnumberofsentencepairs.“WhatIwasreallyinterestedinwascuttingoutEnglishasamiddleman.Globallythereareplentyofcountrieswheretheyspeaktwolanguagesthataren’tEnglish,”saysAngelaFanofFacebookAI,wholedthework. Forsomelanguagepairs,thenewsystemshowsprominentimprovementsintranslationquality.Forexample,translatingfromSpanishtoPortugueseisextremelystrongbecauseSpanishisthesecond-mostspokenfirstlanguageworldwide,meaningtheresearcherscangetalotofdata.TranslationbetweenEnglishandBelarusian(白俄羅斯語)alsoisimprovedbecausetheAIcantranslateRussianintoEnglish,whichsharessimilaritieswithBelarusian.Whilethesystemisn’tinuseonthesocialnetworksite,Facebookplanstoputittoworksoontomanagethe20billiontranslationsmadeeverydaywhenpeopleclick“Translate”onposts(帖子)writteninmorethan160languages.“Futureworkwillbedoneonotherlanguages,”saysFan,“especiallyforlanguageswherewedon’thavealotofdata,likeSouth-EastAsianandAfricanlanguages.”Thework“breaksawayfromtheEnglish-centricmodelsandtriestobuildmoredifferentmodels,”saysSheliaCastilhooftheADAPTCentreatDublinCityUniversity,Ireland.“That’sprettynewanddifferent.Butit’shardtoknowiftheAIdoesarighttranslationwork,”saysCastilho.“Theusersmaynotknowtheotherlanguage,sotheycannotjudgethecorrectnessofthetranslation.”12.What’sAngelaFan’spurposeofdoingtheresearch?A.Tocollectdataofallkindsofpeople.B.Tomakelearningdifferentlanguageseasier.C.Toachieveherdreamofbecomingatranslator.D.ToavoidusingEnglishasamiddlemanintranslation.13.WhyisiteasytotranslatefromSpanishtoPortuguesebyAI?A.ThereismuchdataonSpanish.B.PortugueseissimilartoSpanish.C.Researchershaveagoodknowledgeofthetwolanguages.D.Spanishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeople.14.WhatisCastilhoworriedabout?A.ThesafetyofAItranslation.B.ThecorrectnessofAItranslation.C.ThewayofusingFacebook.D.Thenumberofpostsonthewebsite.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FacebookAICanTalkwiththeUsersB.FacebookWantstoBuyaNewSystemC.FacebookAICanTranslateAnyPairof100LanguagesD.FacebookHasLostManyUsers 第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourselfandliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herearesomechoicesthatwillleadtoyourtransformation.ChoosetochangebadhabitsSomebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.____16____Youcanovercomethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyourstruggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananything.ChoosetogrowIt’seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife._____17_____Inchoosingtogrowyoubuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeawareofwhatneedsimprovement,andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.ChoosetoseekabalancedlifeWheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Ortheopposite?_____18_____Ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,findthetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ifyouhaven’tcommittedtoascheduleinawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone._____19_____Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamilymembersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocialstability.ChoosetoliveyourpassionWhateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethingsyouwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicetopursuethosepassionsatwhatevercost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou’veneverdone._____20_____A.ChoosetospendtimewiththoseyouloveB.ChoosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexiblyC.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tberuledbythem.D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.E.Howeverwithre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.F.It’sgoodtochange,andyou’veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillbeworthit. 第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分55分)第一節(jié)(共30小題;每小題1分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ALastmonth,Kochwenttomakebreakfastandfounda(n)____21____guestusinghispool.Alargemoose(駝鹿)wasswimminginthedeepend,____22____inthesolarcover(太陽能覆蓋膜).“Ilookedoutinthebackyardandthere’sthemooseabsolutelyscaredand____23____,”KochtoldTheDodo.“Shesteppedonthesolarcoverandputher____24____throughitandshewas____25____tryingtogetfree.”KochhasnoticedmorewildlifearoundhishomeinOttawa,buthehad____26____seenananimalthisimpressivebefore.Herushedoutsideand____27____thesolarcoveroffthepoormoose,whocontinuedswimmingaroundthepool,provingtobea____28____skilledswimmer.Thewildmooseseemedtobehavingtroublefindingherwayoutofthepool,soKochcalledthepoliceandwildlifeservicestoseeiftheycould____29____ahand.“Shelookedsopitifullysadouttherethatmywifesaid,‘Iwanttogivehera____30____.’”Workersfromwildlifeservicesintendedthattheywouldgethertoasaferspot,buttheycouldn’t____31____ituntilshewasoutofthewater.“The____32____thingthathappenedwasthatafter3.5hourssheclimbedoutoftheshallowendand____33____thefence,”Kochsaid.Themoose____34____unhurt,butthesamecan’tbesaidforKoch’spool—whichnowhastwohoof-sized(馬蹄大小的)holesinthe____35____.21.A.informalB.ordinaryC.generousD.unexpected22.A.attractedB.stuckC.removedD.tricked23.A.strugglingB.sleepingC.shoutingD.searching24.A.shoulderB.footC.faceD.back25.A.regularlyB.passivelyC.anxiouslyD.unwillingly26. A.alwaysB.usuallyC.neverD.sometimes27.A.pulledB.calledC.putD.dropped28.A.surprisinglyB.slightlyC.fortunatelyD.simply29.A.donateB.recognizeC.lendD.cure30.A.liftB.hugC.smileD.credit31.A.recoverB.followC.cancelD.manage32.A.mostawkwardB.bestC.funniestD.strangest33.A.brokeintoB.showedoffC.jumpedoverD.letgoof34.A.escapedB.participatedC.hesitatedD.fainted35.A.topB.coverC.wallD.bottomBAlittlegirlwhobattledagainstcancerreceivedaspecialgiftonherthirdbirthday,thankstoacreativestrangerfromIdaho.JessicaSebastian,ownerofSebastianDesign,was____36____byDanielleMunger,whosedaughter,Brynn,lostaneyebecauseofcancer.DanielleaskedJessicaifshecouldmakeabunnydollwithone____37____.“Imakedolls,whichisnotaheroic____38____.ButrecentlyIwasaskedtomakeadollforalittlegirlwhoisatrue____39____,”Jessicawrote.“AmadamcontactedmeandaskedifIwouldmakeabunnydollwithoneeyeforhertwo-year-olddaughterbecauseshe____40____dolls.Thegirllostherlefteyetocancerandhadstartedtonoticethatshewasdifferentandhersweetmomreadarticlesabouthowadollwhichlookslikeachildcanbe____41____andtherapeutic(有益健康的).She____42____herdaughtertohaveadollwithonlyoneeyejustlikeher.____43____,Idon’tthinkI’veeverbeenaskedtocreatesomethingsotender(溫柔的)and____44____.” Brynnreceivedthe____45____giftonMarch25duringherfamilybirthdayparty.“Shewassoexcitedthatshe____46____tookthedolloutoftheboxsothatshecould____47____thedolltoallhercousinsandfamily,”Daniellesaid.Thatevening,DanielletookaphotoofBrynninherWonderWomanpajamas(睡衣)lookingatthebunnydollhappily.Sherecalledherdaughtersaying,“She____48____me!”“Myfavoritepartofthis____49____ishowsheiswearingherWonderWomancostume,”Jessicasaid.“Itperfectlyrepresentsthe____50____andcourageofthislittlesuperhero.”36.A.invitedB.respectedC.contactedD.supported37.A.eyeB.legC.footD.ear38.A.behaviorB.professionC.storyD.trick39.A.winnerB.leaderC.superheroD.director40.A.hatesB.missesC.makesD.loves41.A.wildB.unbelievableC.interestingD.helpful42.A.encouragedB.wantedC.requiredD.forced43.A.SofarB.AtonceC.JustnowD.Atpresent44.A.attractiveB.abnormalC.strangeD.meaningful45.A.ordinaryB.expensiveC.flexibleD.special46.AimmediatelyB.actuallyC.definitelyD.hardly47.A.giveawayB.showoffC.takeonD.putup 48.A.likesB.createsC.savesD.matches49.AmomentB.sayingC.photoD.doll50.A.strengthB.kindnessC.wisdomD.honesty第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Adolescence,ingeneral,is____51____(challenge)forbothparentsandtheirchildren.Manyparentsstruggletoredefinetheirrelationshipswiththeirgrowingchildrenandthechangesthatcomewith____52____.Somemaystillclingonto(堅持)the____53____(behave)thatwasrightwhenthechildrenwerelittlebecausetheyareafraidoflosingtheclosenessthey____54____(enjoy)whiletheirchildwasstilllittle.Noparentisperfect,andevenparentsneedhelporalittlepushtogetpastanemotionalhurdle(情感障礙)____55____isholdingthemback.Somemayevenbe____56____(total)surethatwhatthey’redoingiscorrect.Whenthetimeisright,startaconversationwithyourmom____57____anempathetic(感同身受的)pointofview.Tellherthatyouappreciateallthatshehasdone____58____(raise)youandthelengthsshewillgotomakesureyouarehappyanddoingwellatschool,but____59____it’sstartingtomakeyouuncomfortable.Sometimes,therereallyistoomuchofagoodthing,andsheneedstopullbackabitsoyoudon’tfeel____60____(hold)backfromgrowingup.Butnomatterwhathappens,youwillbefine.Youwillstillloveandappreciateher,andshecantrustyouonthat.第三節(jié)(共20小題;每小題0.5分，滿分10分)A根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容默寫或填空。Itcanbeabigheadachetobalanceyourdeveloping____61____(精神需求)too.Youenterastrangemiddleground—nolongerasmallchildbutnotquiteanadult.Youhavebothanewdesireforindependenceandacontinuedneedforyourparents’loveandsupport.Youfeelreadytobemoreresponsibleandmakedecisions____62____(自行).Unfortunately,yourparentsdonotalwaysagreeandthatmakesyoufeelunhappy.“Whycan’ttheyjustletmego?”youmaywonder.____63____(另一方面),whenyouarestrugglingtocontrolyourfeelings,youwishtheycouldbemorecaringandpatient—sometimestheyforgetthatgrowingupis____64____(一段艱難的旅程).Itcanbedifficultwhenyourparentstreatyoulikeachildbutexpectyouto ____65____(行事)anadult.Allofthiscanleadtoabreakdowninyourrelationship.Althoughsometimesitmayseemimpossibletogetalongasafamily,youcan____66____(采取措施)toimprovethesituation.Thekeytokeepingthepeaceis____67____(定期和誠實的溝通).Whenyoudisagreewithyourparents,takeaminutetocalmdownandtrytounderstandthesituation____68____(從他們的角度).Perhapstheyhaveexperiencedsomethingsimilaranddonotwantyoutogothroughthesamepain.Afteryouhavethoughtitthrough,explainyouractionsandfeelingscalmly,listencarefully,and____69____(解決他們的擔憂).Throughthiskindofhealthydiscussion,youwilllearnwhento____70____(退縮)andwhentoaskyourparentstorelaxtheircontrol.B根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容默寫或填空。JenniferJones,15,toldfriendsinherclassthatshewasfeelingunwell.Shethenpassed____71____inhermorningPElessonand____72____(rush)tohospital.Jenniferwasfoundtohave____73____(danger)lowbloodsugarlevelsandwastreatedimmediately.Herworriedparentstoldthedoctorthattheirdaughtermissedbreakfastthatday____74____hardlytouchedherdinnerthenight____75____.Fortunately,sheisnowoutofdanger.Herdoctorsaysthatshewillmakeafullrecovery____76____adayortwo.Jennifer’sclassmateshopetoseeherbackatschoolsoon.____77____saythatshehasstruggledwitheatingproblemsforalongtime.“Jenniferthoughtthatskippingmealswouldbeasimpleway____78____(reach)hertargetweight,”herfriendLauraWilliamstoldourreporter.“Shehasnoteatenbreakfastforthelastfewmonths.Shetoldmeshehadtrouble____79____(concentrate)inclass.Iwarnedherthatskippingmealswas____80____(health),butshewouldn’tlisten.”第四部分寫作(滿分15分)81.假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Mike休學(xué)返校后無法融入到同學(xué)之中，感覺很孤獨。請你寫封郵件，給他提出一些建議，內(nèi)容包括：1.表達關(guān)切和鼓勵；2.給出具體建議；3.表達祝愿。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。 DearMike,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yourssincerely,LiHua