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2023-2024年度高二上學(xué)期武漢市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)5G聯(lián)合體期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷試卷滿(mǎn)分：150分注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分：聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthewomandotonight?A.Reschedulethemeeting.B.Joinasportsclub.C.Seeadoctor.2.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutherinterviewatfirst?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Confident.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Inahotel.4.Whydoesthemanneedthecar?A.Togotowork.B.Todeliveritemsforaparty.C.Totakehisuncletothehospital. 5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Storesomewater.B.Buysomecontainers.C.Fixapipe.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shelikescomedy.BSheneedstoprepareapresent.C.Shewillhaveaprojecttoworkon.7.Whatticketdoesthewomandecidetobook?A.Amusicalplay.B.Acomedyshow.C.Arockconcert.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Rentingacoach.B.Bookingahotel.C.Reschedulingaconference.9.Whyisthe.manworried?A.Theymightgooverbudget.B.Thehotelroomsarenotbigenough.C.Theyhavetogetupearlyeveryday.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohn?A.Hehaschangedalot.B.Helookslikehisfather.C.Heislookingforaplacetolive.11.WhatdoesJohnworkfor?A.Anoverseasfirm.B.Hisfamilybusiness.C.Anexportingcompany.1.2.WhatisJohn’sopiniononhislifenow?A.Enjoyable.B.Difficult.C.Exciting. 聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whyistheeventorganized?A.Tomakemoney.B.Toencouragereading.C.Togiveawaybookstotheschool.14.Whoistheorganizeroftheevent?A.Theschool.B.Thewoman.C.Thelocalbookstores.15.Howwillthemanhelp?A.Bycollectingbooks.B.Byleadingabakesale.C.Bymakingalistofplaces.16.Wherewilltheeventbeheld?A.Atagym.B.Atalibrary.C.Atabookstore.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthemuseumtryingtodo?A.Attractmorevisitors.B.Introducesomeartworks.C.Increasepeople’sappreciationofart.18.Whatprogramisavailableforchildren?A.Classesexploringart.B.Guestlectures.C.Workshops.19.Howcanvisitorslearnaboutartmovementsandtrends?A.Fromthestaff.B.Fromthelibrary.C.Fromtheclasses.20.Howmanydaysisthemuseumopeneachweek?A.Sixdays.B.Fivedays.C.Fourdays.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AEachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeisconsideredwithgreatcare.WeconsidereachapplicanttoHarvardCollegeasawholeperson,andputenormouscareintoevaluatingeveryapplication.Wehopeyouwillexplorethe informationinthissectiontounderstandwhatwelookforinouradmissionsprocess.*HowtoApplySubmityourapplicationthroughtheCommonApplication,theCoalitionApplication,ortheUniversalCollegeApplication.EachistreatedequallybytheAdmissionsCommittee.Completeandsubmityourmaterialsassoonaspossibletoensurefullandtimelyconsiderationofyourapplication.ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation.*WhentoApplyDateDeadlineNovember1EarlyActiondeadlineMarch1FinancialAidApplicationdeadlineLateMarchDecisionlettersmailedMid-DecemberEarlyActiondecisionsreleasedMay1ReplydateforAdmittedStudentsJanuary1RegularDecisiondeadline*WhatWeLookForWeseekpromisingstudentswhowillcontributetotheHarvardcommunityduringtheircollegeyears,andtosocietythroughouttheirlives.Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement,theAdmissionCommitteeconsidersmanyotherfactors—strongpersonalqualities,specialtalentsorexcellencesofallkinds,perspectivesformedbyunusualpersonalcircumstances,andtheabilitytotakeadvantageofavailableresourcesandopportunities. WeoutlineeverythingyouneedtoapplytoHarvard.Clickhttps://college.harvard.edu/admissions/applytogetdetailedrequirements.1.Wherecanyoufinddetailedinformationabouthowtoapply?A.CommonApplicat?on.B.UniversalCollegeApplication.C.ApplicationTips.D.CoalitionApplication.2.WhichisthefinaldayforFinancialAidApplication?A.November1B.March1.C.January1.D.May1.3.WhatisthebasicrequirementtoapplyforHarvardUniversity?A.Specialtalents.B.Strongpersonalqualities.C.Academicaccomplishment.D.Uniqueperspectives.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了申請(qǐng)進(jìn)入哈佛大學(xué)的流程，包括如何申請(qǐng)、何時(shí)申請(qǐng)以及哈佛大學(xué)關(guān)注何種類(lèi)型的考生。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)*HowtoApply部分中的最后一句“ViewourApplicationTipsforstep-by-stepinformation.(查看我們的申請(qǐng)建議以獲取逐步信息。)”可知，如果要知道申請(qǐng)步驟，可以閱讀申請(qǐng)建議，故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)*WhentoApply部分的“March1FinancialAidApplicationdeadline(3月1日財(cái)政援助申請(qǐng)截止日期)”可知，助學(xué)金申請(qǐng)的最后期限是3月1日，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatWeLookFor部分中的第二段“Whileacademicaccomplishmentisthebasicrequirement,theAdmissionCommitteeconsidersmanyotherfactors—strongpersonalqualities,specialtalentsorexcellencesofallkinds,perspectivesformedbyunusualpersonalcircumstances,andtheabilitytotakeadvantageofavailableresourcesandopportunities.(雖然學(xué)術(shù)成就是基本要求，但招生委員會(huì)還會(huì)考慮許多其他因素——強(qiáng)大的個(gè)人素質(zhì)、特殊才能或各種卓越表現(xiàn)、由不同尋常的個(gè)人環(huán)境形成的視角，以及利用現(xiàn)有資源和機(jī)會(huì)的能力)”可知，進(jìn)入哈佛大學(xué)就讀的最基本條件是學(xué)術(shù)成就要滿(mǎn)足要求，故選C。BBodylanguageisafascinatingaspectofhumancommunicationthatoftenspeakslouderthanwords.Itisa silentformofexpressionthatconveysourthoughtsemotions,andintentions.Ihavealwaysbeenamazedbythewayourbodiescancommunicatewithoututteringasingleword.OnevividmemorythatcomestomindisajobinterviewIhadafewyearsago.AsIsatacrossfromtheinterviewer,Icouldfeelmybodytensingup.Icrossedmyarmsandleanedbackinmychair,unconsciouslyactingadefensivebarrier.Theinterviewerpickeduponmyclosed-offpostureandbecamemorereservedintheirquestioning.Itwasclearthatmybodylanguagewassendingamessageofdiscomfortandlackofconfidence.Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.Subtlechangesinposture,facialexpressions,andgesturescansignificantlyimpacttheimpressionwemakeonothers.Fromthatdayforward,Imadeaconsciousefforttoprojectconfidenceandapproachability(平易近人)throughmybodylanguage.Anotherinstancewherebodylanguageplayedacrucialrolewasduringafamilygathering.Aswesataroundthedinnertable,Inoticedmyyoungersisterslumpingandavoidingeyecontactwithanyone.Herbodylanguageindicatedthatshewasfeelingupsetoranxious.Withoutsayingaword,Ireachedoutandgentlytouchedherhand,offeringasilentgestureofsupport.Shelookedatmewithgratitude,andwesharedamomentofunderstandingandconnection.Bodylanguageisnotonlyimportantininterpersonalrelationshipsbutalsoinpublicspeaking.IrememberwatchingaTEDtalkbyarenownedspeakerwhocaptivatedtheaudiencewiththeirconfidentstance,expressivegestures,andengagingeyecontact.Theirbodylanguageenhancedtheimpactoftheirwords,makingthetalkmorememorableandpowerful.Inconclusion,bodylanguageisapowerfultoolthatcanconveyemotions,attitudes,andintentionswithouttheneedforverbalcommunication.Itisessentialtobeawareofourownbodylanguageanditsimpactonothers.Bymasteringtheartofbodylanguage,wecanenhanceourcommunicationskillsandcreatestrongerconnectionswiththosearoundus.4.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinsharingthejobinterviewexperience?A.Toemphasizethesignificanceoffacialexpressionsincommunication.B.Todescribeapersonalexperienceofdiscomfortandlackofconfidence.C.Todemonstratetheimpactofbodylanguageoninterpersonalrelationships.D.Tohighlighttheimportanceofnon-verbalcommunicationinprofessionalsettings.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“captivatedtheaudience”inparagraph5mostlikelymean?A.Theaudiencewascriticalandskepticalofthetalk.B.Theaudiencewascharmedandfascinatedbythetalk. C.Theaudiencewasconfusedanddisinterestedinthetalk.D.Theaudiencewasdistractedanduninterestedinthetalk.6.Whyisitimportanttobeconsciousofourownbodylanguage?AItcanenhanceourpublicspeakingskillsandcaptivatetheaudience.B.Itcanhelpusunderstandandinterpretthebodylanguageofeachother.C.Itcanpreventusfrommakinganynon-verbalcommunicationmistakes.D.Itcancreatestrongerconnectionsandimproveinterpersonalrelationships.7.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹的是肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.(回想起那段經(jīng)歷，我意識(shí)到在專(zhuān)業(yè)場(chǎng)合使用開(kāi)放和自信的肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。)”可知，作者分享面試經(jīng)歷的主要目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)非語(yǔ)言交流在專(zhuān)業(yè)環(huán)境中的重要性。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“withtheirconfidentstance,expressivegestures,andengagingeyecontact(用他們自信的姿態(tài)、富有表現(xiàn)力的手勢(shì)和迷人的眼神)”和“Theirbodylanguageenhancedtheimpactoftheirwords,makingthetalkmorememorableandpowerful.(他們的肢體語(yǔ)言增強(qiáng)了他們?cè)捳Z(yǔ)的影響力，使談話(huà)更令人難忘和有力。)”可知，這些演講者很能吸引觀眾，captivatedtheaudience意為“讓觀眾著迷”，和B選項(xiàng)描述相近，故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itisessentialtobeawareofourownbodylanguageanditsimpactonothers.By masteringtheartofbodylanguage,wecanenhanceourcommunicationskillsandcreatestrongerconnectionswiththosearoundus.(意識(shí)到我們自己的肢體語(yǔ)言及其對(duì)他人的影響是至關(guān)重要的。通過(guò)掌握肢體語(yǔ)言的藝術(shù)，我們可以提高我們的溝通技巧，并與周?chē)娜私⒏喂痰穆?lián)系。)”可知，意識(shí)到自己的肢體語(yǔ)言很重要是因?yàn)樗梢越⒏鼜?qiáng)的聯(lián)系，改善人際關(guān)系。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段“Bodylanguageisafascinatingaspectofhumancommunicationthatoftenspeakslouderthanwords.(肢體語(yǔ)言是人類(lèi)交流中一個(gè)迷人的方面，它往往比語(yǔ)言更有說(shuō)服力。)”說(shuō)明肢體語(yǔ)言很重要，第二段“OnevividmemorythatcomestomindisajobinterviewIhadafewyearsago.(我腦海中浮現(xiàn)出的一個(gè)生動(dòng)的記憶是幾年前的一次面試。)”是作者回憶面試的經(jīng)歷，第三段“Reflectingonthatexperience,Irealizedtheimportanceofusingopenandconfidentbodylanguageinprofessionalsettings.(回想起那段經(jīng)歷，我意識(shí)到在專(zhuān)業(yè)場(chǎng)合使用開(kāi)放和自信的肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性。)”是作者通過(guò)這次經(jīng)歷意識(shí)到肢體語(yǔ)言在專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的重要性；第四段“Anotherinstancewherebodylanguageplayedacrucialrolewasduringafamilygathering.(肢體語(yǔ)言發(fā)揮重要作用的另一個(gè)例子是在家庭聚會(huì)期間。)”是作者回憶肢體語(yǔ)言在家庭生活中的重要性，第五段“Bodylanguageisnotonlyimportantininterpersonalrelationshipsbutalsoinpublicspeaking.(肢體語(yǔ)言不僅在人際關(guān)系中很重要，在公共演講中也很重要。)”是講肢體語(yǔ)言在公共演講中的重要性，最后一段“Inconclusion,bodylanguageisapowerfultoolthatcanconveyemotions,attitudes,andintentionswithouttheneedforverbalcommunication.(總之，肢體語(yǔ)言是一種強(qiáng)大的工具，可以在不需要言語(yǔ)交流的情況下傳達(dá)情感、態(tài)度和意圖。)”是總結(jié)肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性，因此第二段，第四段，第五段是并列關(guān)系，是肢體語(yǔ)言在三個(gè)場(chǎng)景下的重要性，第三段是作者由自己的經(jīng)歷而發(fā)表感慨，和第二四五段不是并列關(guān)系，因此結(jié)構(gòu)是D選項(xiàng)，故選D。CThesunflowerseastarhasbeenlistedasacriticallyendangeredspeciesfollowingagroundbreakingpopulationstudyledbyOregonStateUniversity(OSU)andTheNatureConservancy.“Thesegiantseastarsusedtobeeasytofindandwereahitwithdivers.Unfortunately,yourchancesoffindingonenowarenexttonothinginmostoftheareasneartheUnitedStates—thislistingisonesteptoextinction—andIdon’tthinkthey’recomingbackwithouthelp,”saidOSU’sSarahGravem,aresearchassociateintheCollegeofScienceandtheleadauthorofthestudy.Populationsofthesunflowerseastarsuffereddramaticcrashesbecauseofamarine(海洋的)wildlifeepidemicevent,whichbeganin2013.Scientistsusedmorethan61,000populationsurveysfrom31datasetstocalculatea90.6%declineinthesunflowerseastarsandestimatedthatasmanyas5.75billionanimalsdiedfromthedisease,whosecausehasnotbeendetermined.Moreover,theresearchshowednosignofpopulationrecovery inanyregioninthefivetosevenyearssincetheevent.Sunflowerseastarsareakeycatcherofpurpleseaurchins(海膽)andtheseastardeclinehashelpedtheincreaseintheurchinpopulationinmanyregions.Toomanyurchinsarelinkedtoadeclineinkelpforests（海藻林)alreadyfacingpressurefrommarineheatwaveevents,makingthefutureuncertainforecosystemsthatprovidehabitatforthousandsofmarineanimalsandhelpsupportcoastaleconomies.“Becausemostpeoplearenotoutintheoceaneveryday,wedon’trealizehowmuchit’sbeingchangedandimpactedbyhumans.Weneedtothinkabouthowtokeepouroceanhealthy.Whilereducingthereleaseofcarbondioxideisthemostpressingneed,rebuildingkeycatcherpopulations,likethesunflowerseastar,canbeanimportantpieceofthepuzzletoo,”saidstudyco-authorSaraHamilton,aPh.D.candidateintheOSUCollegeofScience.8.WhatcanweinferaboutsunflowerseastarsfromSarahGravem’swords?A.Theypresentadangertodivers.B.Theycannotrecoverontheirown.C.Theycannotadapttothenewenvironment.D.TheyattractmanytouriststotheUnitedStates.9.Whatledtothesharpdeclineinthenumberofsunflowerseastars?A.Humanbeings’overfishing.B.Thearrivalofanewspecies.C.Therisingoceantemperature.D.Theoccurrenceofamarinedisease.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweensuntlowerseastarsandtheseakelpforests?A.Theircommonenemiesareseaurchins.B.Sunflowerseastarsfeedontheseakeepforests.C.Sunflowerseastarshelppreservetheseakelpforests.D.Theseakelpforestsprovidehabitatsforsunflowerseastars.11.WhatmightSaraHamiltonagreewith?A.Morespeciesshouldbeintroducedtotheocean.B.Scientistsplaythemostimportantroleinprotectingtheocean.C.Theinfluenceofhumanactivitiesontheoceanhasdecreasedsince2013.D.Moreactionshouldbetakentoincreasethenumberofsunflowerseastars.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】 【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了水中生物——太陽(yáng)花海星數(shù)量下降的原因?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Unfortunately,yourchancesoffindingonenowarenexttonothinginmostoftheareasneartheUnitedStates—thislistingisonesteptoextinction—andIdon’tthinkthey’recomingbackwithouthelp,”saidOSU’sSarahGravem,aresearchassociateintheCollegeofScienceandtheleadauthorofthestudy.(不幸的是，在美國(guó)附近的大部分地區(qū)，你現(xiàn)在找到它們的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零——這是邁向滅絕的一步——我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有幫助它們是不會(huì)回來(lái)的，俄勒岡州立大學(xué)的薩拉·格雷姆說(shuō)，她是科學(xué)學(xué)院的研究助理，也是這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者。)”可知，太陽(yáng)花海星瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)，需要人們的幫助，因?yàn)樗鼈冏约簾o(wú)法恢復(fù)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Populationsofthesunflowerseastarsuffereddramaticcrashesbecauseofamarine(海洋的)wildlifeepidemicevent,whichbeganin2013.(由于2013年開(kāi)始的海洋野生動(dòng)物流行病事件，向日葵海星的數(shù)量急劇下降。)”可知，導(dǎo)致太陽(yáng)花海星數(shù)量急劇下降的原因是海洋性流行疾病的出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Sunflowerseastarsareakeycatcherofpurpleseaurchins(海膽)andtheseastardeclinehashelpedtheincreaseintheurchinpopulationinmanyregions.Toomanyurchinsarelinkedtoadeclineinkelpforests(海藻林)alreadyfacingpressurefrommarineheatwaveevents,makingthefutureuncertainforecosystemsthatprovidehabitatforthousandsofmarineanimalsandhelpsupportcoastaleconomies.(太陽(yáng)花海星是紫色海膽的主要捕手，海星的減少有助于許多地區(qū)海膽數(shù)量的增加。海膽過(guò)多與海帶森林的減少有關(guān)，海帶森林已經(jīng)面臨海洋熱浪事件的壓力，這使得為成千上萬(wàn)的海洋動(dòng)物提供棲息地并幫助支持沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的未來(lái)變得不確定。)”可知，太陽(yáng)花海星有助于海藻林的繁殖。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Weneedtothinkabouthowtokeepouroceanhealthy.Whilereducingthereleaseofcarbondioxideisthemostpressingneed,rebuildingkeycatcherpopulations,likethesunflowerseastar,canbeanimportantpieceofthepuzzletoo,”saidstudyco-authorSaraHamilton,aPh.D.candidateintheOSUCollegeofScience.(我們需要考慮如何保持我們的海洋健康。“雖然減少二氧化碳的釋放是最迫切的需要，但重建關(guān)鍵的捕鯨者種群，如太陽(yáng)花海星，也可能是這個(gè)難題的重要組成部分，”該研究的合著者、俄勒岡州立大學(xué)理學(xué)院的博士候選人薩拉·漢密爾頓說(shuō)。)”可知，人們應(yīng)該積極行動(dòng)起來(lái)，采取具體的措施去保護(hù)太陽(yáng)花海星一類(lèi)的生物。故選D。D ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesame“fightorflight”reactiontostress.However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”Thatis,theyoftenreacttostressfulconditionsbyprotectingandnurturingtheiryoung(“tend”),andbylookingforsocialcontactandsupportfromothers—especiallyotherfemales(“befriend”).Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefighttostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.TheUCLAresearchteamsuggeststhatthefemaletendorbefriendresponseisalsobasedonahormone,whosenameisoxytocin(催產(chǎn)素).Butnowitisbeingstudiedforitsroleintheresponseofbothmenandwomentostress.Accordingtotheprincipalinvestigator,Dr.ShelleyTaylor,“Animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.”Thestudyalsoshowedhowfathersandmothersrespondeddifferentlywhentheycamehometotheirfamilyafterastressfuldayatwork.Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.Foratypicalmother,copingwithabaddayatworkmeantfocusingherattentiononherchildrenandtheirneeds.Thedifferencesinrespondingtostressmayexplainthefactthatwomenhavelowerfrequencyofstressrelateddisorderssuchashighbloodpressureoraggressivebehavior.Thetendandbefriendregulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的)systemmayprotectwomenagainststress,andthismayexplainwhywomenonaveragelivelongerthanmen.12.TheUCLAstudyshowsthatinresponsetostress,menaremorelikelythanwomento.A.solveaconflictcalmlyB.seekcomfortfromchildrenC.turntofriendsforsomehelpD.findanescapefromthereality13.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutoxytocinaccordingtothepassage?A.Menhavethesamelevelofoxytocinaswomendo.B.Oxytocinusedtobestudiedinbothmenandwomen.C.Oxytocinhasmoreofaneffectonwomenthanonmen.D.Bothanimalsandpeoplehavethehighlevelsofoxytocin.14.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Malehormoneshelpbuildupthebody’sresistancetostress. B.Biologicaldifferencesleadtodifferentbehavioralreactstostress.C.Inafamilyamothercaresmoreaboutchildrenthanafatherdoes.D.UCLAstudywasdesignedtoconfirmpreviousresearchfindings.15.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowmenandwomenmanagetogetoverstressB.HowmenandwomensufferfromdifferentstressC.HowresearchersovercomemajorstressproblemsD.Howresearchersdealwithstressrelateddisorders【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是由于生理上的不同，男人和女人是如何克服壓力的?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilemenoftenreacttostressinthefightorflightresponse,womenoftenhaveanotherkindofreactionwhichcouldbecalled“tendandbefriend.”(面對(duì)壓力，男性通常會(huì)做出“戰(zhàn)或逃”的反應(yīng)，而女性通常會(huì)有另一種反應(yīng)，被稱(chēng)為“照顧并成為朋友”。)”及倒數(shù)第二段的“Thetypicalfatherwantedtobeleftalonetoenjoysomepeaceandquiet.(典型的父親希望自己一個(gè)人呆著，享受一些平和和寧?kù)o。)”可知，當(dāng)遇到壓力時(shí)，男人更有可能逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)，故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Animalsandpeoplewithhighlevelsofoxytocinarecalmer,morerelaxed,moresocial,andlessanxious.Whilemenalsosecrete(分泌)oxytocin,itseffectsarereducedbymalehormones.(催產(chǎn)素水平高的動(dòng)物和人更平靜，更放松，更社交，更少焦慮。雖然男性也會(huì)分泌催產(chǎn)素，但它的作用會(huì)被男性荷爾蒙所減弱。)”可知，oxytocin對(duì)于女性的影響要比男性大，故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“However,theUCLAresearchteamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.(然而，加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性和女性對(duì)壓力的生理和行為反應(yīng)截然不同。)”和第三段的“Scientistshavelongknownthatinthefighttostress,animportantroleisplayedbycertainhormones(激素)releasedbythebody.(科學(xué)家們?cè)缇椭?，在?duì)抗壓力的過(guò)程中，身體釋放的某些激素起著重要作用。)”可知，生物學(xué)上的差異導(dǎo)致了對(duì)壓力的不同行為反應(yīng)。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityof CaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)havediscoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymenaremorelikelytosufferfromstressrelateddisorders.(加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)心理學(xué)系的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，男性和女性應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的方式存在重大差異。這一差異或許可以解釋為什么男性更容易患上與壓力有關(guān)的疾病。)”可知，本文主要講的是由于生理上的不同，男女是如何克服壓力的，因此最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“Howmenandwomenmanagetogetoverstress.(男人和女人是如何克服壓力的。)”，故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Childrenloveplayingoutdoors.Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.“Don’tgetdirty!”wasonceaconstantfamilywarning,asparentswatchedtheirchildrenruintheirbestclothes.Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.____16____Accordingtotheexperts,parentsdon’thavetoconcerntoomuchaboutit.Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand.____17____.Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelofstimulation(刺激).____18____OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark.Beingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.____19____.Thustheygraduallyunderstandtheexternalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycandevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotecommunicationandsocialization.Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.____20____Theybelievethatnotonlydoesitmakechildrenemotionallyhappybutitalsohasapowerfuleffectontheirwellbeing.A.Outdoorplaydoesbettertochildren’sphysicalgrowth,comparedwithgettingmuddy.B.Formany,itissimplyanopportunitytogetclosetonature.C.Theymaysecretlywishtheirchildrenhadthechancetopickupabitofdirt.D.Theyrecommendusingnatureasanaccessiblewayofinteractingwithothers.E.Ithelpschildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovementinteract. F.Ithelpsrefreshthebrainandevenreducedepressionandanxiety.G.Itwasobviousthatchildren’swhiteswouldturnbrownbeforethedaywasover.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.E20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了戶(hù)外玩耍對(duì)孩子們有好處?！?6題詳解】由上文“Childrenloveplayingoutdoors.Theyusuallygetmuddy,withnoregardforthecolouroftheirclothing.(孩子們喜歡在戶(hù)外玩耍。不管衣服的顏色如何，它們通常都會(huì)泥濘不堪。)”和“Theywerehappyrunningthroughfarmer’sfieldsorclimbingtrees.(他們很高興在農(nóng)民的田地里跑步或爬樹(shù)。)”可知，該空呼應(yīng)上文講戶(hù)外玩耍會(huì)讓孩子們的衣服變臟，G選項(xiàng)“很明顯，孩子們的白色衣服在一天結(jié)束之前就會(huì)變成棕色?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】由上文“Recentresearchshowsthatthedirtoutsidecandevelopresistancetoarangeofillnesses.Certainnaturalmaterials,suchasmud,containsurprisinglypowerfulmicroorganisms(微生物群)whosepositiveimpactonchildren’shealthweareonlybeginningtofullyunderstand.(最近的研究表明，外面的污垢可以對(duì)一系列疾病產(chǎn)生抵抗力。某些天然材料，如泥漿，含有令人驚訝的強(qiáng)大微生物，它們對(duì)兒童健康的積極影響我們才剛剛開(kāi)始完全了解。)”可知，本段主要講戶(hù)外玩耍為孩子們的健康帶來(lái)好處，A選項(xiàng)“與泥濘相比，戶(hù)外玩耍對(duì)孩子的身體成長(zhǎng)更有好處。”切合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】由上文“Manyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayareestablishedaswell.Ourbrainsevolvedinbeautifullandscapes,andthewayweperceivetheworldisparticularlysuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.(戶(hù)外玩耍的許多心靈或精神益處也已確立。我們的大腦在美麗的風(fēng)景中進(jìn)化，我們感知世界的方式特別適合野外空間。)”和下文“OnestudyfoundthatchildrenwithADHD(注意力缺陷多動(dòng)癥)werebetterabletoconcentratefollowinga20-minutewalkinthepark.Beingclosetograssandtreesseemedtohaveabeneficialeffectontheirminds.(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，患有多動(dòng)癥的兒童在公園散步20分鐘后能夠更好地集中注意力。靠近草地和樹(shù)木似乎對(duì)他們的思想產(chǎn)生了有益的影響。)”可知，該空承接上下文講戶(hù)外玩耍給孩子們帶來(lái)的心靈或精神益處，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“它有助于刷新大腦，甚至減少抑郁和焦慮。”切合語(yǔ)境，是心靈或精神益處之一。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】承接上文“Outdoorplaycanalsooffervaluablelearningexperiences.(戶(hù)外游戲也可以提供寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。)”進(jìn)一步講戶(hù)外玩耍給孩子們帶來(lái)的學(xué)習(xí)益處，再結(jié)合下文“Thustheygraduallyunderstandthe externalenvironmentandtheinternalconnectionsofthingsindifferentways.Ifchildrenplaywithothers,theycandevelopeffectivestrategiestopromotecommunicationandsocialization.(因此，他們逐漸以不同的方式理解事物的外部環(huán)境和內(nèi)部聯(lián)系。如果孩子們和其他人一起玩，他們可以制定有效的策略來(lái)促進(jìn)溝通和社會(huì)化。)”可知，戶(hù)外玩耍有助于孩子們感知世界，發(fā)展促進(jìn)溝通和社會(huì)化的技能，E選項(xiàng)“它有助于兒童發(fā)展他們的感官和動(dòng)作的溝通方式?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】由上文“Today,withtheattractionofvideogamesandsocialmedia,contactwithnatureisrarerthaninthepast.Moreandmoreparentsbegintorecognizetheimportanceofoutdoorplay.(如今，隨著電子游戲和社交媒體的吸引，與大自然的接觸比過(guò)去更加罕見(jiàn)。越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)到戶(hù)外游戲的重要性。)”可知，比起孩子們接觸電子產(chǎn)品，家長(zhǎng)更希望孩子們接觸自然，該空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明家長(zhǎng)愿意讓孩子們進(jìn)行戶(hù)外玩耍，C選項(xiàng)“他們可能私下里希望自己的孩子有機(jī)會(huì)撿一點(diǎn)臟東西?！鼻泻险Z(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ihadsomeprettyseriousissueswithmycommunityforthelastyear,andourrelationshipcompletelyfellapart6monthsago.Asaresult,I____21____themonsocialmedia,anddidmybesttoforgetaboutthem.Theeventsthoughcontinuedto____22____me,andthe____23____thatIfeltfromthoseeventsaffectedotheraspectsofmylife.ItbegandestroyingrelationshipsinotherpartsofmylifeandIendedup____24____bridgeswithbigopportunitiesandpeopleIreally____25____.Yesterday,Iwasforcedtoseethiscommunitybecauseofamajorworkevent.Iwasfearingthiseventformonthsanditwaspretty____26____whenIfirstsawthepeoplewithwhomIwasin____27____.Despiteallofthis,thestrangestyetmostwonderfulthinghappenedtome.AfterIlefttheevent,IfeltsomethingthatIhadn’tfeltinalongtime-peaceand____28____.Someofthepeopleatthis____29____didn’tevenknowwhoIwasanditwasclearthatalotofpeoplehad____30____fromtheevents.____31____breakingupwiththatcommunity,Icouldstillseethemduringtheconferenceandapologizeinmyheadandforgivethem.Afterdoingthis,Ifeltpeaceinmyself,andIfindI’vebeenabletoseethingsfromabigger____32____.Whenyouforgiveothers,younotonlyfreethem,butyoufreeyourself____33____.Younotonlyfindpeacewiththem,butyoufindpeace____34____yourself.Now,Ionlywishthemthebestlifethattheycanhave,themostsuccessthattheycan____35____,andthemosthappinesstheycouldeverhave.21.A.sharedB.postedC.blockedD.contacted 22.A.frustrateB.disturbC.defeatD.interrupt23.A.interactionsB.emotionsC.fantasiesD.passions24.A.burningB.buildingC.crossingD.strengthening25.A.disagreedwithB.sidedwithC.worriedaboutD.caredabout26.A.overwhelmingB.annoyingC.frighteningD.embarrassing27.A.harmonyB.comparisonC.conflictD.contact28.A.securityB.confidenceC.forgivenessD.comfort29.A.conferenceB.stageC.momentD.lecture30.A.brokenawayB.heldonC.gotawayD.movedon31.A.WhileB.WhenC.SinceD.Unless32.A.tendencyB.perspectiveC.prospectD.expectation33A.inreturnB.atleastC.attimesD.aswell34.A.aboutB.ofC.withinD.for35.A.acknowledgeB.attainC.demonstrateD.measure【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.A25.D26.D27.C28.C29.A30.D31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者因?yàn)楹蜕鐓^(qū)的人發(fā)生沖突而煩惱，后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)他人已經(jīng)不再關(guān)注此事，于是明白了原諒的重要性，原諒不僅解放他人，而且解放自己?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我在社交媒體上屏蔽了他們，并盡力忘記他們。A.shared分享；B.posted發(fā)布；C.blocked遮擋；D.contacted聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上文“ourrelationshipcompletelyfellapart”可知，作者和社區(qū)里有的人關(guān)系破裂，所以在社交媒體上屏蔽他們。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這些事件繼續(xù)困擾著我，我從這些事件中感受到的情緒影響了我生活的其他方面。A.frustrate使沮喪；B.disturb使困擾；C.defeat打敗；D.interrupt打斷。根據(jù)下文“affectedotheraspectsofmylife”可知，這些事件繼續(xù)困擾著作者，后來(lái)還影響了作者生活的其他方面，空格處是“使困擾”。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，這些事件繼續(xù)困擾著我，我從這些事件中感受到的情緒影響了我生活的其他方面。A.interactions互動(dòng)；B.emotions情緒；C.fantasies幻想；D.passions熱情。根據(jù)下文“ Ifelt”可知，作者感受到的是情緒。故選B。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它開(kāi)始破壞我生活中其他方面的關(guān)系，我最終與重大機(jī)會(huì)和我真正關(guān)心的人斷絕了聯(lián)系。A.burning燃燒；B.building修建；C.crossing穿過(guò)；D.strengthening加強(qiáng)。根據(jù)上文“Itbegandestroyingrelationshipsinotherpartsofmylife”可知，這破壞了作者生活中的一些關(guān)系，所以作者最終是和一些人斷絕了關(guān)系，burnbridges意為“斷絕關(guān)系”。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：它開(kāi)始破壞我生活中其他方面的關(guān)系，我最終與重大機(jī)會(huì)和我真正關(guān)心的人斷絕了聯(lián)系。A.disagreedwith不同意；B.sidedwith支持；C.worriedabout擔(dān)心；D.caredabout關(guān)心。根據(jù)上文“Itbegandestroyingrelationshipsinotherpartsofmylife”可知，作者和他人的關(guān)系破裂，因此和自己真正關(guān)心的人都斷絕了聯(lián)系。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月來(lái)我一直在擔(dān)心這件事，當(dāng)我第一次看到與我有沖突的人時(shí)，我感到非常尷尬。A.overwhelming壓倒性的；B.annoying令人生氣的；C.frightening令人害怕的；D.embarrassing令人尷尬的。根據(jù)下文“whenIfirstsawthepeoplewithwhomIwasin____7___”可知，作者和社區(qū)里有的人鬧翻了，所以再見(jiàn)面是覺(jué)得尷尬。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)月來(lái)我一直在擔(dān)心這件事，當(dāng)我第一次看到與我有沖突的人時(shí)，我感到非常尷尬。A.harmony和諧；B.comparison對(duì)比；C.conflict沖突；D.contact聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上文“Ihadsomeprettyseriousissueswithmycommunityforthelastyear,andourrelationshipcompletelyfellapart”可知，作者和他人關(guān)系破裂很可能是發(fā)生了沖突，再次見(jiàn)到曾經(jīng)有過(guò)沖突的人，作者覺(jué)得尷尬。故選C。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：離開(kāi)會(huì)場(chǎng)后，我有了一種長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)未曾有過(guò)的感覺(jué)——平靜與寬恕。A.security安全；B.confidence自信；C.forgiveness原諒；D.comfort舒服。根據(jù)上文“thestrangestyetmostwonderfulthinghappenedtome.AfterIlefttheevent,IfeltsomethingthatIhadn’tfeltinalongtime-peace”和倒數(shù)第二段“forgivethem”可知，奇怪的是作者感覺(jué)到了很久沒(méi)有過(guò)的平靜和寬恕。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次會(huì)議上的一些人甚至不知道我是誰(shuí)，很明顯，很多人已經(jīng)從這些事件中走了出來(lái)。A.conference會(huì)議；B.stage階段；C.moment評(píng)論；D.lecture講座。根據(jù)下文“duringtheconference”可知，此處是指這次會(huì)議。故選A?！?0題詳解】 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這次會(huì)議上的一些人甚至不知道我是誰(shuí)，很明顯，很多人已經(jīng)從這些事件中走了出來(lái)。A.brokenaway脫離；B.heldon抓住；C.gotaway離開(kāi)；D.movedon繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“didn’tevenknowwhoIwas”可知，有些人甚至不知道作者是誰(shuí)，也就是忘了曾經(jīng)和作者起過(guò)沖突，所以是忘掉了之前的事情，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我和那個(gè)社區(qū)分開(kāi)，我仍然可以在會(huì)議上看到他們，在我的腦海里道歉并原諒他們。A.While雖然；B.When當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；C.Since自從；D.Unless除非。根據(jù)下文“Icouldstillseethemduringtheconferenceandapologizeinmyheadandforgivethem”可知，此處表示“雖然我和那個(gè)社區(qū)分開(kāi)，我仍然可以在會(huì)議上看到他們”。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣做之后，我感到內(nèi)心平靜，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我已經(jīng)能夠從更大的角度看問(wèn)題了。A.tendency傾向；B.perspective角度；C.prospect前景；D.expectation期待。根據(jù)下文“Whenyouforgiveothers,younotonlyfreethem,butyoufreeyourself____13___”可知，作者看事情的格局大了，以更大的角度看待問(wèn)題。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：當(dāng)你原諒別人時(shí)候，你不僅解放了他們，也解放了你自己。A.inreturn作為回報(bào)；B.atleast至少；C.attimes有時(shí)；D.aswell也。根據(jù)上文“Whenyouforgiveothers,younotonlyfreethem,butyoufreeyourself”可知，當(dāng)你原諒別人的時(shí)候，你不僅解放了他們，也解放了你自己，空格處意為“也”。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：你不僅能和他們?cè)谝黄?，還能找到內(nèi)心的平靜。A.about關(guān)于；B.of屬于；C.within在……之內(nèi)；D.for為了。根據(jù)上文“feltpeaceinmyself”可知，此處是指在自己的內(nèi)心找到平靜。故選C。【35題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我只希望他們能擁有最好的生活，能獲得最大的成功，能擁有最大的幸福。A.acknowledge承認(rèn)；B.attain獲得；C.demonstrate演示；D.measure測(cè)量。根據(jù)上文“themostsuccessthattheycan”可知，此處表示“我只希望他們能擁有最好的生活，能獲得最大的成功”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。NorwegianplaywrightandauthorJonFosse___36___(award)the2023NobelPrizeinLiteratureinthepreviousmonthforhis“innovativeplaysandprosewhichgivevoicetotheunsayable”. TheSwedishAcademycreditsFosse___37___“oneofthemostwidelyperformedplaywrightsintheworld”,althoughthe64-year-oldoriginallymadehisnameasanovelist,___38___(begin)withTheRedandtheBlackin1983.Hehassincewrittenmanyworksofproseandpoetry.Growingupinasmallcoastalvillage,Fossewasimmersedinthebeautyofnatureandthevastnessofthesea.Hedraws___39___(inspire)fromhisrurallivingenvironmentandpersonalstruggles,whichhavedeeplyinfluencedhisdistinctivewritingstyle.Fosse’swritingdiscussedthemesofloneliness,longing,andthesearchformeaninginlife.___40___(addition),hisbattleswithdepressionhaveenabled___41___(he)toexplorethedepthsofhumanemotionsandexistentialdespair.“Hetouchesyousodeeplywhenyoureadhisworks,”saidAndersOlsson,ChairmanoftheNoblePrizeCommittee.“___42___isspecialabouthimistheclosenessinhiswriting.Ittouchesyour___43___(deep)feelings—anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath,___44___arethingsthateveryhumanbeingactuallyfacesfromtheverybeginning.InthatsenseIthinkhereachesveryfarandthereis____45____universalimpactofeverythingthathewrites—ithasappealtothisbasichumanity.”【答案】36.wasawarded37.as38.beginning39.inspiration40.Additionally41.him42.What43.deepest44.which45.a【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了上個(gè)月，挪威劇作家兼作家喬恩·福斯被授予2023年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他“創(chuàng)新的戲劇和散文，為不可言說(shuō)的事情發(fā)聲”。介紹了他的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)他的評(píng)價(jià)?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：上個(gè)月，挪威劇作家兼作家喬恩·福斯被授予2023年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他“創(chuàng)新的戲劇和散文，為不可言說(shuō)的事情發(fā)聲”。主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)后文in?the?previous?month為一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)為Norwegian?playwright?and?author?Jon?Fosse，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故填was?awarded?！?7題詳解】考查介詞。句意：瑞典文學(xué)院稱(chēng)贊福西是“世界上演出最廣泛的劇作家之一”，盡管64 歲的福西最初是以小說(shuō)家的身份出名的，1983年他的作品是《紅與黑》。表示“稱(chēng)贊”短語(yǔ)為creditsb.as…故填as?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：瑞典文學(xué)院稱(chēng)贊福西是“世界上演出最廣泛的劇作家之一”，盡管64歲的福西最初是以小說(shuō)家的身份出名的，1983年他的作品是《紅與黑》。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知begin與邏輯主語(yǔ)the64-year-old構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填beginning?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他從自己的鄉(xiāng)村生活環(huán)境和個(gè)人奮斗中汲取靈感，這深深影響了他獨(dú)特的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格。作賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞inspiration，不可數(shù)。故填inspiration。【40題詳解】考查副詞。句意：此外，他與抑郁癥的斗爭(zhēng)使他能夠探索人類(lèi)情感的深處和存在的絕望。修飾后文句子，應(yīng)用副詞additionally，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)dditionally?！?1題詳解】考查代詞。句意：此外，他與抑郁癥的斗爭(zhēng)使他能夠探索人類(lèi)情感的深處和存在的絕望。作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用賓格him。故填him?！?2題詳解】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：他的特別之處在于他的作品的親密性。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用what，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填What。【43題詳解】考查最高級(jí)。句意：它觸動(dòng)了你最深的感受——焦慮、不安全感、生與死的問(wèn)題，這些是每個(gè)人從一開(kāi)始就面臨的事情。表示“最深的”應(yīng)用最高級(jí)deepest。故填deepest?！?4題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它觸動(dòng)了你最深的感受——焦慮、不安全感、生與死的問(wèn)題，這些是每個(gè)人從一開(kāi)始就面臨的事情。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞anxieties,insecurities,questionsoflifeanddeath，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，故填which?！?5題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，我認(rèn)為他走得很遠(yuǎn)，他所寫(xiě)的一切都有一個(gè)普遍的影響——它吸引了這種基本的人性。impact此處為泛指，且universal是發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞。故填a。第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分15分)46.假定你是李華，近期ChatGPT等AI工具的迅速發(fā)展引起了人們的關(guān)注，某英語(yǔ)報(bào)就AI工具的利弊向廣大學(xué)生征稿。請(qǐng)你向該報(bào)社投稿，內(nèi)容包括： 1.AI工具利弊；2.你的觀點(diǎn)。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearEditor,___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearEditor,ThereleaseofChatGPT,anartificialintelligencechatrobot,representsacloserconnectionbetweenAIintelligenttoolsandourlives.So,whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesthatAIintelligencecanbring?AIintelligenttoolshavebroughtalotofconveniencetohumanlife.Firstly,AIintelligenttoolsmakepeople’slivessimpleandintelligent.Intermsoftravel,onceyouopenthenavigation,youwillgetthemostreasonablerouteplanningandavoidcongestion.Secondly,AIintelligenttoolsmakelearningmorepersonalized.AItechnologycanprovidepersonalizedlearningcontentandteachingmethodsbasedonstudents’learningcharacteristicsandneeds.However,AIintelligenttoolsalsobringpotentialthreats.WiththewidespreadapplicationofAIinvariousfields,privacyandpersonaldataareinevitablystolenforillegaluse.Personally,Isupporttheuseofartificialintelligencetools.However,whenusingintelligenttools,weneedtoprotectourprivacy.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于議論文。要求考生以“AI工具”為話(huà)題投稿，講述AI工具的利弊以及個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。 【詳解】1.詞匯積累代表/象征：represent→standfor/symbolize從某方面來(lái)說(shuō)：intermsof→inthefieldof交通擁擠：congestion→trafficjam根據(jù)：(be)basedon→accordingto危機(jī)/風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：threat→risk2.句式拓展簡(jiǎn)單句變復(fù)合句原句：ThereleaseofChatGPT,anartificialintelligencechatrobot,representsacloserconnectionbetweenAIintelligenttoolsandourlives.拓展句：ThereleaseofChatGPT,whichisanartificialintelligencechatrobot,representsacloserconnectionbetweenAIintelligenttoolsandourlives.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Intermsoftravel,onceyouropenthenavigation,youwillgetthemostreasonablerouteplanningandavoidcongestion.（運(yùn)用了once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句）【高分句型2】However,whenusingintelligenttools,weneedtoprotectourprivacy.（“whenusingintelligenttools”為when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略句結(jié)構(gòu)）第二節(jié)(滿(mǎn)分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Becomingthecaptainofthecheerleadersisasignificantaccomplishmentwhenyou’reinGradeEight,abouttoconcludeyourschooljourneywithasenseofglory.Atleast,that’swhatIhadexpected.Theprocessofcountingthevotesonlytookaboutfiveminutes,butforme,itfeltlikeanhourandahalf.AsCoachWilliamspreparedtoannounce,Iinchedtotheedgeofmyseatreadytospringtomyfeetassoonasshesaidmyname.“Girls,”shebegan,“LauraShawhasbeenelectedCaptainoftheMaplewoodHighSchoolcheerleadingteam.”Agreatcheerwasheardthroughoutthegym,butallIcoulddowastocontainmyhysteria(歇斯底里).Howcouldthisbe?Waseveryoneblind?Didn’ttheyrealizeIhadmyheartsetonthis?AseveryonecheeredforLaura,Ididn’tmoveasteptowardher.Itfeltlikeshehadstolenmymomentandmydream.Afterafewminutes,IwalkedovertoLaurawithshakylegsandsoftlysaid,“Goodluck,Laura.”inawhisperthatbarelymaskedmyurgetocry.Laurahuggedmecloseandsaid,“Iwasn’texpectingthis,Annie.Whatashock.”Ididn’tlashoutat(痛斥)herbutinmyheartIwantedtodojustthat.WhowasshetoclaimthetitleIhadworkedthreeyearstoearn?Allthewayhome,Isobbed.TherewasnowayIwasgoingtostayonateamsoblindtheycouldn’tseewho shouldbethecaptain.Thenextmorning,however,Iwenttomyclosetandtookoutmyuniform.Onceholdingitclosetomeinmyhands,IknewIcouldn’tquit.AsheartbrokenasIwas,mytruelovewascheeringwithmyteammates.HowveryharditwastogotothatfirstpracticeafterLaurahadbeennamedcaptain.WhenIarrived,CoachWilliamsaskedmetotakethreeofthenewgirlsandworkwiththemonourbasicdrills.Laurawasassignedthreenewgirlsaswell.JustthenLaurasuggestedalleightgirlsworkingtogether,andthoughIhesitated,Ieventuallyagreed._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Attheawardceremony,Laurawonhercaptain’saward,andthencamethefinal“CheerleadingSpiritAward”._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】范文JustthenLaurasuggestedalleightgirlsworkingtogether,andthoughIhesitated,Ieventuallyagreed.We?Wasshekidding?Ijustwantedtohateherandshekeptmakingitharderandharderformetodothat.Itwasn’tjustthatsheshowedinterestinme—herinterestwaswarmandgenuine.LauraalwaysmadesuretoincludemewhendiscussingchangesinourroutineandeventuallyIovercamemyselfandwegrewtobeveryclosefriends.Attheawardceremony,Laurawonhercaptain’saward,andthencamethefinal“CheerleadingSpiritAward”.Laterintheeveningwearrivedandlistenedasthevarioustrophieswereawardedtothemostvaluableplayerofeachsportsteam.JustasLaurawalkedoffthestage,CoachWilliamssteppeduptothemicrophoneagainandannouncedthattherewasonefinaltrophytobeawarded.Thecheerleading“SpiritAward”wouldnowbepresentedtothegirlwhoshowedthemostdedicatedeffort.WhenIheardmynameannouncedIimaginedIwasasshockedLaurawascomingtowardme.Wehuggedeachother,andLaurawhispered,“Nobodydeservesthismorethanyou.” 【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文以人物為線索展開(kāi)，講述了文章主要講了作者期待著當(dāng)拉拉隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)，但是Laura被任命為隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。在日后的相處中，作者和Laura成為了好朋友。最后啦啦隊(duì)“精神獎(jiǎng)”頒發(fā)給了作者?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫(xiě)：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“就在這時(shí)，勞拉建議八個(gè)女孩一起工作，雖然我猶豫了一下，但最終還是同意了”可知，第一段可描寫(xiě)作者聽(tīng)到特里詢(xún)問(wèn)之后的內(nèi)心活動(dòng)以及她們關(guān)系的變化。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“在頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上，勞拉獲得了隊(duì)長(zhǎng)獎(jiǎng)，然后是最后的‘啦啦隊(duì)精神獎(jiǎng)’”可知，第二段可描寫(xiě)頒獎(jiǎng)典禮的情況以及作者得獎(jiǎng)。2.續(xù)寫(xiě)線索：勞拉示好——成為朋友——典禮舉行——作者獲獎(jiǎng)——作者感悟3.詞匯激活確保：makesure/ensure開(kāi)玩笑：kid/joke走下：walkoff/stepoff情緒類(lèi)震驚的：shocked/astounded真誠(chéng)：genuine/sincere【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]LauraalwaysmadesuretoincludemewhendiscussingchangesinourroutineandeventuallyIovercamemyselfandwegrewtobeveryclosefriends.(運(yùn)用了狀語(yǔ)從句的省略)[高分句型2]JustasLaurawalkedoffthestage,CoachWilliams?steppeduptothemicrophoneagainandannouncedthattherewasonefinaltrophytobeawarded.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)