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昌平區(qū)2022—2023學(xué)年高二年級第一學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量抽測英語試卷本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AsIstoodinlinewaitingtocashoutatastoreIstudiedthecustomerinfrontofme.Shewasyoungbuthada____1____look—asiflifehadbeatenhermanytimes.Theitemsinhercart(手推車)includedthecheapestmeatandmeal.Whenthecashierfinallytoldherthe____2____,thewoman’sfacepaled.Sheopenedawornwalletandbegan____3____smallbillsandcoins.Itwasobviousshedidn’thaveenough,andshecheckedhergroceriestoseewhatshecoulddowithout.Onebyone,she____4____things,butshestillcameupshort.Someonebehindmewasupsetandcomplained.“Nevermind,”Isaidtotheyoungladywhosefaceturnedred,“takeyourtime.”Iwaitedquietlyuntilmyturncame.Imovedforwardandmotioned____5____totheitemsthewomanhadtakenout,addedallmymeatandfreshmilk,andwhispered“____6____bags,samebillplease”tothecashier.Shenodded.I____7____howIcouldputthebagswithextrathingsintohercartwithoutbeingcaught.Mydearcashiersolvedtheproblemby“accidentally”rollingseveralorangessohardthattheyflewpasttheladyandontothefloor.“I’llgetthose,”thewomanofferedkindlyandranto____8____therunawayfruit.Iquicklyplacedthetwoextrabagsintohercartwhileshewasbackwiththeoranges.“Thankyousomuch,”Isaid.“Thankyouforyour____9____,”sherepliedbeforeleaving.Thatnight,IthoughtabouttheyoungladywhoIhopedwasenjoyingaheartydinnerwithherfamily,andIsentasilentwishthatherlifewouldtakea_____10_____soon.1.A.tiredB.delightedC.confusedD.satisfied2.A.wayB.orderC.costD.option3.A.exchangingB.countingC.borrowingD.searching4A.replacedB.soldC.removedD.provided 5.A.unreasonablyB.uncomfortablyC.unwillinglyD.unnoticeably6.A.UsefulB.SeparateC.RegularD.Large7.A.rememberedB.explainedC.expectedD.wondered8.A.dealwithB.cleanoffC.pickupD.lookfor9.A.patienceB.generosityC.courageD.honesty10.A.shortcutB.tumC.chanceD.risk第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIstartedteachingsciencelastyear,Iwasn’tvery____11____(success).Icouldtellfrommystudents’behaviourthattheyfoundmylessonquiteboring.IfeltquitealotofstressbutthenIrealizedthatIneededtomakeachange.Idecidedtousealotmorepractical____12____(example)andexperimenttohelpthestudentsseewhatI____13____(talk)aboutinsteadofjustlistening.Ialsochangedmyteachingapproachtoinvolvingmoregroupwork.Fortunately,itworkedandnowmystudentstellmetheylovemyclasses.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Arecentstudyfoundthatextremeenvironmentalchangecouldcausean“extinctiondominoeffect.”____14____itmayseemunimportantifweloseoneratspecies,itmattersbecauseallspecies____15____(connect)throughtheirinteractionsinaweboflife.Abalancedecosystemisoneinwhicheachspeciesplaysanimportantroleandreliesontheservicesprovidedbyotherspecies____16____(survive).Healthyecosystemsaremoreproductiveandresistanttodisruptions.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號所給詞的正確形式填空。Inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,____17____provedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoone____18____(come)totheirdefence.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallenge____19____theyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforward____20____thegreatphilosopherAristotle. 第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASurroundingScienceAnewScienceMuseumappexplorescommonobjectsintheworldaroundyou.Ifyou’veplayedthemobilegamePokémonGo,you’llknowthatitsmonsterscanbefoundwhereveryouwalk.NowthetechnologybehindthatgameisbeingusedforanewappfromtheScienceMuseum.It’scalledWonderlabARandisfreetodownloadfromtheappstoresonAppleandAndroidmobilephones.Theaimistoencouragepeopletogetoutsideandlearnaboutthescienceinoureverydayenvironment—fromtrafficlightsandelectriccarchargingpointstocashpoints,telephonesandeventoilets.Insteadofcatchingmonsters,inthisgameyou’relookingfor“discoveries”(astheappcallsthem)fromdifferentfieldsofscience:includingelectricity,forces,light,mathsandsound.Theappusesaugmented-reality(AR)technologyfromacompanycalledNiantic,whichisbestknownasthedeveloperofPokémonGo.That’swhyWonderlabARlooksquitealotlikethatgame,showingyouamapofthe“discoveries”inyourcurrentlocationintherealworld.You’llseethemonthemapbuttocollectthem,youhavetowalktotheirreal-worldlocation.AlthoughtheScienceMuseumisinLondon,theappworksanywhereinthecountryandtherearelotsofthingstodiscovernearyou.Alongsidetheapp,thereisalsoanewwebsitefromtheScienceMuseumcalledWonderlab+(tinyurl.com/TWJ-Wonderlab).Thissiteisforyoungpeopleagedsevento15yearsoldandisamixtureoffunmathsandsciencehands-onactivities,includingYouTubevideos,onlinequizzes,questionsandgames.BoththeappandwebsitearebasedontheWonderlabgalleriesthatpeoplecanvisitattheScienceMuseuminLondonandtheNationalScienceandMediaMuseuminBradford,England.TheappandwebsiteallowpeoplewholiveinotherpartsoftheUKtolearnmoreaboutthescienceofeverydayobjectsandexperiencetheexhibitions.21.WiththenewappWonderlabAR,youcan________.A.learnaboutsciencearoundyouB.visitthesciencemuseumonlineC.catchmonsterslikeinPokémonGoDlocateanysciencemuseumsnearby 22.FromthepassageweknowthatWonderlab+________.A.isdesignedforbothchildrenandadultsB.answerspeople’squestionsaboutscienceC.sharesvariousresourcesaboutscienceD.providesachancetoexperimentinthelabs23.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto________.A.invitepeopletogotothesciencemuseumB.attractchildren’sattentiontosciencelearningC.introduceanewsciencemuseumappandawebsiteD.comparethedifferencesbetweentheappandthewebsiteBAlejandroBuxton’scandlebusinessstartedwithaheadache.The12-year-old’smomsuffersfromallergies,andsomethingintheirhousewascausingherheadtohurt.Aftergoingtothehospital,theydiscoveredthecauseoftheheadache:thecandles.Hismomhadnochoicebuttogetridofthescented(有香味的)items.However,heknewhismotherreallylovedcandles.Toliftherspirits,hesetupalabinthefamily’skitcheninthefallof2019andmadeacandleusingonlynaturalingredients,suchassoyandcoconutwaxes(蠟)andessentialoils.Chemicalsinheroldcandleswerecausingtheheadaches.HenamedhisfirstproductJurassicOrange,whichissimilartothefruitincolorandsmell.JurassicOrangewasahitwithhismom,whoseheadachesdisappeared.ButAlejandrowasn’tdoneexperimenting.Withinafewmonths,hehadaboutsixscents,includingChunkySweatersandCozySocks,whichsmellslikeafruitdrinkmixedwithapineforest.InSeptember2020,heputhisfirstcollectionofcandlesonEtsy,theonlinemarketplacethatspecializesinhandmadegoods.Healsosoldcandlesatseasonalmarkets,suchastheoneindowntownD.C.wherethevicepresidentwasshoppingforholidaygiftslastyear.Herecommendedtwocandlestothevicepresident.Shetooksomeofhisadvice.JesseBenites,generalmanagerofabigshoppingmall,saidthevicepresident’svisit“skyrocketed”Alejandro’sfame.AseniormanagercontactedAlejandroandinvitedhimtorentoneofthe12retailcartsatthemall.OnSeptember1,2022,SmellofLoveCandlesopenedonthesecondleveloftheshoppingcenter.Alejandroisthemall’syoungestbusinessowner.Insidethemall,Alejandroturnedalargeroomintohisproductionfacility,whereheandhisstaffmake600to700candlesaweek.Therewerealtogether25scentsontheshelf.Hecontinuedtomakenewscentsandwantedtoseeallhiscandlesineverysinglehouseholdandloveandjoycomeintothehouses.Alejandro’scandlebusinessmakesagoodprofit,butforhim,themoneyheearnedisnotjustforhisown collegefundbutforlocalcharities.24.Alejandrostartedhisbusinessbecausehewantedto________.A.solvehismother’sproblemB.earnsomemoneyforthefamilyC.makemorepeoplelovecandlesD.changethewaycandlesaremade25.WhatdoweknowaboutSmellofLoveCandles?A.Itwasvisitedbythevicepresident.B.ItmainlysellscandlesontheInternet.C.Itteachespeoplehowtomakecandles.D.Itwilloffernewscentsofthecandles.26.ThemoneyAlejandromadewillbeusedto____.A.openmorechainstoresB.helpmorepeopleinneedC.inventnewscentsofthecandlesD.promotehiscandlestomorefamilies27.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeAlejandro?A.Organizedandloving.B.Smartandoutgoing.C.Caringandcreative.D.Generousandhonest.CScientistsaregettingabetterlookattheuniversethankstothenewJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)—thelargest,mostpowerfulspacetelescopeeverbuilt.ItwassentintospaceonarocketonDec.25,2021andisnowlocatedabout1.6millionkilometresawayfromEarth.Itmovesaroundthesun,keepinginlinewithEarth.ScientistsreleasedthefirstimagestakenbythetelescopeinJuly2022.Oneoftheseimagesshowsthemostdistantviewoftheuniverseeverseen.OtherimagesfromtheJWSTincludeJupiterandMars,aswellastwoexoplanets(planetsnotinourownsolarsystem).Thetelescopehasalsocaptured(捕獲)imagesoftheSouthernRingNebula,acloudofgassurroundingadyingstar,aswellastheCarinaNebula,wherenewlyformingstarscanbeseen.TheJWSTobservesonlyinfraredlight.Thefurtherawaysomethingisintheuniverse,thelongerittakesforitslighttoreachusonEarth.Aslighttravelsthroughspace,itstretchesoutintolongerandlongerwavelengths.Asitgetslonger,itbecomesinvisibletohumans,andiscalledinfraredlight. BecausetheJWSTseesinfraredlight,itisabletoseefurtheraway—andfurtherbackintime—thanothertelescopes.Italsorecordsmoredetailsoftheobjectsitobserves.Scientistshopethiswillhelpthemlearnmoreabouttheoriginsoftheuniverse,andbetterunderstandthingslikeblackholes,orhowplanetsandgalaxiesareformed.TheimagesthetelescopesendsbacktoEarthdonotlooklikethephotographsweseefromscientists.BecausetheJWSTrecordsonlyinfraredlight,theimagesitsendsbackappearblacktoahumaneye.However,theyactuallycontainmanydifferentshadesofgreythatrepresentdifferentwavelengthsofinfraredlight.Scientistsworkingwiththeimagesusefilters(過濾器)toseparatethedifferentwavelengths.Thentheygiveeachwavelengthadifferentcoloursoitcanbeseenbyahumaneye.Whenallofthesefilteredlayers(層)ofcolourarecombined,theycreatethecolourfulpicturesthatscientistssendout.Addingcolourtotheimagesnotonlymakesthemmoreinterestingforpeopletolookat.Italsohelpsscientistsseemoredetailsintheimages,whichwillhelpthembetterunderstandwhattheyarelookingat.28.AccordingtoParagraph3,theinfraredlight________.A.isthelightfromnearbystarsB.cannotbeseenbyhumaneyesC.reachestheearthearlierthanotherlightsD.travelsinspacewithshorterwavelength29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThepicturessentbackbyJWSTarebeautiful.B.JWSTgoesaroundinthesamewayasthesundoes.C.TheformationoftheblackholeswasrecordedbyJWST.D.JWSThasshownthefarthestviewoftheuniversebynow.30.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowscientistsuseJWSTtotakephotos.B.WhyJWSTisbetterthanothertelescopes.C.WhatscientistsdiscoversinspacewithJWST.D.HowJWSThelpsscientistsexplorethespace.DSlowschoolsandsloweducationcanrefertodifferentaspectsofeducation.Somepeopleusethetermslowschoolstorefertoschoolsthatareattemptingtobringslowfoodtothecafeteriaordiningroom.Forothersithasfarmoreimplicationsandincludesaspectsofconnectiontoknowledge,tradition,moralpurposeandallthatis importantinlife.Inthissenseitreferstothecurriculum(課程),thewayitisdelivered,theprocessoflearning,managementoftheschool,andevenifschoolisthebestvehiclethroughwhichtoeducateourchildren.Sointhissense,itreferstobringingtheslowmovementintoeducation.InmanyWesterncountriesthathaveAnglo-Saxonorigins,governmentsandschoolshavestrictcontrolstructuresinplaceandschoolsaredrivenbystandardisedcurriculawithtestsandtargetstoensureuniformoutcomes.Theemphasisisontheoutcomenotontheprocess.Theprocessisaboutthingslikehowideasareconceptualised,howcanwesupportlearningandtheknowingofhowtolearn,aswellastheloveoflearningandinvestigating.Sloweducationisalsoaboutconnectiontoknowledgeandtolearning—reallearning.Itisaboutdoingnoharmandhavingrespectforalllivingandnon-livingthings.Sloweducationisaconceptof‘ecologicalliteracy’.MichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlowhaveputtogetheracollectionofauthorsinEcologicalLiteracy:EducatingourChildrenforaSustainableWorldtogiveuswaystoadapttothewayweliveonEarthandthewaywecaneducateourchildrentotheirhighestcapacities.Thisbookisrecommendedtoparentsandeducatorswhoareengagedincreativeeffortstodevelopnewcurriculaandimprovechildren’secologicalunderstanding.Sloweducationisaboutsupportingourchildrentodevelopvaluesandethics(道德規(guī)范)thatwillenablethemtoliveajoyouslifeintheslowlane.ThesimilaritiesofdebateaboutFastFoodvsSlowFoodandthedebateaboutFastSchoolsvsSlowSchoolsareself-evidentuponreflection.Fastschoolslikefastfoodarenotconcernedwiththeprocess,preparationandconnection.Theyareconcernedwiththestandardisedendproductwhichinthecaseofschoolsistheresultsfromstandardisedtestsandtargets,andinthecaseoffoodisthestandardisedhamburgerorfriedchickenetc.，thatlooklikeallotherstheoutletproducequickly.Theprocessofeducationisnotaboutsupplyingstudentswithlumpsofinformationtoberepeatedondemand.Itisaboutenablingstudentstolearnhowtolearn.Itisalsoaboutgivingthemopportunitiestohearwhatothershavelearnt(knowledge)andtothendiscuss,argue,andreflectonthisknowledgetogainagreaterunderstandingofitstruthforthemandofhowthisknowledgewillbeofusetothem.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“uniformoutcome”inParagraph2mean?A.Thesameresults.B.Theuniquecourses.C.Thepositiveeffects.D.Thespecialclothes.32.WhydoesthewritermentionMichaelStoneandZenobiaBarlow’sbook?A.Topresentthepurposeofsloweducation.B.Toencouragepeopletodevelopnewcourses.C.Toprovesloweducationispopularamongparents. D.Tooffermaterialstolearnaboutecologicalliteracy.33.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?AEducationisamirrorreflectingtheworld.B.Peopleshouldrethinkwhattoteachinschools.C.Weshouldreflectonourselvesonadailybasis.D.Betterreadingskillsshouldbeattainedinschool.34.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SlowSchools-connectingchildrentolife.B.SlowFood--turningschoolsintoanewstyle.C.SlowEducation--helpingstudentsgetbettergrades.D.SlowMovement--beingdifferentfromthefastworld.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ecoducts:TheSafeWaytoCrosstheRoadHowdoesananimalcrossaroadsafely?Theshortansweris:itoftendoesn’t!Everyyeararoundtheword,thousandsofanimalsarekilledorinjuredbycars,trucks,andtrainsonourbusyroadsandrailwaysystems.Francewasthefirstcountrytobuildwildlifecrossingstohelpanimalsgetacrossroadssafely.TheFrenchdesignedthesestructurestoprotectanimalsfromthebusytraffic.Sincethen,manyothercountrieshavealsobuiltwildlifecrossings.____35____Ecoducts,alsocalled“greenbridges”,arestructuresthatengineersbuildoverbigroadsandhighways.____36____Cars,vans,andtrucksgoundertheecoducts,throughatunnel,andtheanimalswalkovertheecoduct,abovetheroadorhighway.AtBanffNationalPark,inAlberta,Canada,parkemployeeshavelaboredhardtomakemorethan40ecoducts.SomeoftheecoductsinBanffarebridgesthatcrossoverthehighway.____37____Othersarecalledunderpasses.Thesearetunnelsthatgounderaroad.Mostecoductshavesoilandplantsonthemwhichprovideagoodenvironmentforwildlifeandencourageanimalstousethestructures.Someecoducts,includingmanyinCanadaandinFlorida,aremadeextremelybigsothatblackbears,deer,andtheFloridapantherwillusethem.____38____Perhapsyou’redistrustfulaboutthisidea.Youshouldn’tbe,becauseanimalsdousethem!Atfirstanimalscanbealittleunsettledofthecrossings.Expertssaythatsomebearscantakeaslongasfiveyearstostartusingthem.Whenanimalsrealizethattheecoductsaresafe,theyusethemalot!Sofar,sinceBanffNationalPark begantomakenotesabouttheecoductsin1997,elevendifferentspeciesofmammalshaveusedtheoverpassesandunderpassesmorethan200,000times!Ecoductsareagreatwaytoprotectwildlifefromtraffic.____39____Butfornowevensnakescangetitselfacrossaroadsafelythankstoecoducts!A.Wereendangeredanimalssavedfromdyingout?B.Butdoanimalsreallyusetheseman-madebridges?C.Thesearecalledoverpassesbecausetheygooveraroad.D.Theyallowmanydifferenttypesofanimalstocrosssafelytotheotherside.E.IntheNetherlandsthereareover600specialbridgesandtunnels,calledecoducts.F.Countrieswillbebuildingmanymoreofthesestructuresaroundtheworldinthefuture.G.Franceusedtobeknownforitsdangerouscarcrasheswithanimalsuntiltheroadswereupgraded.第三部分書面表達(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。Areyouabookworm?Isyourheadpermanentlystuckinabook?Ifso,that’sagoodthing.Therearemanybenefitstoreading.Gettingintoagoodnovelimprovesourliteracy.Butwhoorwhatencouragesustopickupabookandstartreading?Ofcourse,whenweareyoung,ourparentsandteachersinspireusbyintroducingustocharactersthatweloveorlovetohate.Andtherearetheauthors—thepeoplewhoinventandwriteaboutthesecharacters.Goodwritingcanreallycaptureourimagination.Asachild,IlovedbookswrittenbyRoaldDahl,suchasCharlieandtheChocolateFactoryandTheTwits.Thesefictionalstorieswerefunny,mysterious,andslightlyadventurous.Thesebooksarepopularwithchildreneventoday,despitecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors.Onemodern-daychildren’sauthorisJ.K.Rowling，who’sknownforherbooksaboutthewizard,HarryPotter.Lastyearshewasnamedasa“l(fā)iteracyhero”forherpartinimprovingpeople’sloveofreading.TheUK’sNationalLiteracyTrustawardedherthetitlefor“turningagenerationofchildrenintoreaders”.TheTrustalsohonouredschoolchildren,alibrarianandteachersfortheireffortintryingtogetpeopletoread.Theactor,HenryWinkler,whohasdyslexia,wasalsonamedforthebookshehaswrittenaboutaboywithlearningdifficulties.Readingbooksismorethananenjoyablepastime;itcanalsohelppeopleindifficultcircumstances.TheauthorPatWinslowworkedasawriterinprisonsandfoundreadinganddiscus-singstorieshelpedprisonersreflectontheirpatternsofbehaviour.Shesays,“Veryoftenwewouldhavediscussionsaboutthemoralcompassofacharacter, whatwasthemotivationofsomebody,whydidtheybehavethatway?”TodayItendtoreadfactualbookssuchasbiographies,whereyougetaninsightintothelivesofimportantandwell-knownpeople.Ialsoenjoylookingattravelbooksandlearningaboutjourneysandnewdestinations.It’sagoodsubstituteifyoucan’tvisitinperson.Butthemainbenefitofreadingistoimproveourliteracy.Themorewedoit,thebetterwegetandwhoknows—onedayyoumaybecomethenextTolstoy,JackieCollinsorevenWilliamShakespeare.40.Howareweencouragedtoreadwhenweareyoung?________________41.WhywasJK.RowlingawardedbytheUK’sNationalLiteracyTrust?________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Inthefaceofthecompetitionfromcontemporaryauthors,thestoriestheauthorreadwhenhewasyoungarenotsowidelyenjoyedbyyoungreadersastheyusedtobe.________________43.Besidestheonesmentionedinthepassage,whatelsedoyouthinkcanreadingbenefitus?(Inabout40words)________________第二節(jié)書面表達(20分)44.假設(shè)你是學(xué)生會主席李華，學(xué)生會打算召開一次主題為“成功的秘訣”的線上英文演講活動，請你寫信給你的英國外教Jim，邀請他來參加你們的活動并做主題發(fā)言。內(nèi)容包括：1.演講活動舉辦的時間和內(nèi)容；2.建議發(fā)言的具體內(nèi)容及其原因。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua