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高二英語試卷I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Shehasbeenleftbehindinherwork.B.Shedoesfewthingswithhermobilephone.C.Shekeepshermobilephoneathome.D.Shehasboughtthelatestmodelofmobilephone.2.A.Theyneedn’tdresssimilarly.B.Thewomanhadbetteravoidjeans.C.Themanislookingforanewjacket.D.Theyshouldn’tdresstooinformally.3.A.He’sexpectingtomeethisboss.B.He’salwaysinagoodmood.C.Hereceivedagoodevaluation.D.Hehadafightwithhisboss.4.A.Sheremainsstrictwithothers.B.Sheisself-conscious.C.Sheisnarrow-minded.D.Shehastroublecommunicating.5.A.Hedoesn’thavetimetoread.B.Hedislikeswhatthewomanlikesreading.C.Helikestowriteessaysonsocialtopics.D.Hehasnoreadingpreferences.6.A.Askafriendforthenameofahairstylist.B.Makeanappointmentwithsomeoneelse.C.Callanotherhairsalon.D.Getherhaircutat12:00.7.A.Getabookonhowtomakerepairs.B.Askthemantofixherrefrigerator.CFindarepairpersonsoon.D.Waittoseeiftheproblemdisappears.8.A.Sheneedsanewhatandgloves.B.Theweatherwillcontinuetobecold.C.Themanhadbetterputawayhiswinterclothes.D.Shewonderswhattheweatherwillbeliketomorrow.9.A.Rescheduleoneofhisappointments.B.Keepbothmeetingsshort.C.Cancelhisappointments.D.Prepareforthemeetingatbreakfast.10.A.He’dprefernottowalktoclass.B.Hedoesn’tspendenoughtimestudying.C.Hedoesn’tthinktheweatherisnice.D.Hehaslittletimeforoutdooractivities.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereach

1passageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Varioustraffic-claimingmeasuresputforwardbyresidents.B.TheinconveniencescausedbywhatisbeingdoneonCastleViewRoad.C.Differentagegroups’opinionsaboutproposalsconcerningroadsafety.D.Thedifferencebetweenthoseagedover40andthosebetween21and40.12.A.70%.B.3%.C.60%.D.15%.13.A.Toomuchtraffic.B.Highspeed.C.Poorroadconditions.D.Pedestrians’disruption.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Thefunnystory.B.Theirpreviousadaptations.C.Theirlackofexperience.D.Thecharacters.15.A.Onceaweek.B.Fourtimesaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.D.Twiceaweek.16.A.High-priced.B.Slow-paced.C.Successful.D.Boring.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation17.A.Howtomakeourlifestylemoresustainable.B.Howtomeasureone’secologicalfootprint.C.Howtobecomeahealthyvegetarian.D.HowtofeedmorepeoplewithlessdamagetoEarth.18.A.Throwingawayrubbish.B.Toomuchpackaging.C.Buyingfoodthatisnotfresh.D.Toomuchrecycling.19.A.Efficient.B.Cruel.C.Wasteful.D.Productive.20.A.Customers.B.Farmers.C.Policymakers.D.Animalprotectors.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

2blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BoyanSlat,aDutchinventoriscleaningtheworld’smostpollutedriversinanefforttosavetheoceans.Hehasmadeithismission___1___(remove)plasticfromtheoceans.Hisorganization,TheOceanCleanup,hassuccessfullystartedtocleanthepollutionthathasbeencirclingintheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.Butmillionsmoretonsofplasticentertheoceanseveryyear,almostallofit___2___(flow)fromrivers.Just10riversareresponsibleforaround90%ofallthatplastic,___3___a2017studyfromtheHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch.“So___4___wefocusontheworstrivers,webelievewecanreallyhavethefastestandmostcost-effectivewaytoclosethetapandpreventmoreplasticfromreachingtheoceansinthefirstplace,”Slatsaid.TheOceanCleanupiseffectivelyusingfloatingtrashcollectorscalled“Interceptors”.Thesesolar-powered,autonomoussystemsusetherivers’currentstoguidethetrashontoaconveyorbeltthatcarrythewasteto___5___(await)bins.ThefirstinterceptorwenttoworkinJakarta,Indonesia,topullplasticfromawaterwaycalledtheCengkarengdrain.AsecondinterceptorbegancollectingtrashflowingdowntheKlangriverinKualaLumpur,Malaysia.Ontheothersideoftheworld,___6___InterceptorhasrecentlystartedremovingriverpollutionnearthemouthoftheRioOzamaintheDominicanRepublic.“___7___theriverispolluted,thefishdie.Everyyeartherearelessfish,”LuisPeguero,alocalfisherman,explained.WhenPegueroisluckyenoughtoreelin(收線拉起)acatch,it___8___notbesafeforhisfamilytoeat.“Youfindstuffinthefish,especiallythecatfish.Trash,bottlelids,evenashoe.Thefishcan’tsurvivethis,”saidPeguero.Tohim,themoderntrash-collectingcatamaran(雙體船)isapeculiarbutwelcomesight.TheOceanCleanupisworkingwiththelocalgovernmentsandcommunitiestohelpretrieve(取回)theplastictheInterceptorscollect.“Bystoppingplasticinrivers,wehopetonotonlyaddressthebigglobalplasticpollutionissue,butalsoreallyhelpmakelifebetterforthepeople___9___liveneartheseproblematicrivers,”saidSlat.TheOceanCleanup’sgoalistotacklethethousandmostpollutedriverswithin5years.Sooninterceptors____10____(head)toVietnam,Thailand,JamaicaandLosAngelesCountyintheUnitedStates.“Wearegettingouttonsofplasticeverysingleday,”Slatsaid.“Weacceptthatwewon’tdelivermagicinonego.Butwe’redoingthis,stepbystep.”【答案】1.toremove2.flowing3.accordingto4.if5.awaiting

36.another7.Because8.might##may9.that##who10.willhead【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭發(fā)明家博揚(yáng)·斯萊特正在清理世界上污染最嚴(yán)重的河流，以拯救海洋?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他把清除海洋中的塑料制品作為自己的使命。名詞mission后接不定式擔(dān)當(dāng)后置定語，構(gòu)成搭配：one’smissiontodosth.做某事是某人的使命。故填toremove?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但每年有數(shù)百萬噸以上的塑料進(jìn)入海洋，幾乎所有塑料都來自河流。本句為獨(dú)立主格形式，動詞flow和邏輯主語“allofit”之間為主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填flowing?！?題詳解】考查介詞短語。句意：根據(jù)亥姆霍爾茲環(huán)境研究中心2017年的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，大約90%的塑料是由10條河流產(chǎn)生的。主句為研究的結(jié)果，后面是結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的依據(jù)。根據(jù)句意，此處是介詞短語：accordingto根據(jù)、依據(jù)。故填accordingto?！?題詳解】考查條件狀語從句。句意：斯拉特說：“所以，如果我們關(guān)注最糟糕的河流，我們相信我們真的可以找到最快、最經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法，首先關(guān)閉水龍頭，防止更多塑料進(jìn)入海洋。”根據(jù)句意可知，用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填if?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這些太陽能驅(qū)動的自主系統(tǒng)利用河流的水流引導(dǎo)垃圾進(jìn)入傳送帶，將垃圾送到等待的垃圾箱。非謂語動詞擔(dān)當(dāng)前置定語，表示被修飾詞bins的用途，所以用動名詞。故填awaiting?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：在世界的另一邊，另一個截流器最近開始清除多米尼加共和國奧扎馬河口附近的河流污染。上文出現(xiàn)了兩個interceptor，第一個為“thefirstinterceptor”；第二個為“asecondinterceptor”；第三個用another。故填another?！?題詳解】考查原因狀語從句。句意：“因?yàn)楹铀晃廴?，魚都死了。魚一年比一年少，”當(dāng)?shù)貪O民路易斯·佩蓋羅(LuisPeguero)解釋說?？蘸鬄橹骶涞脑?，因此用because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填Because。

4【8題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：哪怕Peguero足夠幸運(yùn)的釣到魚，他的家人們吃魚也可能不安全。根據(jù)上文可知，這里的河水被污染了，所以對于他的家人而言，吃魚可能不安全，所以用情態(tài)動詞may/might。故填may或might?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：斯拉特說：“通過停止往河流中排放塑料，我們不僅希望解決全球塑料污染的大問題，還希望真正幫助改善生活在這些問題河流附近的人們的生活?！贝颂幨窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句，先行詞為people，在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語，用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that?！?0題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：不久，攔截機(jī)將前往越南、泰國、牙買加和美國洛杉磯縣。根據(jù)soon可知，本句時態(tài)為一般將來時。故填willhead。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.respectivelyB.visionC.reboundedD.decouplingE.respectablyF.promotingG.commitmentsH.emittersI.peakJ.remainingK.urgentGreenhousegas(GHG)emissionsintheAsean(東盟)regionareestimatedtoincreaseinthesameperiod,basedonthelatestNationallydeterminedcontributions(NDC)targetsupto2030.TokeeptheParisAgreementtemperaturegoalwithinreach,DrBeniSuryadi,CentreforEnergyManagerattheAseanSecretariat,statedthatASEANneedstoachieve____11____emissionsassoonaspossibleafter2030andnet-zeroGHGemissionsassoonaspossibleafter2050.However,____12____ofthegrowthinGDPandenergy-relatedCO2emissionsisobservedonlyinahandfuloftheAseanmemberstates.“Itisvitaltoreduceenergyintensitythroughlowerenergydemandandfurtherenergysavingsandtoreduceemissionintensityby____13____renewableenergyexpansion,”hesaid.“CurrentpoliciesneedtobeenhancedtoachievetheNDCtargets.The____14____undertheNDCswillprovideAseanwithabetterperspectiveoftheneedforamoreambitiouscourseofactiononmitigation（緩解）inthefuture.AmbitiousenergypoliciescansignificantlyreduceGHGemissionandhelpsour____15____towardslowcarboneconomiesandclimateresilientnations.”Earlierinhispresentation,DrBenihighlighted,“abriefrecord-breakingdropinclimatechange–causing

5carbonemissionsduringtheheightofthecoronaviruspandemic.However,nowadayswecontinuetohearthenewsandreadreportsthatsaythatglobalemissionshavealready____16____tonearpre-pandemiclevels”.“Whilewearegratefultolearnthattheeconomyisrevivingandweseeeconomicactivitiestakingplaceeverywhere,thereisa(n)____17____needforustolimitthegrowthofemissions.GlobalGHGemissionscontinuetorise,atatimewhentheyneedtoberapidlyfalling.”Atthegloballevel,hesaid,“Itisrecordedthatalmostthree-quartersoftheGHGemissionscomefromenergyuse;almostone-fifthfromagricultureandlanduse;andthe____18____eightpercentfromindustryandwaste”.Healsonotedthattheelectricityandtransportsectorsstartoutasandremainthebiggest____19____ofGHGsandairpollutioninAsean.“IftheAseanmemberstatesdowhatisneededtofullyachievetheirownnationalenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergytargets,aswellastheirclimatecommitments,Asean’stotalenergy-relatedGHGemissionsin2040willbe3,002MtCO2-eq,28percentlowerthaninthebaselinescenario.“Powergenerationremainsthelargestsectoralcontributor,accountingforabout40percentand46percentoftotalGHGemissionsfromenergyin2025and2040,____20____.“Furthermore,ifAseanfulfilleditsregionalaspirationaltargetsontheenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergy,AseanwillbeabletoreduceGHGemissionsmoresharplytoonly2,264MtCO2-eqin2040,”hesaid.【答案】11.I12.D13.F14.G15.B16.C17.K18.J19.H20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要圍繞目前東盟成員國在節(jié)能減排方面的形勢以及采取的相應(yīng)解決措施?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：為確?！栋屠鑵f(xié)定》的溫度目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，東盟秘書處能源經(jīng)理中心BeniSuryadi博士表示，東盟需要在2030年后盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)排放峰值，并在2050年后盡快實(shí)現(xiàn)溫室氣體凈零排放。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處缺少修飾emissions的定語成分，peak可作形容詞表示“峰值的”，符合語義。故選I項(xiàng)。【12題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：然而，僅在少數(shù)東盟成員國中觀察到GDP

6增長與能源相關(guān)二氧化碳排放量的脫鉤。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語為isobserve，本句主語不完整，設(shè)空處需補(bǔ)全主語。decoupling為動名詞形式，含義為“關(guān)聯(lián)系統(tǒng)分離、脫鉤”，可以補(bǔ)全主語成分，且含義符合語義。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：他表示：“通過降低能源需求和節(jié)約能源來降低能源強(qiáng)度，以及通過促進(jìn)可再生能源擴(kuò)張來降低排放強(qiáng)度都至關(guān)重要。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處填寫by的賓語。結(jié)合句意，promoting表示“促進(jìn)，提升，擴(kuò)展”，動名詞promoting可作介詞by的賓語，其含義符合語境。故選F項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)國家自主承諾作出的保證將使東盟更好地認(rèn)識到今后需要在緩解方面采取更有雄心的行動方針。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，句子主語不完整，需要補(bǔ)全，設(shè)空處前有定冠詞the，所以設(shè)空處為名詞。名詞commitment意為“承諾、保證”，含義符合語境，因?yàn)槭歉鱾€國家的承諾和保證，所以應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞。句意：雄心勃勃的能源政策可以顯著減少溫室氣體排放，并有助于我們實(shí)現(xiàn)低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)和氣候適應(yīng)型國家的愿景。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該填寫名詞作help的賓語。結(jié)合句意分析，名詞vision表示“目標(biāo)、愿景”，含義符合語義，且在句中作為help的賓語。故選B項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】考查動詞。句意：然而，現(xiàn)在我們持續(xù)聽到新聞和讀到報(bào)告說，全球排放量已經(jīng)回升到接近疫情前的水平。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫動詞的過去分詞形式，構(gòu)成havealreadydone形式作為句子謂語。結(jié)合語義，rebound表示“彈回，恢復(fù)”，havealreadyrebounded表示“已經(jīng)回彈/回升”，含義符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：雖然我們很慶幸經(jīng)濟(jì)正在復(fù)蘇，我們看到各地都在進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)活動，但我們迫切需要限制排放的增長。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處缺少定語成分，修飾need。結(jié)合句意，形容詞urgent表示“急切的，迫切的”，含義符合語義，且在句中作修飾need的定語。故選K項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在全球?qū)用嫔?，他表示，“?jù)記錄，近四分之三的溫室氣體排放來自能源使用；近五分之一來自農(nóng)業(yè)和土地使用；剩下的8%來自工業(yè)和廢物。”分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處缺少定語成分，修飾eightpercent。形容詞remaining表示“剩余的，余下的”含義符合語義，且可在句中作定語，修飾eightpercent。故選J項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】

7考查名詞。句意：他還指出，電力和交通行業(yè)從一開始就是東盟最大的溫室氣體和空氣污染排放行業(yè)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填寫名詞作為remain的賓語。結(jié)合句意，emitters意指“排放者”，在句中指的是電力和交通行業(yè)這兩個排放產(chǎn)業(yè)。故選H項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：發(fā)電行業(yè)仍然是最大的排放產(chǎn)業(yè)，在2025年和2040年分別占能源溫室氣體排放總量的約40%和46%。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主謂賓齊全，不缺少主干成分，設(shè)空處可以是修飾成分。副詞respectively表示“分別地、各自地”，含義符合句意，可作狀語修飾動詞accountingfor。故選A項(xiàng)。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhatistheGreatPacificGarbagePatch?TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)isthelargestofthefiveoffshoreplasticaccumulationzonesintheworld’soceans.ItislocatedhalfwaybetweenHawaiiandCalifornia.PLASTIC_____21_____Itisestimatedthat1.15to2.41milliontonnesofplasticareenteringtheoceaneachyearfromrivers.Morethanhalfofthisplasticisless_____22_____thanthewater,meaningthatitwillnotsinkonceitencountersthesea.Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)inthemarineenvironment,allowingthemtobetransportedover_____23_____distances.Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheymaketheirwayoffshore,transportedbyconverging(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatinginthepatch.Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelytoleavetheareauntilthey_____24_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.Asmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment,microplastic_____25_____intheGPGPwillonlycontinuetoincrease.LOCATIONDuetoseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents,theGPGP’slocationandshapeareconstantlychanging.Onlyfloatingobjectsthatare_____26_____influencedbycurrentswerelikelytoremainwithinthepatch.BysimulatingconcentrationlevelsintheNorthPacific,theresearcherswereabletofollowthelocationofthepatchandfoundonaverageitorbitsaround32°Nand145°W.However,theteamobservedseasonal_____27_____fromwesttoeastandsubstantialvariationsinlatitude（緯度）dependingontheyear.IMPACTONWILDLIFE

8Plastichasincreasinglybecomeaverycommonsubstanceintheocean.Duetoitssizeandcolor,animals_____28_____theplasticforfood,causingmalnutrition;itposesentanglement（纏繞）risksandthreatenstheiroverallbehavior,health,andexistence.Studieshaveshownthatabout700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris,and92%ofthese_____29_____arewithplastic.17%ofthespeciesaffectedbyplasticareontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRedListofThreatenedSpecies.IMPACTONHUMANSANDSOCIETYOnceplasticentersthemarinefoodweb,thereisapossibilitythatitwillcontaminatethehumanfoodchainaswell.Throughaprocesscalledbioaccumulation,chemicalsinplasticswillenterthebodyoftheanimal_____30_____ontheplastic,andasthefeederbecomesprey,thechemicalswillpasstothe_____31_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.Thesechemicalsthataffectedtheplasticfeederscouldthenbe_____32_____withinthehumanaswell._____33_____,yearlyeconomiccostsduetomarineplasticareestimatedtobebetween$6-19billionUSD.Thecosts_____34_____itsimpactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.Thesecostsdonotincludetheimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystemdueto_____35_____researchavailable.21.A.ACCUMULATIONB.DRIFTC.FLOATINGD.PROMOTION22.A.lightB.thickC.tinyD.dense23.A.adjustedB.overdoneC.depositedD.extended24.A.upgradeB.degradeC.assembleD.disassemble25.A.transportationB.estimationC.concentrationD.location26.A.predominantlyB.rarelyC.previouslyD.slightly27.A.similarityB.shiftC.boostD.figure28.A.exchangeB.substituteC.leaveD.confuse29.A.implicationsB.interactionsC.interferencesD.influences30.A.restingB.feedingC.riskingD.waiting31.A.marinerB.preyC.trackerD.predator32.A.presentB.absentC.currentD.reliable33.A.LikewiseB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Therefore34.A.resultinB.removefromC.stemfromD.bringabout35.A.insufficientB.adequateC.insignificantD.substantial

9【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.B25.C26.A27.B28.D29.B30.B31.D32.A33.C34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了世界五大海洋塑料堆積區(qū)中最大的一個，即大太平洋垃圾帶(GPGP)。講述了它的位置、形成的過程以及帶來的消極影響?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：塑料積累。A.ACCUMULATION聚集；B.DRIFT漂流；C.FLOATING漂??；D.PROMOTION推銷。根據(jù)下文的“Theypersistattheseasurfaceastheymaketheirwayoffshore,transportedbyconverging(匯聚的)currentsandfinallyaccumulatinginthepatch.”（當(dāng)它們離開海岸的時候，它們會一直停留在海面上，被匯聚的洋流輸送，最終在這片海域聚集。）可知，是塑料離開海岸，被匯聚的洋流輸送，聚集在海域上。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些塑料中有一半以上的密度小于水，這意味著它們一旦遇到大海就不會下沉。A.light輕的；B.thick厚的；C.tiny狹小的；D.dense密度大的。根據(jù)后文的“meaningthatitwillnotsinkonceitencountersthesea.”（意思是它一旦遇到大海就不會沉沒。），可知這些塑料密度小于水，遇到海水不會下沉。故選D。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這種堅(jiān)固而漂浮的塑料在海洋環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)出韌性，使它們能夠被輸送到很遠(yuǎn)的地方。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.overdone過多；C.deposited放置；D.extended波及，延伸。根據(jù)前文中的“Thestrongandfloatingplasticsshowresiliency(韌性)inthemarineenvironment.”（這種堅(jiān)固而漂浮的塑料在海洋環(huán)境中表現(xiàn)出韌性）可知，這些塑料由于其韌性，能夠漂浮至很遠(yuǎn)的地方。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦這些塑料進(jìn)入環(huán)流，它們就不太可能離開這個區(qū)域，直到它們在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。A.upgrade升級；B.degrade降解；C.assemble集合；D.disassemble分散。根據(jù)后文的“intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.”可知，這些塑料會在陽光、海浪和海洋生物的作用下降解成更小的微塑料。故選B。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著越來越多的塑料被丟棄到環(huán)境中，GPGP中的微塑料濃度只會繼續(xù)增加。A.transportation交通；B.estimation估計(jì)；C.concentration濃度；D.location位置。根據(jù)前文的“Asmoreandmoreplasticsarediscardedintotheenvironment.”（隨著越來越多的塑料被丟棄到環(huán)境中），可知越來越多的塑料被扔到海洋中，塑料在海洋中的濃度會不斷增加。故選C。

10【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：只有主要受洋流影響的漂浮物體才有可能留在區(qū)域內(nèi)。A.predominantly主要地；B.rarely稀少地；C.previously之前地；D.slightly稍微地。根據(jù)前文的“Oncetheseplasticsenterthegyre（環(huán)流）,theyareunlikelytoleavetheareauntilthey_____5_____intosmallermicroplasticsundertheeffectsofsun,wavesandmarinelife.”可知，一旦這些塑料垃圾進(jìn)入到了洋流中，它們不太可能離開這區(qū)域，直到它們降解成更小的微塑料。因此這些主要被洋流影響的塑料垃圾一直仍然在這個區(qū)域中，故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，研究小組觀察到季節(jié)從西到東的變化，以及緯度的重大變化取決于年份。A.similarity相似性；B.shift轉(zhuǎn)變；C.boost增加；D.figure數(shù)字。根據(jù)前文的“Duetoseasonalandinterannualvariabilitiesofwindsandcurrents.”可知，由于風(fēng)和洋流的季節(jié)性和年際變化，所以研究小組觀察到了季節(jié)性的變化。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：由于塑料的大小和顏色，動物把塑料錯當(dāng)作食物，導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良；這會帶來糾纏的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并威脅到他們的整體行為、健康和存在。A.exchange交換；B.substitute代替；C.leave離開；D.confuse弄錯。根據(jù)后文的“causingmalnutrition;itposesentanglement（纏繞）risksandthreatenstheiroverallbehavior,health,andexistence.”可知，一些動物會把塑料錯認(rèn)為食物，誤食它們最終導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究表明，約700種物種遇到過海洋垃圾，其中92%的互動是與塑料產(chǎn)生的。A.implications牽連；B.interactions互動；相互影響；C.interferences干擾；D.influences影響。根據(jù)前文的“about700specieshaveencounteredmarinedebris”可知，92%的動物都遇到過塑料，故與塑料產(chǎn)生互動。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦塑料進(jìn)入海洋食物網(wǎng)，它也有可能污染人類的食物鏈。通過一個被稱為生物積累的過程，塑料中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入以塑料為食的動物的身體，當(dāng)食用者成為獵物時，化學(xué)物質(zhì)會傳遞給捕食者——在包括人類在內(nèi)的食物網(wǎng)中一路上升。A.resting休息；B.feeding喂養(yǎng)；C.risking冒險(xiǎn)；D.waiting等待。根據(jù)后文“andasthefeederbecomesprey,thechemicalswillpasstothe_____11_____”可知，空前應(yīng)與and后的內(nèi)容相并列。當(dāng)食用者成為獵物的時候，化學(xué)物質(zhì)會傳遞給捕食者。之前的過程應(yīng)該是塑料中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會進(jìn)入以塑料為食的動物的身體。故選B?！?1題詳解】

11考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.mariner水手；B.prey獵物；C.tracker跟蹤者；D.predator捕食者。根據(jù)前文“asthefeederbecomesprey”可知，化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入以塑料為食的動物的身體中，捕食者在獵捕它們?；瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)就會進(jìn)入到捕食者的身體中。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些影響那些吃塑料的動物們的化學(xué)物質(zhì)同時也可能會一直存留在人類體內(nèi)。A.present出席的，存在于；B.absent缺席的，不存在的；C.current當(dāng)前的；D.reliable可靠的。根據(jù)前文的“thechemicalswillpasstothe_____11_____—makingtheirwayupthefoodwebthatincludeshumans.”可知，化學(xué)物質(zhì)（微塑料）會進(jìn)入到包括人類在內(nèi)的食物網(wǎng)中，人類在捕食了吃了塑料的海洋生物后，這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)也會存在于人類身體中。故選A。【33題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，海洋塑料每年造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失估計(jì)在60-190億美元之間。A.Likewise同樣地；B.However然而；C.Moreover此外；D.Therefore因此。根據(jù)后文的“yearlyeconomiccostsduetomarineplasticareestimatedtobebetween$6-19billionUSD.”并結(jié)合上文講述塑料對人類的影響可知，此處是補(bǔ)充闡述海洋塑料帶來的經(jīng)濟(jì)危害，與前文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：其成本來自其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理的影響。A.resultin導(dǎo)致；B.removefrom移除；C.stemfrom源自于；D.bringabout產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)后文的“itsimpactontourism,fisheriesandaquaculture,andgovernmentalcleanups.”可知，海洋垃圾的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失來自于其對旅游業(yè)、漁業(yè)和水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)以及政府清理方面造成的影響。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這些成本不包括由于現(xiàn)有研究不足而對人類健康和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的影響。A.insufficient不充足的；B.adequate足夠的；C.insignificant不重要的；D.substantial大量的。根據(jù)前文的“theimpactonhumanhealthandthemarineecosystem”可知，由于研究的不充足，海洋垃圾對人類健康和海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成的影響還無法計(jì)算，因此不能包括其中。故選A。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）UncleLeogivesmeasuspiciouslookwhenIcallthisplacethe‘ScacchiPalace’.Itisreallyahouse,called

12Ca’ScacchiinVenetian.Anywhereelseintheworld,thiswouldsurelyberegardedasapalace,althoughitisoneinneedofalittlecareandattention.OurhouseisbythesideofthelittleSanCassiancanalandasmallsquareofthesamename.Wehaveadoorwhichleadsontothestreetandtwoentrancesfromthewater.Onerunsunderagrand,roundedarchintothegroundfloorofthehouse,which,asiscustomaryinthecity,isusedinsteadofacellar(地下室)forstoringthings.Thesecondisusedforourcommercialactivitiesanditissituatedinanotherbuilding,whichisthreestorieshigh,attachedtothenorthside,towardstheGrandCanal.Finally,thereisyetanotherexit:awoodenbridge,withhandrails,runsfromthefirstfloorofthehousebetweenthetworiverentrancesstraightoverthecanalandintothesquareitself.Consequently,Icanwanderoveritinthemorningandfindfreshwaterfromthewellinthecentreofthesquarewhilestillrubbingthesleepfrommyeyes.OrImaycallagondola(威尼斯小劃船)frommybedroomwindow,finditwaitingformebythetimeIgetdownstairsand,justoneminutelater,beinthemiddleofthegreatestwaterwayonEarth,theGrandCanalofVenice.Thehouseisalmost200yearsold,Iamtold,andbuiltofbricksofarichdarkbrowncolour.Ithaselegantarchedwindowsandgreen-paintedshutters(百葉窗)tokeepoutthecruelsummerheat.Iliveonthethirdfloorinthethirdroomontherightwithaviewoverthecanalandsquare.WhenIlieinbedatnight,Icanhearthechatterandsongsofthepassinggondoliersandtheconversationsinthesquarenearby.IunderstandwhyUnclerunshisbusinesshere.Thepricesarenottoosteep.Thelocationofthehouseisnearthecitycentreandeasyforourclientstofind.Furthermore,theprintingtradehasmanyrootsinthisareaofVenice,evenifsomeoftheoldpublishersfromtheareanolongerexist.36.Accordingtothewriter,inwhatwayisthehousetypicalofVenice?A.Peopleliveandworkinthesamebuilding.B.Thereareseveralwaysofenteringit.C.Itconsistsoftwoseparatebuildings.D.Thestorageareaisnotbelowground.37.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”(inparagraph2)referto?A.Thefamilybusiness.B.Afloor.C.Anentrance.D.Abuilding.38.Whatdoesthewritersayabouthisuncle’sprintingbusinessinthefourthparagraph?A.Ithasplentyofcustomers.B.Itislessexpensivethanothers.C.It’stheonlyprintingbusinessleftinthedistrict.D.Thereareothersimilarbusinessesinthedistrict.39.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatthewriterregardsVeniceas.

13A.somewherethatcouldneverbehomeB.astrangeandspecialplacetoliveinC.acitywhereit’seasytogetlostD.aplacedominatedbymoney【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了威尼斯的房子及其特別之處?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onerunsunderagrand,roundedarchintothegroundfloorofthehouse,which,asiscustomaryinthecity,isusedinsteadofacellarforstoringthings.(一個從巨大的圓形拱門下延伸到房子的一層，這是城市的慣例，用來代替地窖來存放東西)”可知，房子的存儲區(qū)域不在地下，這是威尼斯的特色。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Wehaveadoorwhichleadsontothestreetandtwoentrancesfromthewater.(我們有一扇通向街道門和兩個從水里出來的入口)”以及“Thesecondisusedforourcommercialactivitiesanditissituatedinanotherbuilding,whichisthreestorieshigh,attachedtothenorthside,towardstheGrandCanal.(第二個用于我們的商業(yè)活動，它位于另一棟三層樓高的建筑中，與北側(cè)相連，朝向大運(yùn)河)”可知，句中it指代的是上文提到兩個入口之一。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“IunderstandwhyUnclerunshisbusinesshere.Thepricesarenottoosteep.Thelocationofthehouseisnearthecitycentreandeasyforourclientstofind.Furthermore,theprintingtradehasmanyrootsinthisareaofVenice,evenifsomeoftheoldpublishersfromtheareanolongerexist.(我理解叔叔為什么在這里經(jīng)營他的生意。價格不太高。該房屋位于市中心附近，便于我們的客戶找到。此外，印刷業(yè)在威尼斯這個地區(qū)有許多根源，即使該地區(qū)的一些老出版商已不復(fù)存在)”可知，該地區(qū)價格不高，且位于市中心附近，所以該地區(qū)還有其他和叔叔的印刷生意類似的企業(yè)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Itisreallyahouse,calledCa’ScacchiinVenetian.Anywhereelseintheworld,thiswouldsurelyberegardedasapalace,althoughitisoneinneedofalittlecareandattention.(事實(shí)上這是一棟房子，威尼斯人叫Ca’Scacchi。在世界上任何其他地方，這肯定會被視為一座宮殿，盡管它需要一點(diǎn)照顧和關(guān)注)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，威尼斯的房子奇怪而特別，作者認(rèn)為威尼斯是一個奇怪而特別的居住地。故選B項(xiàng)。(B)HowtoplaceanOrderofCustomJeans

14SelecttheFabric&Styles→Fabric(布料)—SelecttheFabricfromourlargecollectionofDenimFabricSamples.→SpecialWash—Selectyourfavoritespecialwashtreatmenttomakeyourjeanslookstylish.→ThreadColor—Selectthethreadcoloryouwant.Youcanselectsecondarythreadcoloralso,whichcanbeusedatcertainstitches.Also,youcanspecifywhereyouwanttousethesecondarythreadunderspecialnotattheendofmeasurements.→PocketStyle—Selectthefrontpocket&backpocketstyle.Ifyouwantyourownstyledfront&backpocket,selectmyowndesign&sendusthephotoofthepocketstyleyouwant.Ifyouaregoingwithourdefault(默認(rèn))pocketstyle,wewillmakeyourjeanswithbasic5-pocketpattern,whichisuniversalstyleforjeansinallcountriesintheworld.→FlyStyle—Selecttheflystyleyouwant,theZipFlyortheButtonFly.MeasurementsSelectoneoptionfrom“MakeMyJeans”&“CopyAJeans”→MakeMyJeans—FirstSelectfittingtypeaccordingtowhattypeoffittingyouwantforyourjeans.Giveyourexactbodymeasurementsasdescribed&showninthephotos.Wewillleaveextraloosingasdescribedin“FittingGuideTable”.Sorefertotablefirst&thendecideyourfittingtype.→CopyAJeans—Ifyoualreadyhaveaperfectjeansandyoulikeitthemost,thenyoucansendusallthemeasurementstousbyfollowingtheinstructionsin“CopyAJeans”section.Wewillmaketheperfectcopyofyourfavoritejeans.Pleasenotewecancopyonlythemeasurements,notthefabricandaccessories.Themeasurementswritteninthemeasurementsboxbyyouwillbethefinalmeasurementsforyourorderprocessing.Tochangeormodifyit,contactusbyE-mailorbyphoneandwewillinformyouaboutyourorderstatusandwewilltellyouwhatmodificationweareabletodoatthatstage.ConfirmYourOrderBypressingPROCEEDtab,youwillberedirectedto“ConfirmOrder”page.Onthispage,youwillseeallthedetailsyouselectedduringorder,youcanagainmodifyorderbyclickingedittab.Afterconfirmingyourorder,pressPROCEEDtab.MakePaymentYoucanmakepaymentsindifferentways.WeprovidePayPal(directpaybyPayPal&byyourcreditcard),net-banking,chequeorcashdepositandsendademanddraftoptions.DeliveryAfterconfirmationofyourpayment,wewillstartthejeansmakingprocessforyou,andwewilldeliveryour

15jeanswithin30days.Afterdispatchingfromhere,itwilltake3-5daystodeliverinIndiaand6-9daystodeliveroutofIndia.EnjoyWearingSQJeansTM.40.InFabric&Styleswhichitemleavesyouwiththeleastpersonalchoice?A.Fabric.B.ThreadColorC.PocketStyle.D.FlyStyle.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.Beforepayment,youcancheckyourorderindetailandfeelfreetomakemodificationsmultipletimes.B.Iftheorderwithwrongmeasurementshasalreadybeenprocessed,nothingcanbedonetofixthesituation.CThetailorwillmeetalltherequirementsonyourjeansonconditionthatyoustateeverydetailclearlyinyourorder.D.Thetailorwillmakeanidenticalcopyofyourfavoritejeansifyoufollowtheinstructionsin“CopyAJeans”section.42.IfyouplaceanoverseasorderwithfullpaymentsbyPayPalonOctober12,yourjeansareexpectedtoreachyounolaterthanaccordingtotheonlineinformationabove.A.Nov26B.Nov.20C.Nov.16D.Oct.21【答案】40.D41.A42.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是如何訂購定制牛仔褲?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SelecttheFabric&Styles部分的“Fabric(布料)—SelecttheFabricfromourlargecollectionofDenimFabricSamples.(面料——從我們大量的牛仔面料樣品中選擇面料。)”；“FlyStyle—Selecttheflystyleyouwant,theZipFlyortheButtonFly.(飛行風(fēng)格——選擇你想要的飛行風(fēng)格，Zip飛行或按鈕飛行。)”；“PocketStyle—Selectthefrontpocket&backpocketstyle.Ifyouwantyourownstyledfront&backpocket,selectmyowndesign&sendusthephotoofthepocketstyleyouwant.Ifyouaregoingwithourdefault(默認(rèn))pocketstyle,wewillmakeyourjeanswithbasic5-pocketpattern,whichisuniversalstyleforjeansinallcountriesintheworld.(口袋風(fēng)格——選擇前口袋和后口袋風(fēng)格。如果你想要你自己風(fēng)格的前和后口袋，選擇我自己的設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)送你想要的我們的照片口袋風(fēng)格。如果你使用我們默認(rèn)的口袋樣式，我們會為你制作基本的5口袋樣式的牛仔褲。)”；“ThreadColor—Selectthethreadcoloryouwant.Youcanselectsecondarythreadcoloralso,whichcanbeusedatcertainstitches.Also,youcanspecifywhereyouwanttousethesecondarythreadunderspecialnotattheendofmeasurements.(

16線的顏色——選擇你想要的線的顏色。你也可以選擇次要的線色，可以用于某些針腳。此外，你還可以在特殊情況下(不是在測量結(jié)束時)指定要使用輔助線程的位置。)”可知，飛行風(fēng)格的選擇最少，只有兩種可選。故選D。【41題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ConfirmYourOrder部分的“Onthispage,youwillseeallthedetailsyouselectedduringorder,youcanagainmodifyorderbyclickingedittab.Afterconfirmingyourorder,pressPROCEEDtab.”(在此頁面上，您將看到您在訂單期間選擇的所有詳細(xì)信息，您可以通過單擊編輯選項(xiàng)卡再次修改訂單。)”可知，在付款之前，您可以檢查您的訂單的細(xì)節(jié)，并自由地進(jìn)行多次修改。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Delivery部分的“wewilldeliveryourjeanswithin30days.Afterdispatchingfromhere,itwilltake3-5daystodeliverinIndiaand6-9daystodeliveroutofIndia”(將在30天內(nèi)交貨。從這里發(fā)貨，印度本土需要3-5天，印度以外需要6-9天。)”可知，如果你在10月12日下海外訂單，那么將在30天之內(nèi)發(fā)貨，從印度寄出海外需6-9天，因此收貨時長為36-39天，即最晚不超過11月20日可以收貨。故選B。(C)Aseverymobile-phoneownerknows,afterayearorsothebatterystartstofadeandthebeastneedsrechargingmorefrequently.Thatisanuisance,butaphone’sbatteriescanbereplacedfairlycheaplyorthewholehandsettradedinforthelatestmodel.Anelectriccar,however,isamuchbiggerinvestment.Batteriesareitspriciestcomponent,representingaround30%ofanaverageofmid-sizevehicle.Adeterioratingbatteryposesapotentialsafetyhazard,anddestroysitssecond-handvalueaswell.Toprovidebuyerswithsomepeaceofmind,carmakersguaranteetheirbatteries,typicallyforeightyearsoraround200,000km.Producersarenow,though,planningtogomuchfurtherthanthat,withthelaunchof“million-mile”batteries.“It’sagreatcatchphrase;themillion-milebattery,”saysGeorgeCrabtree,directoroftheJointCentreforEnergyStorageResearch.“Butthefactthatyoucandriveamillionmilesmaynotbethemostrelevantparameter(參數(shù))tolookat.”Regularfast-chargingreducesbatterylife,asdoovercharginganddeepdischarging.Drivinginextremelyhotorcoldweatherdoesn’thelpeither.Andbatterylifewilldiminishevenifyoujustleavethecarinthegarage.Therealpointofamillion-milebatteryisthatthetechnologicaladvancesrequiredtomakeitpossiblewilldealwiththesethingsaswell.Thelithium-ion(鋰離子)batterieswhichpowerelectriccarsageintwoways:withtimeandwithuse.Battery-makerscalltime-dependentageing“calendarageing”,whichisconsequenceofthegradualdegradationofsomeofthematerialsemployedinbatteryconstruction.Leavingacarwithafullyratherthanpartlycharged

17battery,forexample,canincreasetherateofcalendarageing.Use-dependentageingisaconsequenceofthenumberofdischarge—rechargecyclesabatterygoesthrough.Itiscausedbythecomplexchemicalreactionsthattakeplacewhenabatteryisoperating.Batterytechnologyisimprovingallthetime.Asaconsequence,soarecalendaranduse-dependentlifetimes.Keepingtrackofandstudyingbatteries’performancehelpsresearcherscomeupwithwaystomitigate(緩和)someofthesidereactions.Dealingwithimpuritiesthatgetintobatterieshelpstoextendtheirlives.Forexample,topreventwaterfromforminganacidbyattackingtheelectrodes(電極),GMhasdevelopedanaddictivemadefromzeolites(沸石)—molecularsponges,whichservestomopupanymoisturewhichentersabatterycell.Addingalittlealuminium(鋁)booststhebattery’senergydensity,meaningacarcantravelfartheronasinglecharge.Italsomakesthebatterylastlongerandlesscostly.Asamarketingdevice,themillion-milebatterywillgiveelectric-carbuyersmoreconfidenceintheirbatteries.Butitisanythingbutthelimitofengineers’aspirations.ThenextobjectiveistoreplaceLi-ions’liquidelectrolytes(電解液)withsolidones,whichcouldmakeatwo-million-milebatteryafeasibleobjective.Ifthatdaycomes,thetableswouldhavebeenturned.Frombeingthefirstpartofacartofail,itsbatterywillhavecomethelast.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphmean?A.Itismoreprofitabletoinvestinanelectriccarthaninamobilephone.B.It’smuchmorecostlytoreplacethefailedbatteriesofanelectriccarwithnewones.C.Spendingmoremoneyonanelectriccarcanincreaseitssecond-handvalue.D.Comparedwithelectriccars,batteriesareoflessimportancetomobilephones.44.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistheleastlikelytoreduceanelectriccar’sbatterylife?A.Drivinganelectriccaronextremelyhotsummerdays.B.Oftenchargingthecarin‘fast’modetosavetime.C.Unplugginganelectriccaronceit’sfullycharged.D.Leavingthecarintheparkinglotforalongtime.45.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEregardingthemeasuresresearcherstaketoprolongabattery’slifetime?A.Usingaluminiumtoimprovethebattery’sperformanceenablingthecartotravelfarther.B.Keepingthebatterypartlychargedtoreduceitsrateof‘calendarageing’.C.Monitoringandstudyingbatteries’performanceinlong-distancetraveling.D.Addingzeolitetoencouragetheacidifyingchemicalreactioninthebattery.

1846.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.A.Electriccarengineersarealwaysonthegotodevelopbatterieswithgreaterlongevity.B.Thecurrenttechnologyhasenabledanelectriccartodriveamillionmilesonasinglecharge.C.Policiesonthechoiceofbatterymaterialswillbetightenedtocontrolthetravelingrange.D.Driversoffutureelectriccarswillnolongerbeworriedaboutbatteryfailure.【答案】43.B44.C45.D46.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述電動車的電池的壽命以及技術(shù)等相關(guān)信息。【43題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Thatisanuisance,butaphone’sbatteriescanbereplacedfairlycheaplyorthewholehandsettradedinforthelatestmodel.(這很討厭，但手機(jī)的電池可以相當(dāng)便宜地更換，或者用整個手機(jī)換成最新款。)”可知，手機(jī)電池更換不貴。根據(jù)劃線句中的However可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，由此猜測劃線部分句子意為“電動車更換電池很貴”。故選B。【44題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Regularfast-chargingreducesbatterylife,asdoovercharginganddeepdischarging.(定期快速充電會縮短電池壽命，過度充電和深度放電也會縮短電池壽命)”可知，電池充滿電就拔下來不會縮短電池壽命。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Forexample,topreventwaterfromforminganacidbyattackingtheelectrodes(電極),GMhasdevelopedanaddictivemadefromzeolites(沸石)—molecularsponges,whichservestomopupanymoisturewhichentersabatterycell.(例如，為了防止水通過腐蝕電極形成酸，通用汽車公司開發(fā)了一種由沸石分子海綿制成的添加劑，用于清除進(jìn)入電池的任何水分。)”可知添加沸石是為了防止水通過腐蝕電極形成酸，不會促進(jìn)酸化反應(yīng)，D項(xiàng)“添加沸石以促進(jìn)電池中的酸化化學(xué)反應(yīng)?！卞e誤。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asamarketingdevice,themillion-milebatterywillgiveelectric-carbuyersmoreconfidenceintheirbatteries.Butitisanythingbutthelimitofengineers’aspirations.ThenextobjectiveistoreplaceLi-ions’liquidelectrolytes(電解液)withsolidones,whichcouldmakeatwo-million-milebatteryafeasibleobjective.(作為一種營銷手段，百萬英里電池將使電動汽車購買者對其電池更有信心。但這絕不是工程師們的愿望的極限。下一個目標(biāo)是用固體電解質(zhì)取代鋰離子的液體電解質(zhì)，這可能使200萬英里的電池成為一個可行的目標(biāo)。)”可知，工程師一直在努力開發(fā)壽命更長的電池。故選A。

19SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Dolphinslearnspecialforaging(捕食)techniquesfromtheirmothersandit'snowclearthattheycanlearnfromtheirbuddiesaswell.____47____Itturnsoutthattheylearnthisskillbywatchingtheirpalsdothejob.Thediscovery,reportedinthejournalCurrentBiology,helpsrevealhowgroupsofwildanimalscantransmitlearnedbehaviorsanddeveloptheirowndistinctcultures."Dolphinsareindeedverycleveranimals.Soitmakessensethattheyareabletolearnfromothers,"saysSonjaWild,aresearcherattheUniversityofKonstanzinGermany.___48___Thisstudy,however,showsthatdolphinsarealsomotivatedtolearnfromtheirpeersinadditiontomimickingtheirmothers.Thebottle-nosedolphinsthatliveinSharkBay,WesternAustralia,havebeenstudiedfordecades,andscientistshaveidentifiedoverathousandindividualsbylookingattheuniqueshapeandmarkingsoftheirdorsalfins.Researchersknowwhatfamiliesthedolphinsbelongto,andkeeptrackoftheircloseassociates.Wildandhercolleagueshavecloselyexaminedhowdolphinslearnparticularstrategyforcatchingfish---onethatinvolvesusingtheemptyshellsoflargeseasnails.Adolphinwillchaseafishtooneoftheseshells,andthentheyinserttheirbeakintotheshell,bringthewholethinguptotheface.Afterthat,theyshakeitupabovethewatersurfacetodrainthewateroutoftheshelluntilthefishbasicallyfallsintotheiropenmouth.Whetherornotdolphinscaughtfishinthiswaydidn'tseemtobeexplainedbyhowmanyshellswerelyingaroundtheirhuntingarea,norwhetheradolphinwasgeneticallyrelatedtoanotherdolphinthatknewhowtodoit._____49_____Previously,it'sbeenshownthathumpbackwhalesseemtolearnhuntingtechniquesfromtheirpeersinasimilarway.Thenewobservationsofwilddolphinslearningfromtheirpeersis"exciting,"saysDianaReiss,adolphincognitionresearcheratHunterCollege,CUNY,"Ittellsusaboutthesourceofsomethesebehaviors.Itseemslikethey'renotrelyingonjustleamingfrommomwhenthey'reoutthere.Theyseemtobeobservingothers,watchingwhatthey'redoingandacquiringitfromothersintheirsocialgroup."Beingabletolearnfrompeersmayhelpanimalpopulationssurviveinachangingenvironment._____50_____"Inunstableenvironmentsthatarechanging,it'smorebeneficialtokindoflookaroundandseewhatothersaredoing"saysWild,"andmaybeadopttheirbehavioralinnovationsthatmaybemoreadaptivetothenewenvironmentalconditions."A.Thebestexplanationisthatdolphinslearnedthismethodfromacloseassociate.B.Researchshowsthatthisbehaviorgetspasseddownalmostexclusivelythroughthematernalline.

20C.Youngdolphinsspendyearsincloseassociationwiththeirmothersandnaturallytendtoadopttheirmothers'waysD.Becausewhileknowledgefrompreviousgenerationshasbeentestedbytime,certainbehaviorsmaybecomelessusefulifconditionschange.E.Take,forexample,theclevertrickthatsomedolphinsusetocatchfishbytrappingtheminseashells.F.Basedonthisassertion,wecan'tdiscountthepossibilitythattheyinnovateindividuallyontheirown.【答案】47.E48.C49.A50.D【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。文章說明了海豚能夠從伙伴那里學(xué)習(xí)，以利于自己更加適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。【47題詳解】根據(jù)第一句“Dolphinslearnspecialforagingtechniquesfromtheirmothersandit'snowclearthattheycanlearnfromtheirbuddiesaswell.”表示海豚能通過自己的伙伴學(xué)習(xí)捕食。下文中“Itturnsoutthattheylearnthisskillbywatchingtheirpalsdothejob.”中“thisskill”應(yīng)該是前一句中指代的具體的技能?！癟ake,forexample,theclevertrickthatsomedolphinsusetocatchfishbytrappingtheminseashells.（舉個例子，一些海豚用巧妙的把戲把魚困在貝殼里）”中描述的即為這種技能。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文SonjaWild說的話，并結(jié)合下文中的“Thisstudy,however,showsthatdolphinsarealsomotivatedtolearnfromtheirpeersinadditiontomimickingtheirmothers.（然而，這項(xiàng)研究表明，除了模仿母親之外，海豚也有向同伴學(xué)習(xí)的動機(jī)）”可知，空格處的句子應(yīng)該描述海豚模仿母親學(xué)習(xí)技能這件事?！癥oungdolphinsspendyearsincloseassociationwiththeirmothersandnaturallytendtoadopttheirmothers'ways（年幼的海豚與母親相處數(shù)年，自然地傾向于采取母親的方式）”符合此處語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】本段為上一段海豚捕魚方式的解釋。根據(jù)“Whetherornotdolphinscaughtfishinthiswaydidn'tseemtobeexplainedbyhowmanyshellswerelyingaroundtheirhuntingarea,norwhetheradolphinwasgeneticallyrelatedtoanotherdolphinthatknewhowtodoit.（海豚是否以這種方式捕魚似乎不能用它們捕獵區(qū)域周圍有多少貝殼來解釋，也不能用海豚和其他知道如何捕魚的海豚是否有遺傳關(guān)系來解釋）”可知，此處應(yīng)該點(diǎn)出具體的原因。“Thebestexplanationisthatdolphinslearnedthismethodfromacloseassociate.（最好的解釋是海豚從一個親近的伙伴那里學(xué)到了這種方法）”中“bestexplanation”與第一句的“didn'tseemtobeexplained”對應(yīng)，且下一句為對于這一解釋的例子的補(bǔ)充。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】本段主題句為第一句，表示學(xué)習(xí)同伴技能的好處。下文Wild說的話也證明了這一觀點(diǎn)。“Becausewhile

21knowledgefrompreviousgenerationshasbeentestedbytime,certainbehaviorsmaybecomelessusefulifconditionschange.（因?yàn)楸M管來自前幾代人的知識已經(jīng)經(jīng)過了時間的考驗(yàn)，但如果條件改變，某些行為可能會變得不那么有用）”為對于主題句的原因補(bǔ)充，符合此處語境。故選D項(xiàng)。IV.Translation(15’)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.51.每個人都渴望成功，但成功只屬于那些擁有成長心態(tài)的人。(desire)（漢譯英）【答案】Everyonehasadesireforsuccessbutsuccessonlybelongstothosewhohaveagrowthmindset.【解析】【詳解】考查動詞、短語和名詞。此句描寫的是一般的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時。表示“每個人”英文為everyone；表示“渴望”短語為haveadesirefor；表示“成功”的英文為success；表示“屬于”用短語belongto；表示“但”可用英文but；表示“擁有成長心態(tài)的人”處理為修飾those（那些人）的定語從句，從句缺少主語，用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)，整句表達(dá)為whohaveagrowthmindset。故可翻譯為Everyonehasadesireforsuccessbutsuccessonlybelongstothosewhohaveagrowthmindset.52.植物物種并不是廣闊的熱帶雨林中面臨滅絕威脅的唯一生命形式。(threaten)（漢譯英）【答案】Plantspeciesarenottheonlyformsoflife(thatare)threatenedwithextinctioninthevastrainforest.【解析】【詳解】考查動詞、短語名詞和定語從句/非謂語動詞。表示“植物物種”短語為plantspecies；表示“廣闊的熱帶雨林中”短語為inthevastrainforest；表示“唯一生命形式”短語為theonlyformoflife；表示“面臨滅絕威脅”短語為bethreatenedwithextinction，省略be，用過去分詞在此句中作后置定語，可用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句表達(dá)（指代先行詞forms并在從句中作主語），描述的是客觀情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故翻譯為Plantspeciesarenottheonlyformsoflife(thatare)threatenedwithextinctioninthevastrainforest.53.極可能對自然資源負(fù)責(zé)任的開發(fā)會使當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)保持增長到下個十年。（likelihood,sustain）（漢譯英）【答案】Inalllikelihood,thelocaleconomywillsustainitsgrowthintothenextdecadeduetotheresponsibleexploitationofnaturalresources.【解析】【詳解】考查動詞、短語和名詞。表示“極可能”短語為inalllikelihood，在句中作狀語；表示“當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)”短語為thelocaleconomy；表示“保持增長到下個十年”短語為sustainitsgrowthintothenextdecade；表示“對自然資源負(fù)責(zé)任的”在此表原因，可翻譯為duetotheresponsibleexploitationofnaturalresources。根據(jù)句意可知，此句是未發(fā)生的事，用一般將來時。結(jié)合其他漢語提示，故可翻譯為Inalllikelihood,thelocaleconomywillsustainitsgrowthintothenextdecadeduetotheresponsibleexploitationof

22naturalresources.54.盡管那時損失嚴(yán)重，但他們沒有灰心，沒有絕望，而是同心協(xié)力，終于克服了暫時的困難。(as)（漢譯英）【答案】Severeasthedamagewasatthattime,theydidn’tloseheartorsinkintodespairbutinstead,theymadejointeffortsandeventuallyovercamethetemporarydifficulty.【解析】【詳解】考查倒裝，動詞和名詞。as意為“盡管”時，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句要使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。表示沒有“沒有灰心”應(yīng)用didn’tloseheart；表示“沒有絕望”應(yīng)用didn’tsinkindespair；表示“同心協(xié)力”應(yīng)用makejointefforts；表示“克服暫時的困難”應(yīng)用overcamethetemporarydifficulty。根漢語提示，整句話是對過去事實(shí)的描述，故應(yīng)該用一般過去時。故翻譯為Severeasthedamagewasatthattime,theydidn’tloseheartorsinkintodespairbutinstead,theymadejointeffortsandeventuallyovercamethetemporarydifficulty.聽力答案：1-10BDCCBDCBAD11-20.CCBDDCABCA

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