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人教版英語分冊復(fù)習(xí)知識點(diǎn)八年級下冊Units9-10重點(diǎn)短語:have/hasgoneto+地點(diǎn)到某地去了(人不在此處)have/hasbeento+地點(diǎn)曾經(jīng)去過某地,有曾經(jīng)去過某地的經(jīng)歷have/hasbeenin+地點(diǎn)在某地anamusementpark游樂園arollercoaster過山車endup結(jié)束endupwith以….結(jié)束English-speakingcountry說英語的國家anativespeakerofEnglish以英語為母語的人suchas例如,比如threequarters四分之三listening/writingskill聽力/寫作技巧alargepopution人口眾多asmallpopulation人煙稀少naturalenvironment自然環(huán)境smalltalk閑聊haveproblemdoingsth做某事有問題atleast至少thank-younote感謝信lookthrough查看,瀏覽sofar到目前為止getalong相處comealong(意外)來到
1重點(diǎn)句型:1.Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?No,I’veneverbeentoanamusement./Yes,Ihave.Iwenttherelastyear.2.Harveyandhisfriendaregoingskating.3.It’saniceday,isn’tit?Yes,itis.Ireallylovehotweather.4.You’reJenny’sfriend,aren’tyou?Yes,Iam.清單一:動詞的-ing形式及語法功能1.動詞的-ing形式動詞-ing形式是英語中較多的形式之一,它是動詞原形+ing構(gòu)成的。它既具有動詞的一些特征,又具有名詞的一些特征.在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。否定式:not+動詞的-ing形式2.動詞的-ing形式的語法功能:①作主語,往往說明事物的普遍性、廣泛性:
2Readingaloudisveryhelpful.大聲朗讀是很有好處的。Collectingstampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。當(dāng)動詞的-ing形式短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。It’snousequarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。用法點(diǎn)津:不定式和動詞的-ing形式作主語的區(qū)別。不定式更強(qiáng)調(diào)具體性,往往有明確的時(shí)間,而動詞的-ing形式是一種泛指.一種體驗(yàn),不是明確的發(fā)生在過去.現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼?更具有普遍性。Readingisreallyfun.讀書真有趣。Toreadsuchastoryishard.讀這樣一個(gè)故事真是難。②作表語,用以說明事物的身份.性質(zhì)等,此時(shí)和不定式的用法相同:Whathelikesisplayingfootballafterclass。他所喜歡的事就是課后踢足球。③作賓語:Doyouenjoylisteningtopopmusic?你喜歡聽流行音樂嗎?Wearethinkingofmakinganewplan.我們正考慮制定一個(gè)新計(jì)劃。
3Iamnowbusysendingpostcards.我現(xiàn)在正忙于郵寄賀年卡。注意動詞的-ing形式既可以作動詞賓語也作介詞和形容詞的賓語,如上面三個(gè)例句。此外,動詞的-ing形式作賓語是時(shí),若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則常用形式賓語it,如;Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。用法點(diǎn)津:如下動詞及短語只跟動詞-ing形式作賓語:enjoy、finish、suggest、avoid(避免)、excuse、delay、imagine、keep、miss、consider、admit(承認(rèn))、deny(否認(rèn))、mind、permit、forbid、pratise、risk、appreciate、bebusy、beworth、feellike、can’tstand、can’thelp、thinkof、dreamof、befondof、prevent(from)、keep…from、stop…from、protect…from、setabout、beengagedin、spend…(in)、succesdin、beusedto、lookforwardto、objectto、payattentionto、insideon、feellike.④作定語,表示被修飾詞的性質(zhì)、身份、用途、正在進(jìn)行的行為或狀態(tài)等:Theoldmanhastowalkwithawalkingstick.這個(gè)老人只好借助拐杖走。Thisisaninterestingstory.這是一個(gè)有趣的故事。Themanwaitingatthegateisaskingtoseeyou.
4在大門口等的那個(gè)人要見你。⑤作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表明賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的行為:如下動詞后可跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語:see,watch,hear,feel,found,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch,discover等。Canyouhearhersinginginthenextroom.你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。⑥作狀語,表示時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果、目的等:(While)Wokinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker。在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)工人(表示時(shí)間)。BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers。由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助別人。(表示原因)Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing。他呆在家里,又擦又洗。(表伴隨)(If)playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩,你就會浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。(表?xiàng)l件)
5Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。(表結(jié)果)Hewentswimmingtheotherday.幾天前他去講話了。(目的)⑦做讓步狀語:Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。清單二:不定式與動詞-ing形式賓語的比較1.在下列一些動詞后面常跟動詞-ing作賓語,而不跟不定式:admit,appreciate,advice,allow,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feellike,finish,fancy,forbid,imagine,include,keep,metion,mind,miss,practice,resist,risk,suggest等。如:HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.他每天練習(xí)說英語。Headmittedhavingbrokenthewindow.他承認(rèn)打破了那扇窗子。Imuchappreciateyourgivingmethechance.
6我非常感激你給了我這個(gè)機(jī)會。2.在下列一些動詞后只跟不定式,不跟動詞-ing做賓語:want(想要),hope,expect(期望),wish,decide,wouldlike,refuse,manage,pretend,demand,offer,afford,plan,wonder,intend……等。如:Iamexpectingtogetaletterfrommyparents.我期待著父母的來信。Weareplanningtobuildanotherresearchcenter.我們正計(jì)劃著建另一所研究中心。3.在下列一些動詞后面跟不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語,意義不同。如:(1)Irememberdoingthisexercisdebefore.我記得前做過這個(gè)練習(xí)。Remembertopostthebookforme.記住幫我把那本書寄走。辨析:rememberdoing記得做過某事(某事已做過)remembertodo記住去做某事(某事還沒做)(2)WeshallneverforgethearingJacksonsinging.我們忘不了聽杰克遜唱歌的情形。Don’tfogettogivemyregardstothem.
7別忘了代我向他們問好。辨析:forgetdoing忘了做過的事(某事已做過)forgettodo忘了去做某事(某事還沒做)(3)I’lltrytoimprovemypronunciation.我會試著改善我的發(fā)音。Sincenooneansweredthefrontdoor,whynottryknockingatthebackdoor?既然前門沒人答應(yīng),為什么不試試后門呢?辨析:trytodo盡力去做某事trydoing(用另外一種方式)試一試,試試看(4)Isuggestwestopworkingandhavingarese.我們停下來休息一會兒。Theystoppedtolisten,buttherewasnomoresound.他們停下來,聽一聽,再沒什么聲音。辨析:stoptodo停下(某事)去做(另一件)事。(表目的)stopdoing把(正在做的)某事停下來。(賓語)(5)Whatdoyoumeantodowithyouroldbicycle?
8打算如何處理你那輛舊自行車?Iwon’twaitifitmeansdelayingaweekorso.如果這意味著要推遲一個(gè)星期左右,那我就不等了。辨析:meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事4.在love,like,hate,prefer后面跟不定式和動詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別,如:Doyouliketoeatanice-cream?你想吃冰淇淋嗎?Iliketravelingverymuch.我非常喜歡旅游。5.在start,begin后面,一般接不定式和動詞-ing形式無多大區(qū)別,在下列情況下,一般用不定式:①自然界變化:Itstartedtorain.開始下雨了。Sonwstartedtomeltasspringcame.春天來了,雪開始融了。②心理活動,在understand,know,reaside等詞前面:Ibegantounderstandmymother’sfeelings.我開始理解母親的感受了。③begin,start本身為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):
9MotherwasstartingtocookinthekitchenwhenIgothome.我到家時(shí)母親在廚房開始做飯。6.在allow,advise,permit,forbid等詞后面,有名詞或代詞作賓語,用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如果沒有賓語,直接用ing形式,如:Wedon’tallowparkinghere.我們不允許在這兒停車。Thepolicedon’tallowpeopletoparkhere.警察不允許在這兒停車。7.need,require,want譯作“需要”時(shí),跟動詞ing形式作賓語,主動表示被動,相當(dāng)于tobedone,如:Thewindowsrequirecleaning.Thewindowsrequiretobecleaned.窗子要擦了。8.在一些固定表達(dá)中用ing形式,不用不定式:can’thelpdoing,beworthdoing,devote…todoing,lookforwardtodoing,be/get/becomeusedtodoing,objecttodoing,thank…fordoing,excuse…fordoing等。Einsteindevotedhislifetomakingaresearchinscience.愛因斯坦終身致力于科學(xué)研究。I’mlookingforwardtogettingyourletter.我期盼收到你的來信。清單三:動詞-ing形式與-ed形式作形容詞時(shí)的區(qū)別
10動詞-ing形式在句中作定語,表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動作,它與主語中心詞之間存在著主謂關(guān)系。動詞的-ed形式在句中作定語,表示一個(gè)已完成的或被動的動作,它與中心詞之間存在著動賓關(guān)系。如:Thiswasbecausetherewasnomachineallowingapersontobreatheunderwaterforalongtime.這是因?yàn)闆]有一臺可以讓人在水下長時(shí)間呼吸的機(jī)器。WeliveinaplacecalledGumTree.我們住在一個(gè)叫做桉樹村的地方。Takeawaythebrokenglass.把那個(gè)被打碎的玻璃杯拿走。Thesleepingbabyishers.那個(gè)睡著的孩子是她的。走進(jìn)中考動詞的-ing形式做主語1.—DidyouhaveanyproblemsinLondon?—Yes,______Chinesefoodlikerice,noodlesanddumplings.A.findB.foundC.findingD.tofind2.—What’smadeyousoupset?—_____threeticketstothepopmusicconcert.A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseoflosingD.SinceIlost
11動詞-ing的形式作賓語3.Samenjoys_______stamps.Andnowhehas266ofthem. A.tocollectB.collectedC.collectsD.collecting4.We’relookingforwardto______theWorldCup2006inGermany.A.visitingB.watchingC.looking5.Wouldyoumind______moreslowly?Ican’tfellowyou. A.speakB.spokeC.spokenD.speaking只能跟-ing形式的動詞或短語6.“Wouldyoumind_____themusic?”“No,notatall.” A.turnonB.toturnoverC.turningon7.—Areyouafraidof_____athome,Linda?—No,I’vegrownup.A.aloneB.beingaloneC.lonelyD.beinglonely8.WhenI_____thefarm,thechildrenhavefinished_____theapple.A.reach;pickingB.got;pickingC.came;pickedD.arrivedin;topick
12既能跟-ing形式又能跟不定式作賓語的動詞9.—Where’sMrYu,doyouknow?—Well,it’shardtosay.ButIsawhim_____.A.waswatchingB.watchingC.hadwatchedD.watched10.Sheoughttostop______,shehasaheadachebecauseshe______toolong.A.towork,wasreadingB.towork,hasread C.working,hasreadD.working,read11.Janelikessinging,weoftenhearher______afterclass.A.singB.tosingC.singsD.sang動詞-ing形式與-ed形式作形容詞時(shí)的區(qū)別12.—What____newsitwas!—Yes,allofthechildrenwere_____.A.excited;excitingB.exciting;excited C.exciting;excitingD.excited;excited13.Thedoctor_____a______boyyesterday.A.hadsaved,dyingB.saved,deadC.hassaved,deadD.saved,dying
13中考熱身1.Listen!Canyouhearthebaby_____?A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.cries2.—Doyoulikesports?—Sure,Iamlookingforwardto______the28tholympicgames______inGreecethisAugustonTV.A.watch;tobeheldB.watching;beingheldC.watching;tobeheldD.watch;held3.Heaskedmetogiveupworkingonthismathsproblem.It’stoodifficult.Here“giveupworking”means______.A.goonworkingB.stopworkingC.stoptpworkD.workout4.Theboy_____intheteacher’sofficewasfound______yesterday.A.standing;smokeB.syanding;smorkingC.stood;smokeD.stood;smoking5.—Doyoustillremenber_______mesomewhereinshanghai?—Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw
147.Wouldyoumind_____mehow______Englishwords?A.tell;torememberB.telling;rememberC.telling;torememberD.tell;remember8.—IsJimathomebyhimself?—No.there’sanotherboy_____withhim.A.playingB.playC.playsD.toplay9.—Haveyoufinishedthework?—Notyet,butnomatterhowharditis,we’llkeep____untilwemakeit.A.failedB.tryingC.triedD.failing10.—Doyouwanttoeatsomething?—_____,thanks.Iamfeelingsicknow.Idon’tfeellike_____.A.Yes;eatingsomethingB.No;toeatanythingC.Yes,toeatanythingD.No;eatingsomething