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1、CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU第二節(jié)核酸的結(jié)構(gòu)?核酸的化學(xué)組成核酸I核甘酸i.一磷酸.昔CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU戊糖堿基DNA:D?2.脫氧核糖A,G,C,TRNA:D2核糖A,G,C,U?核酸的元素組成C、H、O、N、P(9-10%)CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU、核酸的基本結(jié)構(gòu)單位核甘酸Phosphate0—PIIO0核昔(nucleoside)核昔酸(nucleotide)CollegeofLif

2、eSciences,CNU(一)堿基(base)1.嗑唬堿(Pyrimidine)HCH爪3526CHIICH嚴(yán)NCHIII0NHCytosineoneNH、NIC.H夕o/HThvmine(DNA)HN，、CHJLqHONHUracil(RNA)2.喋吟堿(Purine)Hc/Nn8"NHc—c'54/Hc13n，12二NICHCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUAdenineGuanineCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU■其它喋

3、吟衍生物HypoxanthineXanthineIIUricacid次黃嚅吟（I）黃嘿吟（X）尿酸茶葉堿（1,3.二甲基黃喋吟）可可堿（3,7-二甲基黃嚓吟）咖啡堿（1,3,7■■三甲基黃嘿吟）CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU3.稀有堿基(minorbases)5-Methy1cytidine5-Hydroxyinethylcytidine7Vb-MethyladenosineRibosePseudouridine假尿昔4-ThiouridineCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU(二

4、)核昔(nucleoside)?戊糖CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUHOI1H—C—OHI2H—C—OHH—C—

5、OHI4H2cpHi>RiboseH—C—H

6、2Furanoseformofi>2-Deoxyribose3-D-2-DeoxyribofuranoseFuranoseformofD-Ribose^-ihRibofuranoseH—C—OH3H-C——OHI4IIoCOII-5d-2-DeoxyriboseCollegeofLifeSci

7、ences,CNU核糖脫氧核糖CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU離我基C最遠(yuǎn)的手性C原子?OH的取向:?在環(huán)面上方…P式（與Cs?CH20H同向）(HO*,曲」C-HMB3CH2OHL-GlyceraldehydeCHO■.CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU.ch2ohD-Glyceraldehyde?在右側(cè)一D型CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU?核糖核昔Ci'?N9糖

8、昔鍵腺昔Cj.Ni糖普鍵尿昔鳥昔胞昔CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU(三)核昔酸(nucleotide)1.核糖核昔酸CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUoPMHO(A,G,C,U)5—NMPCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU腺昔酸(5-AMP)尿昔酸(5-UMP)0"II0鳥昔酸(5?GMP)_-olpno_-oIphmo胞昔酸(5-CMP)CollegeofLifeS

9、ciences,CNU1.脫氧核糖核昔酸CollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUoPH-O(A,G,C,T)5-dNMPCollegeofLifeSciences,CNUCollegeofLifeSciences,CNU-o脫氧腺昔酸(5—dAMP)脫氧胸昔酸(5-dTMP)-o脫氧鳥甘酸(5?dGMP)脫氧胞甘酸(5'?dCMP)3.多磷酸核甘酸NMP（5'?核普單磷酸）IINDP（5'?核昔二磷酸）IINTP（5'?核昔三磷酸）?5-NTP和5-dNTP

10、分別為RNA、DNA合成的前體。?ATP是通用的能量載體。?UTP,CTP,GTP分別參與糖原、磷脂和蛋白質(zhì)的合成。CollegeofLifeSciences,CNU核糖系列Abbreviationsofribonucleoside5-phosphatesBaseMono-Di-Tri-AdenineAMPADPATPGuanineGMPGDP