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1、植物生理學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)題（ReviewofPlantPhysiology）Chapter1waterphysiologyofplants(emphasis)Waterpotential:thedifferencebetweenthechemicalpotentialofaqueoussolutionandthechemicalpotentialofpurewaterdividedbythepartialmolarvolumeofwater.Apoplasticpathway:themovementofwaterthroughthecellwalls,cellspaces,etc.wi

2、thoutcytoplasm,withlittleresistanceandrapidmovement.InthePlastidpathway:themovementofwaterfromthecytoplasmofonecellthroughtheplasmodesmatatothecytoplasmofanothercell,formingacytoplasmiccontinuumthatmovesataslowerrate.IntheOsmosis:waterfromthewatersystemthroughthesemipermeablemembranetothesy

3、stemmovingphenomenonoflowwaterpotential.Rootpressure:thepressureproducedbywaterpotentialenteringthemiddlecolumnduetothegradientofwaterpotential.IntheTranspiration:aphenomenoninwhichwaterisreleasedfromthebodythroughthesurfaceoftheplant(mainlyleaves)inagaseousstate.CohesionTheory:thewaterhasg

4、reatcohesiveforcetoresistthetension,guaranteedbytheleafZhigencolumntoexplainthereasonfortheriseofthecontinuouswatertheory.IntheCriticalperiodofwater:aperiodinwhichplantsareparticularlysensitivetowaterdeficit.1.,theplantcellswereplacedinpurewaterand1mol/Lsucrosesolution.Whatwerethechangesofo

5、smoticpotential,pressurepotential,waterpotentialandcellvolumeofthecells?Answer:inpurewater,eachindexincreases;inthecanesugar,eachindexreduces.4.howdoesmoistureentertherootcanal?Howdoeswatertransporttoleaves?Answer:therearethreewaystoentertherootinthecatheter:Apoplasticpathway:themovementofw

6、aterthroughcellwalls,cellspaces,etc.withoutcytoplasm,withlittleresistanceandrapidmovement.IntheTransmembranepathway:themovementofwaterfromonecelltoanotherthroughtheplasmamembranetwotimesandthroughthevacuolemembrane.InthePlastidpathway:themovementofwaterfromonecell'scytoplasmthroughplasmodes

7、matatothecytoplasmofanothercell,formingacytoplasmiccontinuumthatmovesataslowerrate.Thesethreepathwaysworktogethertoabsorbmoisturefromtheroots.Thedrivingforceofrootwateruptakeisrootpressureandtranspirationtension.Themodeoftransporttotheleaves:transpiratio