資源描述：
《湖南省名校大聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語 Word版含解析.docx》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
高三第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語試卷注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是C。4.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodomostprobably?A.Gohiking.B.Visitashop.C.Havedinner2.Howdoesthemanfeelnow?A.Embarrassed.B.Refreshed.C.Surprised.3.What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Customer,andwaiter.C.Colleagues.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asong.B.Afan.C.Atrip.5.WhatdidthechildrenfailtodointheOceanPark?A.Watchdolphinshows.B.Seethewhitewhales.C.Feedtheseaturtles.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C
三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’sthedatetoday?A.It’sDecember23.B.It’sDecember24.C.It’sDecember25.7.Whatwillthespeakersgivetheirfather?A.Somemoney.B.Anair-conditioner.C.Someflowers.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inalibrary.C.Inacafeteria.9.Whathasthewomanbeenbusydoing?A.Meetingallherprofessors.B.Writingpapersforherclasses.C.Workingovertimeasalibrarian.10.Whatdoesthemangivethewoman?A.Apieceofadvice.B.Acupofcoffee.C.Somepapers.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whydidn’tthewomanhavetimetoexercise?A.Shehadtolookafterherdaughter.B.Shehadtolookafterherhusband.C.ShehadtoprepareforthecomingChristmas.12.Whatisthefirststeptoaccessinformation?A.Tappingthescreen.B.Downloadinganapp.C.Lightingupthreelights.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Gohome.B.Keeprunning.C.Meetherfriend.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14Howdidthewomanfeelaboutfindingajob?A.Difficult.B.Interesting.C.Necessary15.WhatdidthewomandoinShanghai?
A.Shetookatriptothecity.B.Sheinterviewedsomeone.C.Sheaskedforajob.16.Whendidthewomangetherfirstjob?A.In2007.B.In2013.C.In2014.17.Wheredoesthewomanexpecttoflyinthefuture?AInAmerica.B.InAfrica.C.InEurope.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Howcanplayersscoreinthegame?A.Bythrowinggarbageintotherightbins.B.Bycollectinggarbageasmuchaspossible.C.Byleavingtheleastgarbageattheendofthegame.19.Whatwasthemainpurposeofmakingthisgame?A.Tomakegarbagesortinginteresting.B.Toshowtheimportanceofgarbagesorting.C.Tospreadinformationongarbagesortingtotheyoung.20.WhatdoesZhouZhouthinkofthegame?A.It’sineffective.B.It’schallenging.C.It’shelpful第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAhugenumberofexchangeprogramsandsummerschoolprogramsareofferedtointernationalstudentsaroundforeignuniversitiesworldwide.Todayweexplainthetopstudentexchangeprograms-and-summerprogramsofferedtoforeignstudents.ViennaSummerSchoolViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternationalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.ThedurationofViennaSummerSchoolisfromSaturday,July1toAugust28,2023.
SUSIStudentLeadersProgramBachelor-levelstudentsinPakistanwhoareinterestedinthetopicofpublic,local,stateandfederalpolicymakingareinvitedtostudyintheUSAthroughtheshort-ternSUSIstudentprogram2023heldattheUniversityofMassachusetts.ThisisanexchangeprogramforPakistanistudents.AllexpensesandaccommodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgramTheHansenSummerInstituteforLeadershipisnowopenforthesummerexchangeprogram2023.TheHansensummerprogramofferstheopportunitytotheUSAandinternationalstudentstobuildbetterleadershipskillsandaculturalunderstandingenvironmentforthefuture.This3-weeksummerexchangeprogramisopenforundergraduate,graduate,anddoctoralstudentswithanyacademicbackground.IWPSummerExchangeProgramIWPSummerExchangeProgram2023isatwo-weekwritingandcultureexchangeprogramforPakistaniandIndianstudentsinIowaCity,USA.Theapplicantfrom18to22fromthesecountrieswithabackgroundinarthumanitiesiswelcometoapply.Thisprogramwillfocusoncreativityandisfreefortheselectedapplicants.Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.1.Whichprogramsuitsstudentswholikebiology?A.ViennaSummerSchool.B.SUSIStudentLeadersProgram.C.IWPSummerExchangeProgram.D.HansenLeadershipExchangeProgram.2.WhyshouldstudentsapplyforSUSIStudentLeadersProgramearly?A.Itisfullyfunded.B.Itisashort-termprogram.C.Itislimitedtopostgraduates.D.Itissupportedbythegovernment.3.WhatwillstudentsinIWPSummerExchangeProgramdo?A.Offerpolicyadvice.B.Conductresearch.C.Writeacademicpapers.D.Createartworks.【答案】1.A2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個(gè)國際交換生項(xiàng)目。
【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ViennaSummerSchool部分“ViennaSummerSchoolprovidesanincredibleopportunityfor30bachelor-levelstudentstoresearchsidebysidewithworldtopresearchersinthefieldofbioengineering.Thispaidsummerprogramaimstoattractinternationalstudentsandcreateanexcellentresearchenvironment.Thisisaperfectopportunityforthosestudentswhoareinterestedinthefieldoflifescience.(維也納暑期學(xué)校為30名學(xué)士級(jí)學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)令人難以置信的機(jī)會(huì)，讓他們與生物工程領(lǐng)域的世界頂尖研究人員并肩研究。這個(gè)帶薪暑期項(xiàng)目旨在吸引國際學(xué)生，并創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的研究環(huán)境。對(duì)于那些對(duì)生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域感興趣的學(xué)生來說，這是一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，ViennaSummerSchool適合對(duì)生物學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SUSIStudentLeadersProgram部分“AllexpensesandaccommodationcostswillbecoveredbySUSI,sotheapplicationperiodisveryshort.(所有費(fèi)用和住宿費(fèi)用將由SUSI承擔(dān)，因此申請(qǐng)期很短)”可知，因?yàn)樗械馁M(fèi)用和住宿費(fèi)用都由舉辦方承擔(dān)，所以這個(gè)項(xiàng)目需要早早申請(qǐng)。故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IWPSummerExchangeProgram部分“Theselectedcandidateswillworktogetheronthecreationofpaintingsandsculptures.(被選中的候選人將共同創(chuàng)作繪畫和雕塑作品)”可知，學(xué)生們將會(huì)一起合作創(chuàng)作繪畫和雕塑作品，即一起創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品。故選D。BVisionaryarchitectsdesignbuildingswhichspeakforthemselves.Fromtoweringconcretepillarstosculpturalmodernistdomes(穹頂),theworkofBalkrishnaVithaldasDoshidefinedIndianarchitectureforthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury.KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.BornonAugust26,1927,inPune,southeastofMumbai,Doshigrewupwithhisfatherandgrandfather,afurnituremaker.Asachildhecametoappreciatehowtheirhousegrewandchanged.In1947,shortlybeforeIndianindependence,hebeganarchitectureschool.However,heneverfinished,afactwhichhe’dlaterpointtoinlifeasanadvantage.HemarriedhiswifeKamalaParikhin1955.Whenshepassedaway,Doshilivedinahousehedesignedandnamedforhisbelovedwife.DoshiwasinfluencedbythefamousSwiss-FrencharchitectknownasLeCorbusier.DoshistudiedwithhiminParisandthenreturnedtoIndiatosupervisethearchitect’sworkinAhmedabad.In1956,DoshifoundedhisownfirmcalledVastushilpa.Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,and
evenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.“Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach,”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi’sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional.”4.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“versatile”inparagraph1?A.Popular.B.modestC.forward-looking.D.well-rounded5.WhatdoweknowaboutDoshi’slife?A.Hehadamiserablechildhood.B.Heregrettedleavingschoolearly.C.Hemadeacontributiontohighereducationinarchitecture.D.HesetuphiscompanyundertheguidanceofLeCorbusier.6.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebyquotingDoshi’swords?A.ThepublicsupportforDoshi.B.TheoriginalityofDoshi’sworks.C.Doshi’sopenmindonchanges.D.Doshi’sloveofarchitecturaldesign.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.TogiveabriefaccountofDoshi’slife.B.ToencouragepeopletovisitDoshi’sworks.C.TorememberIndia’sgreatarchitectDoshi.D.ToadvertiseDoshi’sarchitecturalphilosophy.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.C【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了印度建筑大師巴克里希納?多西的事跡?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.(被稱為B.V.Doshi，他是一位versatile現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，他設(shè)計(jì)了從無障礙住房項(xiàng)目到班加羅爾印度管理學(xué)院的所有項(xiàng)目)”可知，巴克里希納?多西既可以設(shè)計(jì)普通民用住宅，又可以設(shè)計(jì)大型學(xué)院建筑，他是一位多才多藝的建筑師，推測(cè)劃線單詞表示“多才多藝的”，與well-rounded同義。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Hetraveledtheworldlecturingatuniversities,workedwithotherfamousarchitects,andevenfoundedtheCenterforEnvironmentalPlanningandTechnology(nowCEPTUniversity)focusingonunderstanding,designing,planning,constructingandmanaginghumanhabitats.(他周游世界，在大學(xué)演講，與其他著名建筑師合作，甚至成立了環(huán)境規(guī)劃與技術(shù)中心（現(xiàn)為CEPT大學(xué)），專注于了解、設(shè)計(jì)、規(guī)劃、建設(shè)和管理人類棲息地)”可知，巴克里希納?多西環(huán)球游學(xué)傳播建筑學(xué)知識(shí)，并創(chuàng)辦了CEPT大學(xué)的前身，他對(duì)高等建筑教育做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Wedidnotwanttoimitatesomeoneelse’sapproach,”hetoldtheLouisianaMuseumofModernArtin2018.“Wewantedtofindourownidentity.”HedrewfromhisprideinIndianculturetocreateastyledistinctfromWesterndesigns.“Ithinkofmybuildingsasmyfriends,myfamily,”hesaid.“Ihaveaconversationwiththem,andthat’showIcreatenichesandstaircasesandopeningsandgardens…mybuildingsarenotonlypureandclearbutdesignedtoanticipatechanges.(“我們不想模仿別人的方法，”他在2018年告訴路易斯安那現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館?！拔覀兿胝业阶约旱奶卣鳌！彼米约簩?duì)印度文化的自豪感，創(chuàng)造了一種不同于西方設(shè)計(jì)的風(fēng)格?！拔野盐业慕ㄖ醋魇俏业呐笥眩业募胰?，”他說?！拔液退鼈冞M(jìn)行對(duì)話，這就是我創(chuàng)造壁龕、樓梯、開口和花園的方式……我的建筑不僅純凈清晰，而且設(shè)計(jì)用于預(yù)測(cè)變化)”可推知，作者引用多西的話是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)了其建筑的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，他不去追隨和模仿別人，而是追尋獨(dú)創(chuàng)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“KnownasB.V.Doshi,hewasaversatilemodernistarchitect—hedesignedeverythingfromaccessiblehousingprojectstotheIndianInstituteofManagementinBangalore.Sadly,thegreatarchitectdiedonJanuary24,2023,attheageof95,leavingbehindafascinatinglegacy.(被稱為B.V.Doshi，他是一位多才多藝的現(xiàn)代主義建筑師，他設(shè)計(jì)了從無障礙住房項(xiàng)目到班加羅爾印度管理學(xué)院的所有項(xiàng)目。不幸的是，這位偉大的建筑師于2023年1月24日去世，享年95歲，留下了令人著迷的遺產(chǎn))
”、以及最后一段“Asidefromhismodernworks,Doshiwasdevotedtocreatingworkstobenefitthepoor.HedesignedtheAranyaLowCostHousingProjectinIndore.ThephotographerIwanBaan,whophotographedsomeofDoshi’sworks,describedtheartistas“themostapproachablearchitectIknow.Evenverypoorpeopleinhispublichousingprojectsknewhim,whichisexceptional.”(除了他的現(xiàn)代作品，多西還致力于創(chuàng)作造福窮人的作品。他設(shè)計(jì)了印多爾的Aranya低成本住房項(xiàng)目。攝影師IwanBaan拍攝了多西的一些作品，他形容這位藝術(shù)家是“我認(rèn)識(shí)的最平易近人的建筑師。即使是他公共住房項(xiàng)目中的窮人也認(rèn)識(shí)他，這是非同尋常的?！?”可知，本文講述了印度建筑大師巴克里希納?多西的事跡，并贊美了逝者的品德，表達(dá)了人們對(duì)逝者的敬意，本文寫作的目的是為了紀(jì)念印度偉大的建筑師多希。故選C。CPFASarefoundinnonstickpans,water-prooffabricsandfoodpackaging.They’recalledforeverchemicalsbecauseoftheirabilitytostickaroundandnotbreakdown.Now,usingabitofheatandtworelativelycommoncompounds,researchershavedegraded(降解)thechemicalinthelab.WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.TheteamworkedspecificallyonagroupofforeverchemicalswhichcontainalargepercentageofPFAS.WhentheteamcombinedchemicalswiththelyeandDMSOat120℃andwithnoextrapressureneeded,thecarbolicacid(羧酸)felloffthechemicalsandbecamecarbondioxide.“Whathappenednextwasunexpected,”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.“It’saneatmethod;it’sdifferentfromothersthathavebeentried,”saysChrisSales,anenvironmentalengineeratDrexelUniversityinPhiladelphiawhowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals,”Salessaid.Thisprocesswouldn’tworktodealwithPFASintheenvironment,becauseitrequiresaconcentratedamountofthechemicals,butitcouldonedaybeusedinwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethepollutantscouldbefilteredoutofthewater,concentratedandthenbrokendown.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepreviouswaystobreakdownPFAS?A.They’reeco-friendly.B.They’vebeenwidelyused.C.They’redifficulttooperate.D.They’reregardedasuseless.
9.Whatdidtheteamdointheirexperiment?A.Theyexperimentedwithdifferentsolvents.B.Theytriedtwoverycommonsubstances.C.Theytestedeverygroupofforeverchemicals,D.Theyexposedchemicalstoextremetemperatures.10.Whatmadetheresearchersmostsurprisedintheirexperiment?A.Environmentally-friendlyreactionsoccurred.B.Thecarboxylicacidbecamecarbondioxide.C.Noextrapressurewasneededforthetrial.D.ThelyeandDMSOcouldworkat120℃,11.WhatcanweinferfromChrisSales’words?A.ItisdifficulttodealwithPFASintheenvironment.B.Thismechanismwillsoonbeusedintheenvironment.C.Themethodwillbeappliedtodifferentkindsofchemicals.D.Moreresearchisneededbeforethemethodiswidelyused.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。PFAS存在于不粘鍋、防水織物和食品包裝中，因?yàn)闊o法降解而被稱為永久化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如今研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種利用一點(diǎn)熱量和兩種相對(duì)常見的化合物就能降解這種物質(zhì)的方法。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhilesomescientistshavefoundrelativelysimplewaysofbreakingdownselectPFAS,mostdegradationmethodsrequireharshprocessesusingintensepressure—insomecasesover22mega-pascals—orextremelyhightemperatures—sometimesupwardsof1,000℃—tobreakthechemicalbonds.(雖然一些科學(xué)家已經(jīng)找到了相對(duì)簡單的方法來分解選定的PFAS，但大多數(shù)降解方法都需要使用高壓（在某些情況下超過22兆帕斯卡）或極高溫度（有時(shí)高達(dá)1000℃）來破壞化學(xué)鍵的苛刻過程。)”可知，之前分解PFAS的方法很難操作。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“WilliamDichtel,fromNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,andhisteamexperimentedwithtwosubstancesfoundinnearlyeverychemistrylab;sodiumhydroxide(氫氧化鈉),alsoknownaslye,andasolvent(溶劑)calledDMSO.(來自埃文斯頓西北大學(xué)的威廉·迪
赫特爾和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)用幾乎在每個(gè)化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室都能找到的兩種物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)：氫氧化鈉，也被稱為堿液，以及一種叫做二甲基亞砜的溶劑。)”可知，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中嘗試了兩種非常常見的物質(zhì)。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句““Whathappenednextwasunexpected,”Dichtelsaid.Thelossoftheacidhelpeddegradethechemicalsintofluorideions(氟離子)andsmallercarbon-containingproducts,leavingbehindnoharmfulby-products.(“接下來發(fā)生的事情出乎意料?！钡虾仗貭栒f。酸的流失有助于將化學(xué)物質(zhì)降解成氟離子和更小的含碳產(chǎn)物，不會(huì)留下有害的副產(chǎn)品。)”可知，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，最讓研究人員感到驚訝的是發(fā)生了環(huán)境友好的反應(yīng)。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒第二段最后一句中的“Thebiggestquestionishowthiscouldbeadaptedandscaledup.Understandingthismechanismisjustonestepinundoingforeverchemicals(最大的問題是如何適應(yīng)和擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。了解這種機(jī)制只是消除永久化學(xué)物質(zhì)的一步)”可知，從ChrisSales的話中可以推斷出在該方法得到廣泛應(yīng)用之前還需要進(jìn)行更多的研究。故選D。DTheideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistoricalperiods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmenborninthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthosebornintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisareductioninthehumanmetabolicrate(代謝率)duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashard
tostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.”Theenvironmentthatwe’relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinourhomes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms(微生物)andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.Allthesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhumanevolution,we’renotthesame.We’reactuallychangingphysiologically,”Parsonnetsaid.12.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich’sachievement?A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.13.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam’sstudy?A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.C.Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.14.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.15.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?C.HumanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyearsD.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類的平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫在下降，傳統(tǒng)意義上的37℃的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫已經(jīng)不適用于所有人?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirst
presentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.(1851年，德國醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點(diǎn)。)”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(最近的研究表明，與公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低)”可知，CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich提出人類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫大約是37℃。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)),sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depthstudytocomparemodernmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybodytemperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.(最近的研究表明，與公認(rèn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較低，因此，由醫(yī)學(xué)、健康研究與政策教授JulieParsonnet醫(yī)學(xué)博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的斯坦福大學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)決定進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)更深入的研究，將現(xiàn)代測(cè)量值與歷史記錄進(jìn)行比較，試圖確定體溫趨勢(shì)，揭示這種冷卻現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因。)”及第三段關(guān)于兩個(gè)不同歷史時(shí)期體溫的對(duì)比可知，該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)比研究了歷史和當(dāng)前的人體體溫?cái)?shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Onepossibilityisthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceofinflammations(炎癥),whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmorecomfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn’thavetoworkashardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.(一種可能性是，200多年來公共衛(wèi)生的改善降低了炎癥的發(fā)生率，炎癥可以促進(jìn)新陳代謝。這與人們?cè)诟€(wěn)定的環(huán)境中過著更舒適的生活相結(jié)合，意味著身體不必為了保暖而努力工作，因此平均溫度會(huì)下降。)”可推知，生活條件的改善使人類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫降低。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由第一段“Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it’sbecomesowidelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth—adiagnostictoolusedbyphysiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,itturnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn’t,infact,correct—or,toputitmoreaccurately,humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.(1851年，德國醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約為37℃的觀點(diǎn)。從那時(shí)起，它被廣泛接受，成為健康的試金石——醫(yī)生和父母使用的診斷工具，作為判斷某人是否生病或健康的基本指標(biāo)。然而，事實(shí)證明，事實(shí)上，這個(gè)公認(rèn)的事實(shí)是不正確的——或者，更準(zhǔn)確地說，人類多年來一直在變冷。)”
以及后文可知，本文介紹了斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究：自19世紀(jì)末以來，人類的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體溫有所下降，由此推斷，C項(xiàng)Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears(人體溫度多年來一直在下降)為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Bornin1961Snoussi,aFrenchman,firstcametoChinain1983.Atthattime,hewasalawstudentatAix-en-ProvenceUniversityandaccompaniedhisfatheronabusinesstriptoChina.____16____InMarch2006,SnoussimovedtoNingbotohelphisfatherwhohadsetuphisexportbusiness.Afterlivingthereformorethansevenyears,SnoussirealizedthatwhathemissedmostwasatraditionalFrenchbakery.“____17____,whichmadeChinese,Korean,orEuropean-stylebread,butwecouldn’tfindthatspecificFrenchtaste.Itwasunlikeourdailybread,becauseinmyhomecountry,breadisabitlikericeinChina,”heexplained.InJune2013,Snoussiopenedanauthentic(正宗的)FrenchbakeryinNingbo.Thoughhehadnobakingexperience,hequicklylearnedtheropesfromaFrenchbaker.____18____.WhatmakesMonEpoqueuniqueisitsauthenticFrenchidentity,whichguaranteesagenuineFrenchtasteeveryday.“WeareoneofthefewFrenchbakeriesinChinathatdirectlyimportsflourfromFrance,producedintheCognacregionfromFrenchwheat.____19____.Thesearethetwomostimportantingredientsinbaking.Thisallowsustoguaranteethesametasteandqualitydayin,dayout.Wepayattentiontothequalityandthetasteofourproductssothatourpatronscanexperiencethesamefeelingeveryday,”hesaid.____20____.In2008,hedonatedover30,000yuan($4,300)toWenchuaninSichuanProvince.InNingbo,hedonatedT-shirtsforstudentswithdisabilitiesandgavescholarshipstooutstandingstudentsataschool.Forseveralyears,hesponsored(贊助)thePinkRibbonCampaignorganizedbyateamofforeignwomentoraiseawarenessaboutbreastcancer.Healsosponsoredactivitiestoencouragemorepeopletolookafterstraydogs.A.ThisFrenchbakerwasfamousforhisuniquebakeryB.SnoussiiskeenonsocialactivitiesinNingboC.ThebutterusedisalsoimportedfromFranceD.SnoussienjoyshelpingpeopleinneedE.ThisvisitwasacultureshockforhimF.HenamedhisbrandMonEpoqueG.WehadgoodbakeriesinNingbo【答案】16.E17.G18.F19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了一位名叫斯努西的法國人在中國寧波開特色法式面包店的故事。
【16題詳解】根據(jù)第一段“Bornin1961,Snoussi,aFrenchman,firstcametoChinain1983.Atthattime,hewasalawstudentatAix-en-ProvenceUniversityandaccompaniedhisfatheronabusinesstriptoChina.(斯努西出生于1961年，是法國人，1983年第一次來到中國。當(dāng)時(shí)，他是普羅旺斯艾克斯大學(xué)法律系的學(xué)生，隨父親去中國出差。)”可知，斯努西是普羅旺斯艾克斯大學(xué)的一名法律系學(xué)生，陪同父親前往中國出差，這是他第一次來到中國，這次訪問對(duì)他來說是一次文化沖擊。所以選擇項(xiàng)E“Thisvisitwasacultureshockforhim(這次訪問對(duì)他來說是一次文化沖擊)”符合上下文語境，選項(xiàng)中的“Thisvisit”指代的是斯努西首次中國行。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后半句“whichmadeChinese,Korean,orEuropean-stylebread,butwecouldn’tfindthatspecificFrenchtaste.(它生產(chǎn)中國、韓國或歐洲風(fēng)格的面包，但我們找不到那種特別的法國味道。)”可知，在寧波有很好的面包店，生產(chǎn)中國、韓國或歐洲風(fēng)格的面包，但找不到那種特定的法國味道。所以選擇項(xiàng)G“WehadgoodbakeriesinNingbo(我們?cè)趯幉ㄓ泻芎玫拿姘?”符合上下文語境，選項(xiàng)中的which指代逗號(hào)前面的內(nèi)容。故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)前文“InJune2013,Snoussiopenedanauthentic(正宗的)FrenchbakeryinNingbo.Thoughhehadnobakingexperience,hequicklylearnedtheropesfromaFrenchbaker.(2013年6月，斯努西在寧波開了一家正宗的法式烘焙店。雖然他沒有烘焙經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但他很快就從一位法國面包師那里學(xué)會(huì)了訣竅。)”可知，斯努西在寧波開設(shè)了一家正宗的法式面包店，并從一位法國面包師那里學(xué)會(huì)了做面包的訣竅，將自己的品牌命名為MonEpoque。所以選擇項(xiàng)F“HenamedhisbrandMonEpoque(他把自己的品牌命名為MonEpoque)”符合上下文語境。本題很容易誤選A項(xiàng)，但是如果選A項(xiàng)，則下一段中的MonEpoque出現(xiàn)太突然，段落銜接不上。故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)前句“WeareoneofthefewFrenchbakeriesinChinathatdirectlyimportsflourfromFrance,producedintheCognacregionfromFrenchwheat.(我們是中國少數(shù)幾家直接從法國進(jìn)口面粉的法國面包店之一，這些面粉是在干邑地區(qū)用法國小麥生產(chǎn)的。)”可知，斯努西的面包店直接從法國進(jìn)口面粉，所用的黃油也是從法國進(jìn)口的。所以選擇項(xiàng)C“ThebutterusedisalsoimportedfromFrance(所用的黃油也是從法國進(jìn)口的)”符合上下文語境，選擇項(xiàng)中的“also”是解題關(guān)鍵。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“In2008,hedonatedover30,000yuan($4,300)toWenchuaninSichuanProvince.InNingbo,hedonatedT-shirtsforstudentswithdisabilitiesandgavescholarshipstooutstandingstudentsataschool.For
severalyears,hesponsored(贊助)thePinkRibbonCampaignorganizedbyateamofforeignwomentoraiseawarenessaboutbreastcancer.Healsosponsoredactivitiestoencouragemorepeopletolookafterstraydogs.(2008年，他向四川汶川捐贈(zèng)了3萬多元人民幣(合4300美元)。在寧波，他為殘疾學(xué)生捐贈(zèng)t恤，并為一所學(xué)校的優(yōu)秀學(xué)生提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。幾年來，他贊助了由一群外國婦女組織的粉紅絲帶運(yùn)動(dòng)，以提高人們對(duì)乳腺癌的認(rèn)識(shí)。他還贊助了一些活動(dòng)，鼓勵(lì)更多的人照顧流浪狗。)”尤其是“donated”“sponsored”這兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞可知，本段主要是講斯努西樂善好施，愿意幫助有需要的人。所以選擇項(xiàng)D“Snoussienjoyshelpingpeopleinneed(斯諾西喜歡幫助有需要的人)”作為本段主題句最為合適。故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。DuringmystayattheUniversityofMichigan,oneoftheseniorprofessorsaskedmetojoinaseminaroncultureandemotion.Inageneral____21____ofself-introductions,Iintroducedmyselfina(n)____22____Dutchwayasoneofthosewhoare“interestedincultureandemotion”.Theprofessorsupplemented(補(bǔ)充)myself-introductionto____23____Americanstandards,sayingIwasoneoftheworld’sexpertsonthe____24____.Inresponse,Ilookeddownin____25____,andthoughtthat“expert”wasabigword.WhenIlivedinNorthCarolina,mynewfriendscameoverto____26____.Conversationswerefullofinterestandenergy,andtherewasalotof____27____.Attheendoftheevening,whenmyguestsleft,theythankedmeforthedinner.Myheart____28____,becauseIwasbornandraisedintheNetherlands,where“thankingfordinner”meanstherelationshipis____29____.Emotionsaredifferentenoughtofeeloutof____30____whenyoumovefromoneculturetoanother.TheprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganmeanttomakemefeel____31____,butinsteadmademeuncomfortable.Myfriendsmeanttoshow____32____,buttheymademethinktheyweredistancingthemselvesfromme.Wethinkaboutemotionsasfeelingsdeepinsideus,butin____33____,ouremotionshappenininteractionswithothers.Inmyownculture,itwashardtoobservethe____34____emotionsofothers,butIwasabletoseethemwhenImovedtotheUS—adifferent____35____fromwhereIwasraised.21.A.analysisB.stateC.letterD.round22.A.understatedB.interestingC.dramaticD.proud23.A.setB.fitC.evaluateD.recommend24.A.approachB.situationC.topicD.course25.A.curiosityB.pityC.disappointmentD.embarrassment
26.A.playB.dineC.workD.perform27.A.supportB.noiseC.funD.arguing28.A.sankB.meltedC.racedD.opened29.A.harmoniousB.normalC.strongD.distant30.A.dateB.shapeC.placeD.sight31.A.reliableB.goodC.seriousD.careful32.A.gratitudeB.respectC.admirationD.affection33.A.totalB.advanceC.detailD.reality34.A.unbelievableB.pureC.invisibleD.powerful35.A.levelB.cultureC.standardD.value【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.B32.A33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講作者從荷蘭到美國生活后感受到的感情差異。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在一場大概的自我介紹中，我以一種低調(diào)的方式介紹自己是“對(duì)文化和情感感興趣”的人之一。A.analysis分析；B.state狀態(tài)；C.letter字母；D.round場。由下文“Iintroducedmyself”可知，作者這里做了一“場”自我介紹。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在一場大概的自我介紹中，我以一種低調(diào)的方式介紹自己是“對(duì)文化和情感感興趣”的人之一。A.understated輕描淡寫的，低調(diào)的；B.interesting有趣的；C.dramatic戲劇性的；D.proud自豪的。由下文“‘expert’wasabigword”可知，作者在這里“低調(diào)地”介紹自己。故選A項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位教授補(bǔ)充了我的自我介紹，以符合美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，說我是這個(gè)話題的世界專家之一。A.set設(shè)置；B.fit適合；C.evaluate評(píng)估；D.recommend推薦。由下文“Americanstandards”以及語境可知，這位教授重新介紹了作者，以“適合”美國的方式介紹。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位教授補(bǔ)充了我的自我介紹，以符合美國的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，說我是這個(gè)話題的世界專家之一。A.approach方法；B.situation情況；C.topic主題，話題；D.course課程。由上文“interestedincultureandemotion”可知，這位教授認(rèn)為作者在cultureandemotion“話題”上是專家。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為回應(yīng)，我尷尬地低下了頭，認(rèn)為“專家”是個(gè)大詞。A.curiosity好奇；B.pity可憐；C.disappointment失望；D.embarrassment尷尬。由下文“thoughtthat‘expert’wasabigword”可知，作者認(rèn)為自己被抬高了，所以感覺“尷尬”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我住在北卡羅來納州時(shí)，我的新朋友來吃飯。A.play玩；B.dine就餐；C.work工作；D.perform表演。由下文“theythankedmeforthedinner”可知，朋友來作者家“就餐”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)話充滿了興趣和活力，也充滿了樂趣。A.support支助；B.noise噪聲；C.fun樂趣；D.arguing爭論。由上文“fullofinterestandenergy”可知，這其中也充滿了“樂趣”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我內(nèi)心一沉，因?yàn)槲以诤商m出生和長大，在那里“感謝晚餐”意味著這段關(guān)系是疏遠(yuǎn)的。A.sank下沉；B.melted熔化；C.raced跑；D.opened打開。由下文“where‘thankingfordinner’meanstherelationshipis 9 .”可知，作者認(rèn)為朋友這是疏遠(yuǎn)的舉動(dòng)，所以心里“一沉”，感到難受。故選A項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我內(nèi)心一沉，因?yàn)槲以诤商m出生和長大，在那里“感謝晚餐”意味著這段關(guān)系是疏遠(yuǎn)的。A.harmonious和諧的；B.normal正常的；C.strong強(qiáng)的；D.distant遙遠(yuǎn)的，疏遠(yuǎn)的。由下文“theyweredistancingthemselvesfromme”可知，作者這里認(rèn)為他們的關(guān)系是“疏遠(yuǎn)的”。故選D項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你從一種文化遷移到另一種文化時(shí)，情感的差異足以讓你感到格格不入。A.date日期；B.shape形狀；C.place地點(diǎn)；D.sight景象。由下文“movefromoneculturetoanother”以及語境可知，作者感覺從荷蘭到美國后，情感顯得格格不入，outofpalce意為“格格不入”符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：歇根大學(xué)的教授本想讓我感覺良好，但卻讓我感到不舒服。A.reliable可靠的；B.good好的；C.serious嚴(yán)重的；D.careful仔細(xì)的。由下文“insteadmademeuncomfortable”可知，原本教授的本意是讓作者感覺“良好”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友們本想表示由衷的感激，但他們讓我覺得他們?cè)谑柽h(yuǎn)我。A.gratitude感激；B.respect尊重；C.admiration欽佩；D.affection感情。由上文“theythankedmeforthedinner.”可知，原本朋友是為了“感謝”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們認(rèn)為情感是我們內(nèi)心深處的感受，但在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中，我們的情感發(fā)生在與他人的互動(dòng)中。A.total總計(jì)；B.advance進(jìn)展；C.detail細(xì)節(jié)；D.reality現(xiàn)實(shí)。由下文“ouremotionshappenininteractionswithothers.”以及語境可知，作者這里通過現(xiàn)實(shí)的例子說明，在“現(xiàn)實(shí)”生活中，情感是互動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在我自己文化中，很難觀察到別人看不見的情感，但當(dāng)我搬到美國時(shí)，我能夠看到它們——這與我成長的地方不同。A.unbelievable難以置信的；B.pure純的；C.invisible看不見的；D.powerful強(qiáng)大的。由下文“butIwasabletosee”中but和語境可知，這些情感實(shí)際上是“難以看見的”。故選C項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我自己的文化中，很難觀察到別人看不見的情感，但當(dāng)我搬到美國時(shí)，我能夠看到它們——這與我成長的地方不同。A.level水平；B.culture文化；C.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D.value價(jià)值。由上文“Inmyownculture”可知，作者這里指在美國，這種“文化”是不同的。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。3Dbio-printinginsidethehumanbodycouldbepossiblethankstoanewsoftrobot.Thedevicefeatures____36____printingheaddirectlymountedontothetipofasoftroboticarm.Thisprintinghead,____37____consistsofsoftartificialmusclesthatallowittomoveinthreedirections,worksvery____38____(similar)toconventionaldesktop3Dprinters.Thesoftroboticarmcanbendandtwistandcanbemadeatanylength____39____(require).Theprintingnozzle(噴嘴)canbeprogrammedtoprintper-determinedshapes,oroperatedmanually.____40____addition,aresearchteamusedamachinelearning-basedcontrollerwhichcanaidtheprintingprocess.Theteam____41____(explain)howthedevicecouldpotentiallybeusedasanall-in-onesurgicaltooltoperformarangeof____42____(function).Theysaidthiscouldbeespeciallyimportantinsurgery____43____(remove)certaincancers.Theabilitytocarryoutsuchmulti-functionalprocedures____44____(demonstrate)onapig’sintestine(腸)lastmonthandtheresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthedeviceisa____45____(promise)candidateforthefuture
developmentofanall-in-oneendoscopicsurgicaltool.Thenextstageofdevelopmentforthesystemisinvivo(活體的)testingonlivinganimalstodemonstrateitspracticaluse.【答案】36.a37.which38.similarly39.required40.In41.explained42.functions43.toremove44.wasdemonstrated45.promising【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一種未來很有可能大有開發(fā)前景的一體式內(nèi)窺鏡手術(shù)工具。【36題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：該設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)是一個(gè)打印頭直接安裝在軟機(jī)械臂的尖端。printinghead在文中第一次出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示泛指，printing是輔音音素開頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故填a?！?7題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這種打印頭由柔軟的人造肌肉組成，可以向三個(gè)方向移動(dòng)，其工作原理與傳統(tǒng)的臺(tái)式3D打印機(jī)非常相似。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thisprintinghead，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)從句。故填which?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這種打印頭由柔軟的人造肌肉組成，可以向三個(gè)方向移動(dòng)，其工作原理與傳統(tǒng)的臺(tái)式3D打印機(jī)非常相似?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞works，應(yīng)用副詞形式作狀語，similarly是副詞，表示“相似地”，符合題意。故填similarly。【39題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：柔軟的機(jī)械臂可以彎曲和扭曲，可以制成任何需要的長度。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，require與邏輯主語length之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式required作后置定語。故填required?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：此外，一個(gè)研究小組使用了一種基于機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的控制器，該控制器可以幫助打印過程。inaddition是固定短語，表示“此外”，所以空處應(yīng)用介詞in，置于句首，首字母大寫。故填I(lǐng)n?！?1題詳解】
考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：該團(tuán)隊(duì)解釋了該設(shè)備如何可能被用作一體式手術(shù)工具，以執(zhí)行一系列功能。根據(jù)句中couldbeused可知，句子使用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式形式explained。故填explained?！?2題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：該團(tuán)隊(duì)解釋了該設(shè)備如何可能被用作一體式手術(shù)工具，以執(zhí)行一系列功能。function表示“功能”，為可數(shù)名詞，arangeof為固定短語，表示“一系列的”，后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式functions。故填functions?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們說，這在清除某些癌癥的手術(shù)中可能特別重要。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作非謂語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語意可知，手術(shù)是為了清除某些癌癥，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式形式作目的狀語。故填toremove?！?4題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：上個(gè)月，在一只豬的腸道上展示了進(jìn)行這種多功能手術(shù)的能力，研究人員表示，研究結(jié)果表明該設(shè)備是未來開發(fā)一體化內(nèi)窺鏡手術(shù)工具的一個(gè)很有前途的候選者。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語lastmonth可知，句子應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，demonstrate與主語Theability之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且主語Theability是單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用was。故填wasdemonstrated?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：上個(gè)月，在一只豬的腸道上展示了進(jìn)行這種多功能手術(shù)的能力，研究人員表示，研究結(jié)果表明該設(shè)備是未來開發(fā)一體化內(nèi)窺鏡手術(shù)工具的一個(gè)很有前途的候選者?？仗幮揎椕~candidate，應(yīng)用形容詞形式作定語，promising是形容詞，表示“有前途的”，符合題意。故填promising。第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.假定你是李華，你校將在本周六上午邀請(qǐng)著名宇航員MrYang來作一場報(bào)告。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下面的要點(diǎn)提示，給喜歡太空探索的留學(xué)生朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加。要點(diǎn)如下：1.寫郵件的目的；2.報(bào)告簡介；3.你的期待。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearChris,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,IamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendaninspiringlectureaboutspaceexplorationtobegivenbyMrYang,whoisafamousastronaut,at9o’clockthisSaturdaymorning.Youwillhaveagoodunderstandingofhislife,educationandachievementwithinthetwo-hourlecture.Moreover,Iamsureyouwillbeinspiredtoparticipateinspacetravelinthefuture.Asaspacetravellover,youwillnotmissthechancetoseeandeventalkwiththeworld-knownastronautfacetoface.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考試給留學(xué)生朋友Chris寫一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他參加著名宇航員MrYang來作的一場報(bào)告?！驹斀狻?.詞匯積累鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encouraging著名的：famous→well-known此外：moreover→besides參加：participatein→takepartin2.句式拓展簡單句變復(fù)合句原句：Youwillhaveagoodunderstandingofhislife,educationandachievementwithinthetwo-hourlecture.拓展句：Itishislife,educationandachievementthatyouwillhaveagoodunderstandingofwithinthetwo-hourlecture.【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】IamwritingtoinviteyoutoattendaninspiringlectureaboutspaceexplorationtobegivenbyMrYang,whoisafamousastronaut,at9o’clockthisSaturday
morning.（運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）【高分句型2】Moreover,Iamsureyouwillbeinspiredtoparticipateinspacetravelinthefuture.（運(yùn)用了省略that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TheannualHalloweenarrived,duringwhichkidsdressedintraditionalclotheswenttoneighbors’housestoaskforcandy.Allisonlivedinasmalltown.Thatdayafterdinner,Allisonputonherdressherfatherhadjustboughtforher.Thedresswascheapandsecond-handbecauseherfamilywaspoor.ButAllisonstillthankedherdadandsaid,“Everyonewilllovemydress!”Then,sheleftforneighbors’housestoaskforcandy.Ontheway,shecameacrossAnnaandherfriendsandwantedtojointhem.“No!Lookatyourdress!It’sugly!”Annasaid.Herfriendsalsolaughed.“Lookatourdresses,especiallymine!It’snewandbeautiful,”Annaadded.Herfriendsnodded,andinsomewaytheywereright.Anna’sdresswasshinyandlookedexpensive.Shealwayshadthebestclothesbecauseherparentswererich.Allisonwasshockedandsad.Thekidsnotonlydislikedherdressbutmadefunofit.“Youcan’tcomewithus!”Annastressed.“Wewouldneverhangoutwithyou!”Theotherkidsagreedandlaughed.TheyalllefttostartcollectingcandyforthenightwhileAllisonwasleftalone,embarrassedinthemiddleofthestreet.Anyway,sheknewalltheneighbors.Sheoftenhelpedaroundcarryingtheirgroceriesandhelpingthemwiththeirgardens.Peoplearoundthereknewher.Shedidn’tneedtohangoutwithAnnaorherfriends.“I’llgojustalone,”thelittlegirlsaidtoherselfandstartedwalking.SheaswellasAnnaandherfriendswalkedinthesamedirection:towardstheirfirstneighborMrsVaughan’shouse.ButAllisonwalkedbehindandkeptherdistancefromthem.AndshestoppedwhenAnnaandherfriendswerenearMrsVaughan’shouse.Justthen,MrsVaughanlookedoutofherwindow.ShenoticedthatAllisonwasbeingexcludedbyAnnaandherfriends.SheknewitwasprobablybecauseofAllison’spoordress.SheimmediatelyfeltpityforAllison,whooftenhelpedherandotherneighbors.ShedecidedtogiveAllisonmuchmorecandyasarewardandteachAnnaandherfriendsalesson.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。WhenAnnaandherfriendsknockedonherdoor,MrsVaughanopenedit.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Annalookedupandsaid,“Ourclothesaremorebeautiful!ButyougaveAllisonmorecandy!Why?”_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】WhenAnnaandherfriendsknockedonherdoor,MrsVaughanopenedit.Thegirlsgreetedher,showedofftheirbeautifulclothesandaskedforcandy.MrsVaughan,whoheldabagofsweets,askedthemtowaitforamoment.Then,shewavedtoAllison,callingout,“Dear,comehere!”WhenAllisoncame,MrsVaughansaid,“Oh,howbeautifulyouaretoday!”Then,shegaveAllisonmostofhercandyalthoughthegirldeclined.WhenAllisonwalkedaway,MrsVaughandividedtherestofthecandyamongAnnaandherfriends,whowerealittleangryandconfused.Annalookedupandsaid,“Ourclothesaremorebeautiful!ButyougaveAllisonmorecandy!Why?”MrsVaughanlookeddowncalmlyandexplainedthatAllisonwasalwaysfriendlytoneighbors.“Shehasgreatinnerbeauty.Innerbeautyismoreimportant.Whynotbefriendswithher?”MrsVaughanadded.Hearingthat,Annaandherfriends’facesturnedredandtheyrealizedtheyhaddonesomethingwrong.TheysaidgoodbyetoMrsVaughan,caughtupwithAllison,andsincerelyinvitedAllisontojointhem.Allisonnoddedgladlyandhadnewfriends,whowouldnolongerjudgeherbyherclothes.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開。一年一度的感恩節(jié)到來，孩子們盛裝打扮去向鄰居索要糖果，家境貧窮的艾利森因?yàn)橐路畠r(jià)而被安娜和她的朋友們排擠，看到這一切的沃恩太太決定給安娜他們一個(gè)教訓(xùn)，于是沃恩太太給了艾利森更多的糖果并告訴安娜他們這是因?yàn)榘?jīng)常幫助鄰居們，她的內(nèi)在更美，于是孩子們意識(shí)到了自己的錯(cuò)誤并主動(dòng)邀請(qǐng)艾莉森成為了朋友。【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“當(dāng)安娜和她的朋友們敲她的門時(shí)，沃恩太太開了門。”可知，第一段可描寫沃恩太太給了艾利森更多的糖果，而給了安娜和她的朋友們很少的糖果。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“安娜抬起頭說：‘我們的衣服更漂亮!但你給了艾莉森更多的糖果！為什么？’”可知，第二段可描寫沃恩太太解釋說是因?yàn)榘膬?nèi)在更美并鼓勵(lì)安娜和她的朋友們和艾利森成為朋友。2.續(xù)寫線索：索要糖果——呼喚艾莉森——分配糖果——教導(dǎo)——慚愧——交朋友3.詞匯激活行為類①.謝絕：decline/refuse②.意識(shí)到：realize/beawarethat③.趕上：catchupwith/keepupwith情緒類①.生氣：angry/annoyed/irritated②.困惑：confused/puzzled【點(diǎn)睛】[高分句型1]Allisonnoddedgladlyandhadnewfriends,whowouldnolongerjudgeherbyherclothes.(運(yùn)用了who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句)[高分句型2]MrsVaughanlookeddowncalmlyandexplainedthatAllisonwasalwaysfriendlytoneighbors.(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
