《2023屆四川省成都市樹(shù)德中學(xué)高三5月模擬檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)Word版無(wú)答案》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫(kù)。

成都市樹(shù)德中學(xué)高2023屆高三5月模擬檢測(cè)試題英語(yǔ)試卷注意事項(xiàng)：1、答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waiterandcustomer.B.Husbandandwife.C.Friends.2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Lookafterherbrother.B.Examineherbrother’sarm.C.Helppaintherbedroom.3HowdoesDr.Smithspendmostofhistime?A.Givinglectures.B.Conductingresearch.C.Doingofficework.4.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:30.B.8:20.C.9:50.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabakery.B.Inarosegarden.C.Inaclothesstore.

1第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’sidea?A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Positive.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Insistonhisdiet.B.Domoreexercise.C.Jointhefootballteam.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhywasJimunabletofindSusan’shome?A.Hehadn’tbeentoldhowtogetthere.B.HeforgottobringthemapSusangavehim.C.Hejustspentthirteenminutessearchingforherhouse.9.WhatdoesJimwantSusantodonow?A.Comeandgethim.B.Givehimanewmap.C.Tellhimthedirectionagain.10.HowwillJimgotoSusan’shome?A.Onfoot.B.Bybike.C.Bybus.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whywasthemanexcited?A.HisclassbeatClassThree.B.Histeamreachedthefinal.C.Hewatchedagreatsoccergame.12.Whatsuggestiondoesthewomanmake?A.Cheeringhisteammatesup.B.Practicingwithhisteammates.C.Communicatingwithhisteammates.13.Whenisthefinalgameofthefootballmatch?A.NextTuesday.B.NextThursday.C.NextSaturday聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whenwillthewomandosomehousework?

2A.ThisSundaymorning.B.ThisSaturdaymorning.C.ThisSaturdayafternoon.15.WhatwillthemandothisSundaymorning?A.Visitthezoo.B.Gotothelibrary.C.Preparefortheexam.16.WhatmadethewomanfeelverysurprisedinCalifornia?A.Shesawthepolarbearinazoo.B.Thepolarbearsurvivedindependently.C.Thepolarbearlivedlongerthanexpected.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。17.Whendoestherestaurantturnintoabar?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Atnight.18.Whatdoesthespeakerdoattherestaurant?A.Heparkscars.B.Hesellsdrinks.C.Hecheckspeople’sIDs.19.WhoisaFrenchman?A.LeGoff.B.Thespeaker.C.Thefamousactor.20HowdoesthespeakerprobablyfeelaboutRobinWilliams?A.Headmireshimalot.B.Helikesworkingforhim.C.Hedoesn’tthinkhe’sfunny.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHaveyoueverbeentoLondon?Hereissomehotelinformationforyou.KingswayHallHotelWeofferqualityserviceinKingswayHallHotel.Thislocationputsguestsineasyreachofmanyplaces,suchastheBritishMuseumandPiccadillyCircus.OurhotelalsohasmodernWesternfood,andoffersaperfectdiningenvironment.Theloungebarisacomfortableplacetoenjoyadrink.Therearehundredsofdiningchoiceswithinwalkingdistance.Non-smokingroomsarereadyforguests.HiltonDocklandsRiverside

3LocatedonthebankoftheThames,ourhotelisabouttwomileseastofTowerBridgeand36milesfromLondonHeathrowAirport.Ourhotelhasabeautysalon,aflowershopandaswimmingpool.Thehotelalsoofferslaundry(洗衣店)services,babysitting,shiningshoes,andlocalareatransportation.WindermereHotelLocatedinthecenterofLondon,ourhotelputsguestswithineasyreachofLondon’swell-knownbuildings.BuckinghamPalaceandtheRoyalParksarejustashortwalkaway.Within1.5milesyoucanvisitWestminsterAbbeyandtheHousesofParliament.Thetheatres,Harrodsshoppingcentre,andthedesignershopsofSloaneSquareandKnightsbridgeareallonlyashortwalkawayorataxirideaway.1.WhatdoesKingswayHallHotelprovideforitsguests?A.Chinesefood.B.Aloungebar.C.Smokingrooms.D.Aswimmingpool.2.WhatisspecialaboutHiltonDocklandsRiverside?A.Itoffersdifferentkindsofservice.B.Itoffersareasonableprice.CIthasconvenientsupermarkets.D.Ithasdeliciousfood.3.Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundin________.AatravelguideB.astorybookC.atechnicalreportD.ageographymagazineBWhatmaywellbetheoldestmetalcoinsintheworldhavebeenidentifiedatanancientabandonedcityknownasGuanzhuanginChina.LikemanyBronzeAge(青銅時(shí)代)coinsfromtheregion,theywerecastintheshapeofspadeswithfinelycarvedhandles.Theseancientcoinsexistedduringanin-betweenperiodbetweenbarter(以物易物)andmoney,whencoinswereanovelconcept,buteverybodyknewthatagriculturaltoolswerevaluable.

4Readingaboutthisincrediblediscovery,Ikeptthinkingaboutthewaymodernpeoplerepresentcomputernetworksbydescribingmachinesashaving“addresses”,likeahouse.Wealsotalkaboutonecomputerusinga“port”tosendinformationtoanothercomputer,asifthedatawereafloatingboatwithdestination.It’sasifweareintheBronzeAgeofinformationtechnology,graspingdesperatelyforreal-worldreferencetotransformourcivilization.Nowconsiderwhathappenedtospadecoins.Overcenturies,metalworkersmadethesecoinsintomoreabstractshapes.Somebecamealmosthumanfigures.Others’handleswerereducedtosmallhalf-circles.Asspadecoinsgrewmoreabstract,peoplecarvedthemwithnumbervaluesandthelocationswheretheyweremade.Theybecamemorelikemoderncoins,flatandcoveredinwriting.Lookingatoneoftheselaterpieces,youwouldhavenoideathattheywereonceintendedtolooklikeaspade.Thismakesmewonderifwewilldevelopanentirelynewsetofsymbolsthatallowustointeractwithourdigitalinformationmoresmoothly.Takingspadecoinsasourguide,wecanguessthatfar-futurecomputernetworkswillnolongercontainanyrecognizablereferencestohouses.Buttheystillmightbringsomeoftheideasweassociatewithhometoourmind.Infact,computernetworks—iftheystillexistatall—arelikelytobealmosttheindispensablepartofourhousesandcities,theirsensorsinsetwithwallsandroads.Ournetworkaddressesmightactuallybethesameasourstreetaddresses.Ifclimatechangeleadstofloods,ourmobiledevicesmightlookmorelikeboatsthanphones,assistingustoland.Mypointisthatthemetaphorsoftheinformationagearen’trandom.Mobiledevicesdoofferuscomfortafteralongdayatwork.Insomesense,ourdesiretosettleontheshoresofdatalakescouldchangethewayweunderstandhome,aswellashowwebuildcomputers.Soaswecastourmindsforward,wehavetothinkaboutwhatnewabstractionswillgoalongwithourinformationtechnology.Perhapstheonethingwecountonisthathumanswillstillappreciatethecomfortsofhome.4.ManyBronzeAgecoinsweremadeintotheshapeofaspadebecause___________.A.alotofemphasiswasputonagricultureB.thisstylishdesignmadethecoinsvaluableC.thesecoinsalsoservedasagriculturaltoolsD.thehandlesmadethecoinseasilyexchanged5.Whydoestheauthorrelatecomputerstospadecoins?A.Toshowtheybothusedtobenewconceptswhenfirstinvented.B.Toexplainabstractdigitalworldsaredifferentfromconcretecoins.

5C.Tosuggestcomputerswillexperiencedramaticchangesascoinsdid.D.Tohighlighttheirsameimportanceinourcivilizationaltransformation.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“indispensable”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Flexible.B.Essential.C.Wasteful.D.Alternative.7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatCoinsandComputersBringUsB.HowAgricultureLosestoDigitalIndustryC.HowBronzeAgeDevelopstoInformationAgeD.WhatAncientMoneyTellsUsAbouttheFutureCAreyoufrightenedofclowns(小丑)?Youarenotalone.Coulrophobia,orthefearofclowns,isawidelyrecognizedphenomenon.Wesetouttodiscoverthereasonspeoplearefrightenedbyclowns,andtounderstandthepsychology(心理)behindthis.Todothis,wedesignedaquestionformtolookathowmanypeoplesufferfromcoulomphobiaandhowmuchtheyareafraidofit.Thetestwascompletedbyagroupof987peopleagedbetween18and77.Morethanhalfthevolunteers(53.5%)saidtheywerefrightenedofclownsatleasttosomedegree,with5%sayingtheywere“extremelyafraid”ofthem.Wealsodiscoveredcoulrophobiadropswithage.Interestingly,wefoundthefinalexplanation,ofhavinghadafearfulpersonalexperiencewithaclown,hadthelowestlevelofagreement.Thisshowsthatlifeexperiencealoneisnotasatisfyingexplanationforwhypeopleareafraidofthem.Incontrast,negative(消極的)descriptionofclownsinpopularculturewasamuchstrongercontributingfactortowardscoulrophobia.Thisisunderstandablebecausemostfamousclownsinbooksandfilmsaredesignedtobeterrible—suchasPennywise,thecreepy(毛骨悚然的)clownfromStephenKing’s1986novelIt.Infactthestrongestfactorweidentifiedwashiddenemotionalsignssuggestingthatformanypeople,afearofclownscomesfromnotbeingabletoseetheirfacialexpressionsduetotheirmake-up.Wecannotseetheir“true”facesandcannotunderstandtheiremotionalpurpose.So,forexample,wedon’tknowwhethertheyhaveafrown(皺眉)orafurrowedbrow(眉頭緊鎖),whichwouldshowanger.Notbeingabletobeawareofwhataclownisthinkingorwhattheymightdonextmakessomeofusonedgewhenwearearoundthem.8.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TheresultofCoulrophobiatest.B.AdropinCoulrophobia.C.ExplanationsofCoulrophobia.D.Reactionsfromvolunteers.9.Whatisaclownlikeinpopularculture?

6A.Silly.B.Funny.C.Understanding.D.Horrible.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“onedge”meaninparagraph4?A.Angry.B.Interested.C.Nervous.D.Proud.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Aclown’smakeupcanbeuneasyB.Thisiswhywe’reafraidofclownsC.CoulrophobiaisnolaughingmatterD.ThisishowcoulrophobiacomesaboutDAteamofresearchersatJohannesKeplerUniversityhasfoundthattheskinofacertainkindofmushroomcanbeusedasabiodegradable(可生物降解的)baseforcomputerchips.IntheirpaperpublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances,thegroupdescribeshowwellitworkedandhoweasilyitcouldbecleanlygotridofafterthechipwasnolongeruseful.Mostchipsusedtomakeelectronicdevicesaresetonabaseofplastic.However,unfortunately,thetypeofplasticusedisn’tatallrecyclable,whichmeansmostcomputerchipsendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))aroundtheworld.Previousresearchhassuggestedthatthisleadsto100milliontonsofelectronicwasteaddedtolandfillseachyear.Aftersearchingforplentyofalternatives,theteaminAustriacameacrossGanodermalucidum,atypeofmushroomthatgrowsondeadhardwoodtrees.Theynotedthatitgrowsaskintocoveritsroot-likepart.Afterremovingsomeoftheskinfromseveralsamples,theresearchersfoundthatitwasflexibleandwasabletostandhightemperatures.Theyalsonotedthatifkeptawayfromlightandwetness,theskinwouldlastalongtime.Ontheotherhand,ifitwereexposedtosuchconditionsintentionally,itwouldquicklydecompose.Theseareallfeaturesthattheteamthoughtwouldmakeforaverygoodchipbase.Theteamdevelopedameansforplacingmetalelectroniccomponentsontotheskin.Testingoftheresultshowedthattheskinworkednearlyaswellasthetraditionalplasticbaseandthatitcouldremainundamagedafterbeingbentrepeatedly.Theyalsofoundtheskincouldbeusedtomakebatterycomponents.Moreworkisrequiredtoensurethattheskinworksashopedinanindustrialsetting.Also,acleanprocessforremovingtheskinfromthechipsstillneedstobefound.12.Whatdowelearnaboutmostcomputerchips?A.Theyendupaselectronicwaste.B.Theyaremadeofplastic.C.Theyareeasilywornout.D.Theycanbecompletelyrecycled.13.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howresearcherscarriedouttests.

7BWhatagoodchipbasewaslike.C.Whyresearcherstestedonmushroomskin.D.Whatqualitieswerefoundaboutmushroomskin.14.Whatfollow-upresearchmightresearchersdo?A.Theskin’spotentialinthesamesetting.B.Theskin’sperformanceasbatterycomponents.C.Aconvenientwaytoputelectronicsontheskin.D.Acleanprocesstogettheskinawayfromchips.15.What’sthewritingpurposeofthetext?A.Toreportanewdiscoveryofmushrooms.B.Topicturethefutureofcomputerchips.C.Toshowthefeaturesofmushrooms.D.Tocallfornature-friendlycomputerchips.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manychildrenwanttohavetheirownpets,buthowtobeagoodpetowner?Besidesgivingthemfoodandwater,whatelsecanwedotogiveourpetsmuchlove?Provideyourpetwiththecorrectdiet.Ifyouprefertochangethepreviousdietofyourpet,doitslowlysothattheyadjust(適應(yīng))properly.____16____Youngdogswillneeddifferenttypesofdogfoodcomparedtoolderdogs.Andremember,donotoverfeedyourpet.Cleantheirhousingoften.Cleanyourpet’shomeatleastonceaweekandanyothertimesifnecessary.Generally,apet’shomeshouldbecleansoitisagoodenvironmentfortheanimal.____17____Keepyourpetclean.Ifyouhaveadogthatalwaysplaysinthemud,it’snecessarytogiveitashowereveryday!____18____Ifitistoohotortoocoldforyou,thenitwillbethesamefortheanimal.Trainyourpet.____19____However,alotofbadpetbehaviorissimplycausedbyboredom,soshakeitupalittle.Ifpossible,takeyourpettosomeclasses.____20____

8Putacollaronyourpetwithyourpersonalinformationandthepet’sname.Remembertoclosethecagedoorsothereisnochanceofescapingandbeinginanunsafeplace.A.Neverhurtorharmyourpet.B.Beanownerwithasenseofduty.C.Noonewantsacatthatjumpsonthetable.D.Animalsrequiredifferentdietsbasedonage.E.Rememberthatyoushouldcheckthewaterfirstwithyourhand.F.Watershouldbefresh,cleanandchangeddailytokeepyourpethealthy.G.Withoutgoodlivingconditions,ananimalwillgetsickmore,andfeelunhappy.第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Twelve-year-oldFlorescouldn’taffordbooks,sohe____21____tostartreadingjunkmail.Floreswouldreadallthatwouldn’t____22____himanything.RonLynch,apostman,wasmakinghisdaily____23____whenhesawaboydiggingthroughjunkmail.Hewas____24____aboutwhytheboywasdoingthat.WhatFloressaidnext____25____Lynch.FlorestoldLynchthathe____26____junkmailbecausehedidn’thavebooksofhisownand,hecouldn’taffordtogettothe____27____.Lynchwas____28____bythelittleboy’swords,sohedecidedtohelptheboy.He____29____theboy’sstorytohisblogtoaskforhelpencouragingthisyoungboy’s_____30_____forreading.The_____31_____fromhissocialnetwork?WONDERFUL!Thepostspread_____32_____hispersonalcircles.“It’sgonecrazyfromthere,”Lynchsaid.“I’veheardfromtheU.K.,Australia,fromIndia.”_____33_____begantoarriveatFlores’doorstep.Thelittleboywas_____34_____andsoexcitedthathecould_____35_____readsomethingREAL!Floresisnowtheproudownerofa_____36_____library.“Theysaidthesebooksareforyou.Ithoughttheywere_____37_____,buttheywereforme,”saidFloresaboutthe_____38_____.Thepointisonepersoncan_____39_____alife.Allittakessometimesis_____40_____whatisgoingonaroundyou.21.A.decidedB.offeredC.attemptedD.managed22.A.claimB.costC.loseD.miss

923.A.suppliesB.questionsC.deliveriesD.inquiries24.A.optimisticB.cautiousC.concernedD.curious25.A.disappointedB.confusedC.shockedD.motivated26.A.wantedB.readC.cleanedD.bought27.A.libraryB.hotelC.officeD.market28.A.well-informedB.hard-wonC.heart-brokenD.ready-made29.A.postedB.wroteC.createdD.updated30.A.worryB.ambitionC.achievementD.hunger31.A.commentB.reliefC.expressionD.response32.A.beyondB.outC.againstD.besides33.A.GiftsB.BooksC.PraisesD.Charities34.A.interestedB.touchedC.eagerD.anxious35.A.graduallyB.frequentlyC.eventuallyD.normally36.A.personalB.perfectC.regionalD.national37.A.expensiveB.nervousC.mistakenD.awkward38.A.courageB.honestyC.happinessD.kindness39.A.shapeB.destroyC.recoverD.change40.A.understandingB.noticingC.monitoringD.recognizing第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分35分)第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ManyAmericansputawaytheirwhiteclothesonLaborDay____41____donotwearthemagainuntilthefollowingMay.Onereasonfortheclothingcustomrelatestotheseason.IntheUnitedStates,the____42____(month)betweenJuneandSeptemberaresummer.Theweatherisusuallyhotinnortheasterncities.Manypeopletherehistoricallyworelight-coloredclothinginthesummertime____43____(keep)cool.JudithMartinisanexpertonmanners,____44____spoketoTimeMagazineaboutthehistoryofwearingwhiteinsummer.ShesaidAmericansinthe1800sandearly1900sworeformalclothesallyearlong.Wearingwhiteclothesinthesummertimemaymakepeoplemore____45____(comfort).Then,inaboutthe1930s,wearingwhiteclothesinthesummertimebecamefashionable.ThatisbecausesomewealthyAmericanswentonvacation____46____weeksormonthsinthesummer.Thewhiteclothesthenbecameconnectedwithease,

10____47____(beautiful)andmoney.Butattheendofsummer,theyputthosewhiteclothesawayand____48____(return)totheirlivesinthecity,____49____(wear)darkerandheavierclothes.____50____(final),notwearingwhiteclothesafterLaborDaybecameabitofafashionrule.第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分10分)51.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：(1)每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；(2)只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。Recently,ourneighborcalledandaskedthatifwe’dmindlookingafterhercatBellafortwoweeks.Shewasgoingtopaythevisittohersickparents.Mymotherinstantsaid,“We’dlovetotakecareofher.”SowetakeBellahomelastweekend.ThoughBellaareonly10monthsold,sheisveryenergyandanythingcanbecomehertoy.Besides,sheoftenwaitsusatthewindow.Whenweappear,shewillracetothedoortogreetus.SpendtimewithBellaisjustwhatweneed.Ioftentakeawalkafterheronlinelessonsareover,butBellaismygoodcompanionduringthewalk.第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)(滿(mǎn)分25分)52.假如你是李華，高二同學(xué)參觀(guān)大運(yùn)河博物館(theChinaGrandCanalMuseum)。請(qǐng)你為校英文報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇新聞報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：1．參與人員、時(shí)間;2．活動(dòng)內(nèi)容;3．活動(dòng)反響。注意：1．寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。AVisittotheChinaGrandCanalMuseum

11_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12