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1、ChineseOperaKunOpera昆曲YuOpera豫劇KunOperaisoneoftheoldestChineseoperas.ItwasborninthelateYuanDynastyinKunshanarea,JiangsuProvince.TheperformanceofKunOperahasitsuniquesystemandstyle.Itismostcharacterizedbyitsrichemotionandskillfulcombinationofsinginganddancing.ManyworksofKunOperapr

2、aisetheromanticancientlovestories.ThePeonyPavilion,therepresentativeworkofKunOpera,iseverlastinginChinesedramaliterature.Now,theappealforprotectingtraditionalculturewouldhelpKunOperabacktoitsprosperityagain.KunOpera昆曲昆曲是中國最古老的戲曲劇種之一，起源于元朝末年江蘇昆山地區(qū)。昆曲的表演有它獨(dú)特的體系和風(fēng)格。它最大的特點(diǎn)就是感情豐富，歌唱和

3、舞蹈巧妙結(jié)合。許多昆曲劇目都是歌頌浪漫的古代愛情故事。昆曲代表作《牡丹亭》是中國戲曲文學(xué)中的不朽之作。如今人們對保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)文化的呼吁將有助于昆曲重新走向繁榮。KunOpera昆曲Itissomild溫婉,exquisite細(xì)膩,sentimental多愁善感,andmelodious優(yōu)美的。昆劇行腔優(yōu)美，以纏綿婉轉(zhuǎn)、柔漫悠遠(yuǎn)見長。Thelibretto(劇本)usuallyfocusesonastoryofromanticlove.昆劇劇本通常是講述浪漫的愛情故。KunOperasingingemphasizes（強(qiáng)調(diào)）controlofthevoice

4、andchangesinrhythms（節(jié)奏韻律）昆曲演唱強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音的控制和節(jié)奏的變化。Singersmustalsousetheirskillstoexpressthedisposition（性情）ofvariouscharacters,anaspectthataddscomplexitytotheform.演唱者也必須運(yùn)用他們的技巧去表現(xiàn)不同人物的性情，這一方面增加了該形式的復(fù)雜性。MusicalInstrumentsThemusicalensemble合奏ismainlycomposedofwind吹奏樂器,stringed弦樂,andpercus

5、sioninstruments打擊樂器.Theleadinstrumentofthewindsectionandtheentireensembleisthedi(aside-blown在一邊吹奏的bambooflute長笛）.Itisaccompaniedbyaxiao(vertical垂直的,end-blownbambooflute),asuona(horn喇叭嗩吶),andasheng(reedpipe簧片蘆葦管).Thestringsectionconsistsofapipa(frettedlute琵琶).Thepercussionsection

6、isequippedwithguban(clappers鼓班),aluoandbo.Becausethebamboofluteprovidesthemainaccompaniment,KunOperaischaracterizedbysmoothandmellifluous流暢的甜美的music.笛簫嗩吶鼓鑼鈸笙琵琶ThePeonyPavilion(TangXianzu)湯顯祖的牡丹亭ThePeachBlossomFan(KongShangren)孔尚任的桃花扇ThePalaceofLongLife(HongSheng)洪升的長生殿TheWhiteSn

7、ake白蛇傳TheWesternMansion(Southernversion,adaptedfromWangShifu'szaju)西廂記，改編自王實(shí)甫的雜劇TheInjusticedonetoDouE(adaptedfromGuanHanqing'szaju)竇娥冤，改編自關(guān)漢卿的雜劇TheKite(LiYu)風(fēng)箏誤李漁Masterpiece牡丹亭長生殿西廂記ThePeonyPavilionTheWesternMansionThePalaceofLongLife竇娥冤桃花扇白蛇傳風(fēng)箏誤TheWhiteSnakeThePeachBlossomFanT

8、heInjusticedonetoDouETheKite“HenanOpera”or“Hena