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1、賓語(yǔ)從句熊琦英2013.4.10一.定義賓語(yǔ)從句:一個(gè)從句充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)二.主要類(lèi)型1).由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句只是在某些動(dòng)詞后能用作賓語(yǔ),這些動(dòng)詞有see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,wonder,understand,discuss,show等等:e.gDoyouknowwhathehassaid?Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?Doyouknowwhatkindofpersonsheis?Let’sseehowwecanfinishthehardwork.Hav
2、eyoudecidedwhomyouwouldvisittomorrow?Pleaseshowmewhereyourpassportis.Lucystillwonderedwhyhecouldn’tpasstheexam.2).由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)。(口語(yǔ)中常用if)e.gSheaskedmeifshecouldborrowthesebooks.Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.注:1)中所列的動(dòng)詞后也??捎脀hether,if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ);e.gI’mwonderingifthele
3、tterisover-weight.Idon’tknowwhetherthisanswerisright.另外,這種從句前面有時(shí)還可以另有賓語(yǔ)。e.gPleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstop.Didshesayanythingabouthowtheworkwastobedone?3)由that引導(dǎo)。(在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略)e.gHeknew(that)heshouldworkhard.Hesaid(that)hewouldliket
4、oseetheHeadmaster.注意:在某些句型中,特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中,that引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去,前面用一個(gè)it作形式上的賓語(yǔ)。(但是,有時(shí)it也可以省略)e.gWeallthoughtitapitythatshecouldn’tcome.Itookhiswordforitthathewouldtryhisbesttohelpus.(他說(shuō)他要想一切辦法幫我們,我相信他說(shuō)的是真話(huà)。)Itakeitthatwearetoleaveearly.(我想我們動(dòng)身是會(huì)很早的。)三.賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況1.引導(dǎo)詞?由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,用連詞that等引
5、導(dǎo),并且在口語(yǔ)中常常省略此詞:e.gHesaid(that)hehadanewdictionary.Iknow(that)Lucycanplayfootballverywell.但是,如果that引導(dǎo)的是幾個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),最后一個(gè)that不能省略。e.gIknow(that)TomcomesfromFranceandthatheteachesinamiddleschoolinGuilinnow.?由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,用whether或if引導(dǎo),并且兩詞可以互用。但是whether可以和ornot連用,而if不能。e.gIwanttoknowwh
6、ether(if)shestilllivesthere.Pleasetellmewhetheryoucancomeornot.?由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句,由特殊疑問(wèn)詞who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how等引導(dǎo)。e.gIdon’tknowwhosebookitis.DoyouknowwhereourEnglishteacherlives?Theteacheraskedwhatwashappening.Hewantedtoknowwhyyoucanplaythepianosowell.2.語(yǔ)句的順序無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓
7、語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序,即是“主語(yǔ)在前,謂語(yǔ)在后”的順序。e.gCouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhat’sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday?PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.3.時(shí)態(tài)的變化?.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制,我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。e.gTomhasbeent