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1、Articlepubs.acs.org/journal/aidcbcImmunodominantSARSCoronavirusEpitopesinHumansElicitedbothEnhancingandNeutralizingE?ectsonInfectioninNon-humanPrimates?,∥§,∥Δ,∥??⊥§QidiWang,LianfengZhang,KazuhikoKuwahara,LiLi,ZijieLiu,TaishengLi,HuaZhu,§§⊥Δ,Δ,?,§JiangningLiu,YanfengXu,JingXie,HiroshiMorioka,Nobuo

2、Sakaguchi,*ChuanQin,*,?,?andGangLiu*?Tsinghua-PekingCenterforLifeSciences&SchoolofPharmaceuticalSciences,TsinghuaUniversity,HaidianDistrict,Beijing100084,People’sRepublicofChina?InstituteofMateriaMedica,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences&PekingUnionMedicalCollege,2ANanweiRoad,XuanwuDistrict,Beijing1

3、00050,People’sRepublicofChina§InstituteofLaboratoryAnimalScience,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesandPekingUnionMedicalCollege,Beijing100021,People’sRepublicofChinaΔFacultyofLifeSciences,KumamotoUniversity,1-1-1Honjo,Kumamoto860-8556,Japan⊥DepartmentofInfectiousDisease,PekingUnionMedicalCollegeHosp

4、italandAIDSResearchCenter,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciencesandPekingUnionMedicalCollege,Beijing100071,People’sRepublicofChina?WPIImmunologyFrontierResearchCenter,OsakaUniversity,3-1Yamada-oka,Suita,Osaka565-0871,Japan*SSupportingInformationABSTRACT:Severeacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)iscausedbyacor

5、onavirus(SARS-CoV)andhasthepotentialtothreatenglobalpublichealthandsocioeconomicstability.Evidenceofantibody-dependentenhancement(ADE)ofSARS-CoVinfectioninvitroandinnon-humanprimatescloudstheprospectsforasafevaccine.UsingantibodiesfromSARSpatients,weidenti?edandcharacterizedSARS-CoVB-cellpeptidee

6、pitopeswithdisparatefunctions.Inrhesusmacaques,thespikeglycoproteinpeptidesS471?503,S604?625,andS1164?1191elicitedantibodiesthate?cientlypreventedinfectioninnon-humanprimates.Incontrast,peptideS597?603inducedantibodiesthatenhancedinfectionbothinvitroandinnon-humanprimatesbyusinganepitopesequence-

7、dependent(ESD)mechanism.Thispeptideexhibitedahighlevelofserologicalreactivity(64%),whichresultedfromtheadditiveresponsesoftwotandemepitopes(S597?603andS604?625)andalong-termhumanB-cellmemoryresponsewithantiserafromconv