《冠狀病毒Coronavirusl論文-2016 [Advances in Virus Research] Coronaviruses Volume 96 __ Preface.pdf》由會(huì)員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。

1、PREFACECoronavirusesareimportanthumanandanimalpathogens,withsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome(SARS)andMiddleEastrespiratorysyndrome(MERS)coronavirusbeingprominentexamples.Althoughanimalcoronavirus-associateddiseases,suchasfelineinfectiousperitonitis,havebeenreportedmorethanacenturyago,

2、thecausativeagentswereonlyrecognizedinthelate1960sasagroupofrelatedenvelopedRNAviruses.TheInternationalCommitteeonTaxonomyofVirusesapprovedaseparatevirusfamilyCoronaviridaein1975.Morerecently,anadditionaltaxonomicrankwasintro-ducedinthisfamily,withcoronavirusesbeingclassifiedasmembe

3、rsofthesubfamilyCoronavirinaethat,currently,iscomprisedoffourgenera.Thefirstcompletegenomesequenceofacoronavirus(avianinfectiousbronchitisvirus)waspublishedin1987.Thestudyrevealedthat,comparedtootherRNAviruses,coronaviruseshaveextremelylargegenomesofapproximately30kb.In1989,Alexande

4、rGorbalenyaandcolleaguespublishedthefirstcomprehensivesequenceanalysisofacoronavirusreplicasegene.Functionalpredictionsarisingfromthisseminalworkprovidedaframeworkformanysubsequentbiochemical,structural,andphylogeneticstudiesofcorona-andrelatedviruses.Thestudiesidentifiedseveralphyl

5、ogeneticallyrelatedlineagesofplus-strandRNAvirusesthat,despiteprofounddivergenceatthesequencelevel,wererevealedtoencodeaconservedarrayoffunctionaldomainsintheirreplicasegenesandtousesimilarstrategiestoexpressandreplicatetheirlargepolycistronicgenomes.Thesevirusesarenowrecognizedasme

6、mbersoftheorderNidoviralesandbelongtooneofthefourestablishedfamiliesArteriviridae,Mesoniviridae,Coronaviridae,andRoniviridae.NidovirusRNAsynthesisandprocessingwasrevealedtoinvolveanunusuallylargenumberofproteins,andalsotheenormouscomplexityofinteractionsbetweennidoviralandhostcellfu

7、nctionsisexceptionalintheRNAvirusworld.Coronavirusesandothernidoviruseswithgenomesizesofmorethan20kbalsostickoutfromallotherRNAvirusesbyencodinga30-to-50exoribonucleasethatwasshowntoincreasethefidelityofviralRNAsynthesisandisthoughttobeakeyfactorintheevolutionofRNAgenomesofthislarge

8、size.Additionalinte