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1、常用微生物學專業(yè)名詞詞匯表activeimmunity（主動免疫）:Immunityacquiredthroughdirectstimulationoftheimmunesystembyantigen.activetransport（主動運輸）:Transportofmoleculesagainstaconcentrationgradient(fromregionsoflowconcentrationtoregionsofhighconcentration)withtheaidofproteinsinthecellmembrane

2、andenergyfromATP.Alcoholfermentation（乙醇發(fā)酵）：istheformationofalcoholfromsugar.Yeast,whenunderanaerobicconditions,convertglucosetopyruvicacidviatheglycolysispathways,thengoonestepfarther,convertingpyruvicacidintoethanol,aC-2compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatlivesa

3、ndgrowsinthepresenceoffreegaseousoxygen(O2).aflatoxin（黃曲霉毒素）:FromAspergillusflavust,amycotoxinthattypicallypoisonsmoldyanimalfeedandcancauselivercancerinhumansandotheranimals.AIDS（愛滋病）:AcquiredImmunedeficiencysyndrome.Thecomplexofsignsandsymptomscharacteristicofthelat

4、ephaseofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)infection.Amestest（艾姆氏實驗）:Amethodfordetectingmutagenicandpotentiallycarcinogenicagentsbaseduponthegeneticalterationofnutritionallydefectivebacteriaanabolism（合成代謝）:Theenergyconsumingprocessofincorporatingnutrientsintoprotoplasmthr

5、oughbiosynthesis.anaerobe（厭氧微生物）:Amicroorganismthatgrowsbest,orexclusively,intheabsenceofoxygen.antibiotic（抗生素）:Achemicalsubstancefromonemicroorganismthatcaninhibitorkillanothermicrobeeveninminuteamounts.antibody（抗體）:Alargeproteinmoleculeevokedinresponsetoanantigentha

6、tinteractsspecificallywiththatantigen.antigen（抗原）:Anycell,particle,orchemicalthatinducesaspecificimmuneresponsebyBcellsorTcellsandcanstimulateresistancetoaninfectionoratoxin.antigenicdeterminant（抗原決定基）:Theprecisemoleculargroupofanantigenthatdefinesitsspecificityandtri

7、ggerstheimmuneresponse.antimetabolite（抗代謝物）:Asubstancesuchasadrugthatcompeteswith,substitutesfor,orinterfereswithanormalmetabolite.antiseptic（防腐劑）：Agrowth-inhibitingagentusedontissuestopreventinfection.antiserum（抗血清）：Antibody-richserumderivedfromthebloodofanimals(deli

8、beratelyimmunizedagainstinfectiousortoxicantigen)orfrompeoplewhohaverecoveredfromspecificnfections.antitoxin（抗毒素）：Globulinfr