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1、金阪科扶學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文參考資料及譯文譯文題目：基坑設計學生姓名：盧開強學號：—1121409009專業(yè)：Mill土木工程（建筑工程）（專轉本）所在學院：建筑工程學院指導教師：林獻民左熹職稱：M2012年12月20日High-RiseBuildingsIntroductionItisdifficulttodefineahigh-risebuilding.Onemaysaythatalow-risebuildingrangesfrom1to2stories.Amedium-risebuildingprobablyrangesbetween3or4storiesupto10or20stor

2、iesormore.Tallsteelbuildingsbeganinearlydevelopment.Reinforcedconcreteandshell-tubesystemhasbeeneconomicallyandcompetitivelyusedforalargenumberofresidentialandcommercialstructures.Becauseoftheinnovationanddevelopmentofnewstructuralsystem,nowfrom50to100-storeyhigh-risebuildingsacrosstheUnitedStates.A

3、lthoughthebasicprinciplesofverticalandhorizontalsubsystemdesignremainthesameforlow-,medium-,orhigh-risebuildings,whenabuildinggetshightheverticalsubsystemsbecomeacontrollingproblemfortworeasons.Higherverticalloadswillrequirelargercolumns,walls,andshafts.But、moresignificantly、theoverturningmomentandt

4、hesheardeflectionsproducedbylateralforcesaremuchlargerandmustbecarefullyprovidedfor.Theverticalsubsystemsinahigh-risebuildingtransmitaccumulatedgravityloadfromstorytostory,thusrequiringlargercolumnorwallsectionstosupportsuchloading.Inadditionthesesameverticalsubsystemsmusttransmitlateralloads,suchas

5、windorseismicloads,tothefoundations.However,incontrasttoverticalload,lateralloadeffectsonbuildingsarenotlinearandincreaserapidlywithincreaseinheight.Forexampleunderwindload、theoverturningmomentatthebaseofbuildingsvariesapproximatelyasthesquareofabuildingsmayvaryasthefourthpowerofbuildingsheight,othe

6、rthingsbeingequal.Earthquakeproducesanevenmorepronouncedeffect.Whenthestructureforalow-ormedium-risebuildingisdesignedfordeadandliveload,itisalmostaninherentpropertythatthecolumns,walls,andstairorelevatorshaftscancarrymostofthehorizontalforces.Theproblemisprimarilyoneofshearresistance.Moderateadditi

7、onbracingforrigidframesin"shorf'buildingscaneasilybeprovidedbyfillingcertainpanels(orevenallpanels)withoutincreasingthesizesofthecolumnsandgirdersotherwiserequiredforverticalloads.Unfortunately,thisis