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1、ConvertersCHAPTER6:CONVERTERSINTRODUCTION6.1SECTION6.1:DIGITAL-TO-ANALOGCONVERTERARCHITECTURES6.3DIGITAL-TOANALOGCONVERTERS(DACsORD/As)INTRODUCTION6.3KELVINDIVIDER(STRINGDACs)6.4SEGMENTEDDACs6.5DIGITALPOTS6.7THERMOMETER(FULLYDECODED)DACs6.9BINARYWEIGHTEDCURREN

2、TSOURCES6.12R-2RLADDER6.14MULTIPLINGDACs6.18SEGMENTEDDACs6.20SIGMA-DELTADACs6.22I/VCONVERTERS6.23DIFFERENTIALTOSINGLE-ENDEDCONVERSIONTECHNIQUES6.24SINGLE-ENDEDCURRENT-TO-VOLTAGECONVERSION6.27DIFFERENTIALCURRENT-TO-VOLTAGECONVERSION6.27DIGITALINTERFACES6.28DATA

3、CONVERTERLOGIC:TIMINGANDOTHERISSUES6.33INTERPOLATINGDACs(INTERPOLATINGTxDACs)6.33RECONSTRUCTIONFILTERS6.35SIN(X)/(X)(SINC)6.36INTENTIONALLYNONLINEARDACs6.37SECTION6.2:ANALOG-TO-DIGITALCONVERTERARCHITECTURES6.40THECOMPARATOR:A1-BITADC6.44SUCCESSIVEAPPROXIMATION

4、ADCs6.45FLASHCONVERTERS6.50SUBRANGING,ERRORCORRECTED,ANDPIPELINEDADCs6.52SERIALBIT-PER-STAGEBINARYANDGRAYCODED(FOLDING)ADCs6.58COUNTINGANDINTEGRATINGADCARCHITECTURES6.64CHARGERUN-DOWNADCs6.65RAMPRUN-UPADCs6.65TRACKINGADCs6.66VOLTAGE-TO-FREQUENCYCONVERTERS(VFCs

5、)6.68DUAL-SLOPE/MULTISLOPEADCs6.73RESOLVER-TO-DIGITALCONVERTERS(RDCs)ANDSYNCHROS6.76BASICLINEARDESIGNSECTION6.2:ANALOG-TO-DIGITALCONVERTERARCHITECTURES(cont.)REFERENCES6.80SECTION6.3:SIGMA-DELTA(ΣΔ)CONVERTERS6.85HISTORICALPERSPECTIVE6.85BASICSOFSIGMA-DELTAADCs

6、6.90IDLETONECONSIDERATIONS6.96HIGHERORDERLOOPCONSIDERATIONS6.98MULTIBITSIGMA-DELTACONVERTERS6.98DIGITALFILTERIMPLICATIONS6.100HIGHRESOLUTIONMEASUREMENTSIGMA-DELTAADCs6.102BAND-PASSSIGMA-DELTACONVERTERS6.107SIGMA-DELTADACs6.108SUMMARY6.110REFERENCES6.111SECTION

7、6.4:DEFININGTHESPECIFICATIONS6.115SECTION6.5:DACANDADCSTATICTRANSFERFUNCTIONSANDDCERRORS6.117SECTION6.6:DATACONVERTERACERRORS6.129NOISEINPRACTICALADCs6.131EQUIVALENTINPUTREFERREDNOISE6.131NOISE-FREE(FLICKER-FREE)CODERESOLUTION6.132DYNAMICPERFORMANCEOFDATACONVE

8、RTERS6.133INTEGRALANDDIFFERENTIALNONLINEARITYDISTORTIONEFFECTS6.133HARMONICDISTORTION,WORSTHARMONIC,TOTALHARMONICDISTORTION(THD),TOTALHARMONICDISTORTIONPLUSNOISE(THD+N)6.135SIGNAL-