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1、StatisticalScience2008,Vol.23,No.4,439464DOI:10.1214/09-STS282?InstituteofMathematicalStatistics,2008TheStatisticalAnalysisoffMRIDataMartinA.LindquistAbstract.InrecentyearstherehasbeenexplosivegrowthinthenumberofneuroimagingstudiesperformedusingfunctionalMagneticResonanceIm

2、aging(fMRI).The?eldthathasgrownaroundtheacquisitionandanalysisoffMRIdataisintrinsicallyinterdisciplinaryinnatureandinvolvescontri-butionsfromresearchersinneuroscience,psychology,physicsandstatistics,amongothers.AstandardfMRIstudygivesrisetomassiveamountsofnoisydatawithacomp

3、licatedspatio-temporalcorrelationstructure.Statisticsplaysacrucialroleinunderstandingthenatureofthedataandobtainingrelevantresultsthatcanbeusedandinterpretedbyneuroscientists.InthispaperwediscusstheanalysisoffMRIdata,fromtheinitialacquisitionoftherawdatatoitsuseinlocatingbr

4、ainactivity,makinginferenceaboutbrainconnec-tivityandpredictionsaboutpsychologicalordiseasestates.Alongtheway,weillustrateinterestingandimportantissueswherestatisticsalreadyplaysacrucialrole.Wealsoseektoillustrateareaswherestatisticshasperhapsbeenunderutilizedandwillhaveani

5、ncreasedroleinthefuture.Keywordsandphrases:fMRI,brainimaging,statisticalanalysis,chal-lenges.1.INTRODUCTIONchangesthataccompanyneuronalactivitywithrela-tivelyhighspatialresolution,butwithatemporalreso-Functionalneuroimaginghasexperiencedanexplo-lutionlimitedbythemuchslowerr

6、ateofbrainhemo-sivegrowthinrecentyears.Currentlythereexistadynamics.Whileeachmodalityisinterestinginitsownnumberofdifferentimagingmodalitiesthatallowre-right,thisarticlefocusesonstatisticalissuesrelatedtosearcherstostudythephysiologicalchangesthatac-fMRIwhichinthepastfewyea

7、rshastakenadominantcompanybrainactivation.Eachofthesetechniquespositioninthe?eldofneuroimaging.hasadvantagesanddisadvantagesandeachprovidesaFunctionalMRIisanoninvasivetechniqueforstudy-uniqueperspectiveonbrainfunction.Ingeneral,theseingbrainactivity.DuringthecourseofanfMRIe

8、x-techniquesarenotconcernedwiththebehaviorofsin-periment,aseriesofbrainimagesareac