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1、長安大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文道路運(yùn)輸預(yù)測理論研究姓名:汪忠申請學(xué)位級別:碩士專業(yè):交通運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃與管理指導(dǎo)教師:吳群琪20030301摘要準(zhǔn)確而客觀地預(yù)測未來道路運(yùn)輸需求是科學(xué)地進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸規(guī)劃的基石。道路運(yùn)輸預(yù)測發(fā)展至今已有數(shù)百種方法,以定性和定量方法為主。傳統(tǒng)預(yù)測著重于分析歷史運(yùn)量的統(tǒng)計(jì)規(guī)律來外推趨勢,然而實(shí)際效果并不理想。究其原因,在于運(yùn)輸量并不等同于需求量,它是運(yùn)輸需求與運(yùn)輸供給的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一,是特定運(yùn)輸環(huán)境下供給與需求的局部平衡,而這種平衡不僅僅是量上的平衡,更是質(zhì)上的平衡。傳統(tǒng)預(yù)測理論忽略了這種實(shí)質(zhì),因而缺乏一種系統(tǒng)預(yù)測的理念,所以目前擺在道路運(yùn)輸預(yù)測者面前的首要問題,
2、不在于如何探索多么新穎的統(tǒng)計(jì)預(yù)測模型,而在于構(gòu)造一種系統(tǒng)預(yù)測的理論體系。本文從道路運(yùn)輸供需平衡理論入手,以“適應(yīng)度”來評價(jià)供需平衡狀況,分析在一定平衡狀態(tài)下形成相應(yīng)運(yùn)輸量的條件,通過分析平衡條件的變化來估測未來運(yùn)輸供需的平衡趨勢,并以此來推測運(yùn)輸需求的增量。文章的著力點(diǎn)在于通過供需平衡分析來構(gòu)造一種預(yù)測的理論平臺,它對傳統(tǒng)預(yù)測理論不是否定,而是補(bǔ)充與完善?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】:道路運(yùn)輸預(yù)測傳統(tǒng)理論理論體系供需平衡理論適應(yīng)度供需平衡條件理論平臺AbstractTheaccurateandobjectivepredictionofthefuturehighwaytranspor
3、tationdemandisthejustfoundationofthescientifictransportationplanningUptillnow,thereareoveronehundredmethodsoftransportationprediction,whichmainlyadoptbothqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis.Thetraditionalpredictionmethodsattachimportancetotheanalysisaboutthehistoricaltransportationstat
4、isticsSOastoforeseethetrendoftransportationdevelopment.However,theresultsofthesepredictionsarenotverysuccessfulforthereasonthatthetransportationquantitydoesnotequalthedemand.Theactualtransportationistheorganicmatchoftransportationdemandandsupply,aswellasthepartialequilibriumofthedeman
5、dandsupplyunderspecifictransportationsituationsthatisnotonlythequantitativeequilibriumbutalsothequalitativeequilibrium.Unfortunately,thetheoryoftraditionalpredictionalwaysignoresthisessentialrelationship,whichresultsintheshortageofasystematicprediction.Therefore,theprimaryproblemconfr
6、ontingthepredictorsinthefieldoftransportationdoesnotlieinhowtoexplorethenewstatisticalpredictionmodelbutintheestablishmentofasystematictheoryaboutpredictionThisthesisstartsfromtheintroductionoftheequilibriumoftransportationdemandandsupply,assessesthiskindofequilibriumbythecriteriaof“a
7、daptability”,analyzesthepremisesofcausingcorrespondingtransportationundercertainequilibrium,finallypredictsthetrendofequilibriumofdemandandsupplybytheanalysisofthechangesofthesepreconditionsforequilibriumandthencalculatetheincreaseoffuturedemand.Thepaperintendstoestablishthetheoreticb
8、asisf