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1、TheHolographicUniversePLMcFaddenandKSkenderisInstituteforTheoreticalPhysics,Valckenierstraat65,1018XEAmsterdam,theNetherlands.E-mail:P.L.McFadden@uva.nl,K.Skenderis@uva.nlAbstract.Wepresentaholographicdescriptionoffour-dimensionalsingle-scalarin?ationaryuniversesintermsofathree-dimensionalquantu

2、m?eldtheory(QFT).Theholographicdescriptioncorrectlyreproducesstandardin?ationarypredictionsintheirregimeofapplicability.Intheoppositecase,whereingravityisstronglycoupledatearlytimes,weproposeaholographicdescriptionintermsofperturbativeQFTandpresentmodelscapableofsatisfyingthecurrentobservational

3、constraintswhileexhibitingaphenomenologydistinctfromstandardin?ation.Thisprovidesaqualitativelynewmethodforgeneratinganearlyscale-invariantspectrumofprimordialcosmologicalperturbations.1.Introduction.Thenotionofholographyemergedfromblackholephysicsasananswertothequestion:whyistheentropyofablackh

4、oleproportionaltotheareaofitshorizon?Sinceentropyisanextensivequantity,onewouldhaveexpectedtheentropytobeinsteadproportionaltothevolumetheblackholeoccupies.Typically,entropyisameasureofthenumberofdegreesoffreedom.Thescalingofthegravitationalentropyhasthusbeentakenasanindicationofanewfundamentalp

5、rinciple,theholographicprinciple,thatunderliesanyquantumtheoryofarXiv:1001.2007v1[hep-th]13Jan2010gravity.Moreprecisely,holographystatesthatanyquantumgravitationalsystemin(d+1)dimensionsshouldhaveadualdescriptionintermsofaQFTwithoutgravityinonedimensionless[1].Indeed,ifgravityisholographicthiswo

6、uldexplainthescalingbehavioroftheblackholeentropy,sincetheentropyofaQFTscaleslikethevolume,whichisthesameastheareainonedimensionhigher.Holographyprovidesanewparadigmforphysicalreality,theconsequencesofwhichweareonlyjustbeginningtocomprehend.Accordingtothispicture,oneofthemacroscopicdimensionsofs

7、pacetimeandoneoftheforcesintheuniverse,namelygravity,areemergentphenomenainanunderlyinglower-dimensionalQFT.Concreterealizationsofholographyhavebeenfoundinstringtheory,andapreciseholographicdictionarywasestablishedshortlythe